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Biomedical subjects

V Manninen

Publications and source records attributed to V Manninen.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Serum lipids with special reference to HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in young male survivors of acute myocardial infarction.

Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were determined in 56 male survivors of myocardial infarction (MI), suffered 6--20 months earlier, and in 82 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The mean age of both groups was 39 years. Total serum cholesterol was within normal limits in both groups, whereas HDL cholesterol was considerably lower and triglycerides remarkably elevated in MI patients compared with the controls. Judging from previous and present data, low HDL cholesterol seems to be a coronary risk factor as such. This study indicates that low HDL cholesterol, and especially a low HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio, may be stronger coronary risk factors than total serum cholesterol alone. Because HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were inversely correlated, these results also emphasize the importance of serum triglycerides as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Maintenance of potassium balance during diuretic therapy.

The relative efficacies of potassium chloride, amiloride, triamterene and spironolactone in maintaining potassium balance were studied in 40 patients with essential hypertension receiving diuretic therapy. The preparations were administered in random order in a cross-over manner. In 31 patients treated with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide daily, addition of 1500 mg potassium chloride daily was the weakest and 50 mg spironolactone daily the most effective agent for maintaining serum potassium. Amiloride (5 mg daily) and triamterene (75 mg daily) were less effective and equally so. Similar results were obtained with 9 patients treated with double dosages of the diuretic and supplements. Despite changes in serum potassium, total body potassium remained constant throughout the trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Factors affecting the relative magnitudes of the ouabain-sensitive and the ouabain-insensitive fluxes of thallium ion in erythrocytes.

A maximal rate of the ouabain-sensitive 204-Tl influx in human erythrocytes can be attained at trace concentrations of Tl+ in Mg2+ isotonic media free of K+ and Na+. The maximal influx of Tl+ from isotonic Mg(NO3)2 at 20 degrees C and pH 7.4 was 0.45 mM.l(-1).h-1 with a Km of 0.025 mM. In contrast to the active influx of Tl+, the passive Tl+ fluxes were neither saturated nor influenced by external cations in the range of concentrations of Tl+ and K+ studied. The rate constants of Tl+ passive fluxes in human and cat erythrocytes can be related to pH by the equation log kin(OUT)= -A + B.pH, where A and B are empirical constants for particular conditions. The apparent activation energy was 16 and 11 kcal/mol in sulphate and nitrate media, respectively. Tl+ and the alkali metal cations seem to overcome a common barrier in the erythrocyte membrane. Nevertheless, the rate of the passive penetration of Tl+ is about two orders of magnitude faster than those of K+ or Rb+. An extra non-Coulombic interaction between Tl+ and membrane ligands appears to be involved providing an accumulation of Tl+ somewhere in the vicinity of the membrane barrier and increasing the diffusion fluxes of Tl+ in both directions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in hypophysectomized rats.

Hypophysectomy in rats induces a decrease in VLDL and HDL and an increase in LDL. To investigate the importance of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) for these changes, plasma LCAT activity was determined, both according to the methods of Stokke-Norum and Glomset-Wright. Plasma LCAT activity as assessed by both these methods decreased significantly after hypophysectomy, indicating a reduction in plasma enzyme concentration. Plasma total and free cholesterol increased slightly, while the concentration of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides remained unchanged. Blood sugar and FFA decreased. The osmotic resistance of the red cells was increased, and target cells were seen. There was a decrease in blood haemoglobin and haematocrit. Serum total protein concentration, electrophoresis, and plasma ALAT activity did not change. The observed changes in lipoproteins and LCAT following hypophysectomy can be partly explained by decreased liver secretion of both LCAT and VLDL. Because of the complex relationship between lipoproteins and LCAT, no clear-cut conclusions about the association between decreased HDL and LCAT can be drawn. The precise hormonal mechanisms controlling LCAT activity and lipoprotein metabolism remain to be solved.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Human serum and myocardium digoxin.

Linear correlation was demonstrated between serum digoxin and papillary muscle digoxin concentrations in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. The mean ratio of myocardial tissue to serum digoxin concentrations was 6711. This result supports the use of serum digoxin as a guide for assessing the degree of digitalization under steady-state conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Transient cardiac arrhythmias after single daily maintenance doses of digoxin.

Ten digitalized patients were monitored for detection of cardiac arrhythmias 0 to 8 hr after daily maintenance dose of digoxin in the fasting state. Transient cardiac arrhythmias attributable to digoxin were seen at 2 to 5 hr in 5 subjects. Initial serum concentrations of digoxin were within standard clinical limits in all subjects, but, higher steady-state levels were present in patients with arrhythmias (1.2 to 1.7 ng/ml) than in the others (0.7 to 1.2 ng/ml). The postadministrative serum peak concentrations were also higher in the patients with arrhythmias.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Maximal bioavailability of digoxin from tablets and oral solution in steady state.

Comparison has been made between the absorption of digoxin from Lanoxin tablets and the absorption of international chemical reference substance digoxin from an oral solution. Plasma levels, areas under 24-hour plasma concentration curves and urinary excretion were similar by both formulations in steady state. 78% of the digoxin administered was absorbed from the tablets and 76% from the solution. Rapid dissolution in the intestinal fluids accounts for the high digoxin bioavailability of the tablets.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A clofibrate controlled trial of gemfibrozil in the treatment of hyperlipidaemias.

The efficacy of gemfibrozil as a hypolipidaemic agent was compared with that of clofibrate in a cohort of 80 subjects, half being treated with gemfibrozil and half with clofibrate. The majority of the subjects were either of the type IIa or IIb. Both drugs proved to be effective, though there were 13 non-responders in the clofibrate group, compared with 8 in the gemfibrozil group. The mean reduction in serum cholesterol induced by clofibrate was 23% and by gemfibrozil 19%. The corresponding falls in serum triglycerides were 36% and 43%. There were no serious side effects in either group. Analysed in this way, the relative efficiencies of gemfibrozil and clofibrate seem to be indistinguishable. Further studies are being directed towards evaluation of the individual responses to both treatments.

Arteriosclerosis↗