Hemoglobin synthesis during amphibian metamorphosis. I. Chemical studies on the hemoglobins from the larval and adult stages of Rana catesbeiana.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V M Ingram.
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Radioactive aminoacyl transfer RNA's isolated from erythrocytes in the blood of 4-day-old chick embryos and from reticulocytes of adult chickens were analyzed by chromatography on methylated albumin kieselguhr and freon columns. Embryonic and adult methionyl transfer RNA's showed qualitative and quantitative differences in both chromatographic systems. The patterns for arginyl, seryl, and tyrosyl transfer RNA's in the two cell types were similar, while the leucyl transfer RNA patterns suggested a difference.
Yeast alanine-tRNA was reacted with 1-cyclohexyl-3-[2-morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl] carbodiimide (14)C-methoiodide in the presence of magnesium ion. The carbodiimide formed addition products with bases in the sequences psipGp, UpCp and UpUpIpGpCp. The expected bases in the sequence TppsipCpGpApUp did not react, although this region is postulated to be in a loop that is not hydrogen-bonded. The capacity of the alanine-tRNA to accept amino acids decreased after reaction with the carbodiimide.
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An age-related phosphorylation of the 200kD neurofilament protein (NF200) has been observed in the axons of cerebellar basket cells of normal human fixed brain tissue from individuals older than 60 years, but not in younger individuals. The probe for this study was the monoclonal antibody SMI-34 which detects a phosphorylated epitope on NF200 which appears to be different from the more frequent NF200 phosphorylated epitope found by another monoclonal antibody, SMI-31. The SMI-31 epitope was detected in our specimens at all ages examined. In sections of brainstems from normal individuals older than 52 years, from Alzheimer's disease individuals older than 65 years and from older Down's syndrome individuals (greater than 56 years) certain axons in the medial longitudinal fasciculus and in the mesencephalic trigeminal tract react positively with SMI-34, the antibody which detects the "age-related" phosphorylation epitope. All our Alzheimer's disease specimens and all our Down's syndrome specimens, even the younger ones, show staining of these fibers with SMI-31. The biochemistry of the "age-related" phosphorylation of NF200 remains to be explained.
Erythroid systems in several developing organisms (including the human foetus and neonate, the chick embryo, the mouse embryo and the metamorphosing tadpole) have changing erythroid cell populations, changing haemoglobins and changing sites of erythropoiesis. The first two characteristics can be studied in vitro through organ cultures and cell cultures derived from early chick embryos. The prevention of early globin synthesis by specific inhibitors helps to define the mechanisms. There are interesting changes in the histone patterns during embryonic erythroid development and maturation. Changes in the composition and modification or erythroid chromatin proteins in the developing chick embryo and in the stimulated Friend erythroleukaemic system are discussed.