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Biomedical subjects

V Martin

Publications and source records attributed to V Martin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Heart surgery in normothermia and aerobiosis: apropos of 530 patients].

Between February and October 1991, 530 consecutive patients underwent myocardial revascularization or valvular surgery with warm continuous antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia (37 degrees C). Three hundred and thirty three patients had isolated myocardial revascularization, 159 valvular surgery alone and 25 had combined valvular and coronary bypass. The global mortality was 5.1%, 3.7% for coronary bypass, 7.5% for valvular surgery and 8% for combined valvular and coronary surgery. A multivariate analysis identified the "reperfusion time" as the only predictive factor of hospital mortality (p < 0.001). Intraortic balloon counterpulsation was required postoperatively in 3.2% of cases, 5.2% of coronary bypass and 0.8% of the valvular patients. Inotropic drugs were used to come off cardiopulmonary bypass in 16.5% of coronary and 37.5% of valvular patients. There were 0.9% perioperative infarctions: 1.2% in the coronary bypass cases and 0.6% in the valvular cases. Spontaneous return to sinus rythm was observed in 87.9% of cases. The average "reperfusion time" was 20.48 +/- 0.7 mn. Analysis of the influence of aortic cross clamp time on cardiac morbidity in two groups of coronary patients (Group I: short cross clamp time less than 60 mn; Group II: long cross clamp time, 60 to 33 mn) showed that the hospital mortality, the prevalence of the use of inotropic drugs and balloon counterpulsation the postoperative cardiac index, the rate of spontaneous de fibrillation and the reperfusion time did not depend on the aortic cross clamp time. Cardiac morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Seroepidemiology of HIV-1 infection in a Catalonian penitentiary.

A seroepidemiological study of HIV-1 infection was carried out among all the subjects who were imprisoned in a correctional centre in Catalonia (Spain) between October 1987 and April 1988. Six hundred and thirty-one inmates (male, mean age 19.1 +/- 1.7 years) were surveyed. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 33.6%. Statistically significant differences were observed between intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and non-IVDUs (P less than 0.0000001) and between regular and irregular IVDUs (P less than 0.000001). The age at which the person started using drugs and the length of time spent in prison were also significantly associated with the prevalence of infection. No other variables, except the higher prevalence among the gipsy ethnic group, showed any statistically significant association with HIV-1 infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of exercise and adrenaline on equine erythrocyte ATP content.

To investigate the claim that equine erythrocytes released from the spleen are older cells than those found at rest in the circulation, the 2,3, diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine concentration of erythrocytes before and following splenic emptying were examined. Normal values for thoroughbreds (43) and ponies (10) at rest were established. Following either exercise or intravenous injection of adrenaline in six thoroughbreds, there was an increase in erythrocyte creatine content and a decrease in ATP concentration. Exercise produced a slight increase in 2,3 DPG while no change occurred with adrenaline. In two splenectomised ponies adrenaline only produced a decrease in erythrocyte ATP, with no change in creatine or 2,3 DPG content. It was concluded that erythrocytes released from the spleen are not aged cells. However, the stimuli used produced a decrease in ATP content which may affect the properties of the erythrocytes.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1989

A low-protein diet restricts albumin synthesis in nephrotic rats.

High-protein diets increase albumin synthesis in rats with Heymann nephritis but albuminuria increases also, causing serum albumin concentration to be suppressed further than in nephrotic animals eating a low-protein diet. Experiments were designed to determine whether dietary protein augmentation directly stimulates albumin synthesis, or whether instead increased albumin synthesis is triggered by the decrease in serum albumin concentration. Evidence is presented that dietary protein augmentation directly stimulates albumin synthesis, accompanied by a proportional increase in steady-state hepatic albumin mRNA concentration (AlbmRNA) and by an increase in AlbmRNA transcription. When the increased albuminuria resulting from dietary protein augmentation is blunted with enalapril, serum albumin concentration is shown to increase in nephrotic rats. Both albumin synthesis and AlbmRNA increase in these animals despite the greater serum albumin concentration. Albumin synthesis correlates inversely with both serum albumin and serum oncotic pressure in nephrotic rats fed 40% protein, but does not correlate with serum albumin concentration in nephrotic rats fed 8.5% protein (LP), even when serum albumin concentration is reduced. Albumin masses are preserved in LP primarily because of reduced albuminuria. Reduced serum oncotic pressure and dietary protein augmentation combine to stimulate albumin synthesis in nephrotic rats at the level of gene transcription.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

[Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophils. Apropos of a case with a cytogenetic analysis and nosologic discussion].

Report of overwhelming leukemia with meningeal involvement in a 13-year-old. Cytologic and ultrastructural examinations showed features of myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils. The karyotype showed pericentric inversion of chromosome 16. Although these findings establish the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils (M4Eo), this case ran an exceptionally severe course and exhibited some unusual cytologic features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Sodium dependence of amino acid-stimulated acid secretion in the conscious rat.

Gastric acid secretion in conscious gastric-fistulated rats was measured by non-recirculating constant gastric perfusion, and extragastric autotitration. Luminal L-amino acids stimulated acid secretion with a potency histidine greater than alanine greater than tryptophan. The response to histidine was concentration dependent, and was inhibited by low pH and by low luminal sodium. These results are consistent with the idea that a sodium-dependent uptake mechanism might, in part, mediate the acid secretory response to intragastric amino acids.

Alanine↗
PubMed1986

Laminar organization of the main olfactory bulb of Podarcis hispanica: an electron microscopic and Golgi study.

In this study, the lamination pattern of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of P. hispanica has been described using EM and Golgi-impregnation techniques. Six layers could be distinguished from the external surface to the ventricles: olfactory nerve layer (ONL), glomerular layer (GL), external plexiform layer (EPL), mitral layer (ML), internal plexiform layer (IPL), and granular cell layer (GCL). In ONL unmyelinated axonic bundles from the olfactory mucosa are seen. The GL is defined by the presence of terminal ramifications of the mitral primary dendrites and by axonic terminals of the olfactory nerve. The EPL is a dendritic articulation layer between the mitral and granule cells, where a great density of dendrodendritic synaptic contacts has been found. The ML is defined by the large mitral cell somata, and the IPL by myelinated axonic bundles that run rostro-caudally. Finally, the GCL is characterized by the presence of granule cells. Using the Golgi-impregnation method, five different neuronal types have been described. In the glomerular layer, a small cell population is located; these neurons seem the periglomerular cells described in mammals. The second type corresponds to the mitral cell population and the morphological features of these cells resemble to those of mammals. The three remaining types constitute the granule cell population; this population is characterized by a great morphological heterogeneousness. However, these types have been differentiated according to their dendritic tree morphology and location of the cell body. A morphological gradient depending on the distance of cell body for each type to the ependymal layer, has been observed. In EM, four different types of neuronal cell bodies according to their location and ultrastructure have been defined. The laminar organization of the MOB of Podarcis is similar to that in all vertebrates. The results for the fine structure and dendritic tree morphology have revealed a high similarity between these reptiles and mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Experience with 407 transvenous, finned pacing leads with a sintered porous-surfaced electrode.

Experience with 407 transvenous ventricular finned pacing leads with a sintered porous-surfaced electrode is reported. A low complication rate was encountered: 97% of patients were free from lead-related complications. Four patients (1%) required re-operation: two for lead displacement, one for failure to sense spontaneous ventricular activity and one for exit block. A further patient developed exit block which resolved spontaneously. The vast majority of patients had low chronic stimulation thresholds; for example at six months after implantation, the mean threshold for a group of pacemakers with a pulse duration of 0.5 ms was 1.4 +/- 0.7 V and for another group with a pulse duration of 0.8 ms it was 1.9 +/- 0.7 mA. However, six patients developed a transient high stimulation threshold during the month after implantation, and a high threshold developed in another patient at five months and persisted. Mean acute stimulation and sensing thresholds were satisfactory: 0.7 +/- 0.2 V at 0.5 ms pulse duration and 7.6 +/- 2.4 mV, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Enzymatic sulfation of steroids. XV. Studies differentiating between rat liver androgen, estrogen, bile acid, glucocorticoid and phenol sulfotransferases.

Earlier reports left the number of enzymes that catalyzed phenol, androgen, estrogen, bile acid and glucocorticoid sulfation obscure. Here, we have utilized chromatographic, immunochemical and endocrinologic methods to compare and differentiate these enzymes in rat liver. Sulfotransferases I, II, and III--which sulfate glucocorticoids--were used in this comparison. We found that phenols were sulfated by phenol sulfotransferases 1 and 2, which were unrelated to the other enzymes studied here. Large amounts of phenol sulfotransferase 1 were found in both sexes. Large amounts of phenol sulfotransferase 2 were restricted to males. By contrast, the small amount of androgen sulfation found in both sexes appeared to be mediated by sulfotransferase II, which preferred 3 beta-hydroxysteroids, but also sulfated estrogens and glucocorticoids to lesser extents. The sulfation of estrogens presented a more complex picture. Most estradiol sulfotransferase activity in both sexes was due to an enzyme that sulfated estrone poorly, and did not sulfate the other steroids tested. This specific estradiol sulfotransferase was unrelated to the other sulfotransferases described here. Smaller amounts of estrogen sulfotransferase activity that sulfated estradiol and estrone equally well were present at concentrations dependent on the sex of test animals. This enzyme activity appeared to be due to sulfotransferases I, II and III. Most bile acid sulfotransferase activity eluted from DEAE-Sephadex A-50 columns with sulfotransferases I and II. However, data with males suggested that these enzymes were not responsible. Thus, phenols, androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids were sulfated by six enzymes of differing substrate specificity: phenol sulfotransferases 1 and 2, specific estradiol sulfotransferase, and sulfotransferases I, II, and III. Unique bile acid sulfotransferases also appeared probable.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1981

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Demography↗
PubMed1980

Advances in the use of therapeutic pheresis for the management of rheumatic diseases.

Twenty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 3 with seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 4 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 4 with psoriatic arthritis have undergone therapeutic pheresis at our institution over the last 3 yr. Lymphoplasmapheresis appears to be the most effective form of pheresis in treating rheumatoid arthritis. After achieving a remission with 20 treatments performed in 11 wk, a flare may be preventable by pheresing patients 3 times a week every 6 wk provided the patient is on a concomitant, long-acting agent. Therapeutic pheresis has been disappointing in seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Life-threatening complications of systemic lupus erythematosus may respond dramatically to pheresis. In treating less severe disease on a long-term basis, pheresis has demonstrated excellent steroid sparing properties. Nonspondylytic psoriatic arthritis responds slowly to pheresis, but arthritic remissions may be prolonged, even though skin response is variable. Experience in the use of pheresis for treating these diseases has allowed for the development of criteria for deciding whether to institute such therapy as an adjunct to more standard modes of treatment for individual patients. Also, a variety of "technical" factors can influence the outcome of therapy, and these must be managed appropriately. Therapeutic pheresis is a promising tool for investigating and treating rheumatic diseases.

Adolescent↗