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Biomedical subjects

V Lassila

Publications and source records attributed to V Lassila.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The reliability of compliance assessments performed by doctors and patients during neuroleptic treatment: a comparison of compliance ratings.

OBJECTIVE: To compare compliance assessments made by doctors and patients during neuroleptic drug treatment and to detect any variables explaining the discrepancies between their ratings. METHOD: Compliance reports regarding neuroleptic medication were collected from 100 in-patients and out-patients and from their doctors. Re-ratings were performed after 1-2 weeks. Compliance ratings were compared with demographic, treatment and symptom-related variables and with the Attitudes to Neuroleptic Treatment (ANT) questionnaire using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The doctors' and patients' compliance ratings showed good test-retest reliability (r=0.80, doctors; r=0.81, patients) and concordance (79% of the cases within the limits of +/-25%-units deviation). Variables explaining discrepancies between the ratings included female gender, a low level of education, the diagnosis of mania, a high neuroleptic dose and several items from the ANT scale. CONCLUSION: Manic episodes, negative attitudes to neuroleptic medication and a high-dose treatment increase the risk for deviating views of compliance in the doctor-patient relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Attitudes towards neuroleptic treatment: reliability and validity of the attitudes towards neuroleptic treatment (ANT) questionnaire.

Non-compliance problems may rise to 50% among patients undergoing neuroleptic treatment. There are no direct measures available to predict compliance, if previous non-compliance is not taken into account. Attitudes towards neuroleptic treatment and insight into psychotic symptoms may vary during the course of the treatment process. It would be relevant to evaluate these items before taking any clinical action and later reassess the degree of change. The instrument thus far available has been the Drug Attitude Inventory. It has limitations for use with first-episode-patients and their follow-up. Its statements are dichotomous, which makes it difficult to determine the variation of attitudes e.g. during maintenance treatment, and most of the items concentrate on the subjective state of the patient, leaving attitudes as a minority in the scale. In this study, we report the new Attitudes towards Neuroleptic Treatment (ANT) questionnaire for the quantitative assessment of attitudes. We developed 10 statements for attitudes and two items for insight in the Visual Analogue Scale form (0-100 points). These were compared with the Drug Attitude Inventory 10 Questionnaire (DAI-10) (Hogan, T. P., Awad, A.G., Eastwood, R., 1983. A self-report scale predictive of drug compliance in schizophrenics: reliability and discriminative validity. Psychol. Med. 13, 177-183.) among 106 subjects receiving neuroleptic medication. The 12 Visual Analogue Scales showed a high inter-item consistency and fair test-retest validity. The results were in accordance with the DAI-10. The scales comprised three factors: general attitudes, subjective feeling and expectations and insight. Attitudes towards neuroleptic treatment and insight into psychotic symptoms are different dimensions and can be measured quantitatively. The Attitudes towards Neuroleptic Treatment scale is useful in assessing the state of attitudes before starting medication and for follow-up among patients receiving neuroleptic medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between body mass index and the remaining alveolar ridge.

Severe residual ridge resorption may occur in individuals with either high or low mineral density in the skeleton. Heavy individuals with a heavy skeleton and a large percentage of fat in the body are less predisposed to osteoporosis than small individuals are. In addition, the jaws of heavy subjects are probably more massive and thick than the jaws of smaller individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine whether, after a long period of edentulousness, the size of the subject is associated with the height of the remaining alveolar ridge and difficulties in wearing complete dentures. The conclusions of this study suggest that the size of an individual may play an important role in the destiny of the residual ridges. Heavy subjects with large jaws have more bone substance to be lost. Wider supportive tissues in the mandible also may provide better possibilities for the use of complete dentures than do the jaws of small individuals.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Biometric design of complete dentures related to residual ridge resorption.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the location of the incisive papilla, the extent of the alveolar bone remaining on the facial side of the palatal-gingival margin in the canine region, and the height of the palatal vault in the molar region are associated with factors that may affect the volume of the residual ridges in an edentulous maxillae. Results suggest that duration of the edentulousness and skeletal mineral status are important factors in the resorption of the residual ridges in the maxillae. The location of the incisive papilla and the thickness of the ridge on the facial side of the palatal-gingival margin are associated with these two factors.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

Mineral status of skeleton and advanced periodontal disease.

Studies of the effect of general bone loss on periodontal condition and on development of periodontal pockets suggest that there is no clear correlation between periodontal health or number of teeth and the general mineral status of the skeleton. In some reports, however, deep periodontal pockets have been correlated with good mineral status in the jawbones and skeleton. The purpose of this study of 227 healthy postmenopausal women aged 48 to 56 years was to determine whether advanced alveolar bone loss, diagnosed by panoramic radiographs, and periodontal probing depths or number of remaining teeth were correlated with the bone mineral status of the skeleton and cortical bone in the mandible. The results suggest that individuals with high mineral values in the skeleton seem to retain their teeth with deep periodontal pockets more easily than those with osteoporosis. This finding may especially motivate treatment of persons suffering from advanced periodontal disease but having good mineral status.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

Mineral density in the mandibles of partially and totally edentate postmenopausal women.

Mineral density of the cortical bone in four regions and the spongiosa distal from the mental foramen of the mandible was determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for 77 postmenopausal, 48-56-yr-old women. Of these women, 42 were totally edentulous and 35 had teeth in region d35-d45. The bone mineral densities of different regions of these two groups were compared. Mineral density of the cortical bone on lingual and buccal sides, distal from the mental foramen, was significantly higher among those who had been edentate 12-23 yr than among dentate subjects. No differences were found between those who had been edentate less than 12 or over 23 yr and the dentate group. This study indicates that muscular activity during different phases of edentulousness regulates the density of bone in regions where muscles are attached.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1993

Panoramic mandibular index and bone mineral densities in postmenopausal women.

The panoramic mandibular index was used in a group of postmenopausal women to determine whether it correlates with bone mineral densities of the femoral neck, lumbar area, and the trabecular and cortical parts of the mandible. The bone mineral density values were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the femoral neck and lumbar area and by quantitative computed tomography of the mandible. Linear correlation of the panoramic mandibular index with all bone mineral density values was weak. However, the low and high index subgroup means were clearly dependent on the bone mineral density variables.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1993

Cortical bone mineral density in the mandible and osteoporosis status in postmenopausal women.

Mineral density of the cortical bone of the mandible was determined by single-energy QCT (quantitative computed tomography) for 77 menopausal women. Bone mineral densities (BMD) were measured in the buccal and lingual layers of the cortex, distally from the foramen mentale, on both sides of the mandible. All the women were edentulous in that region, and the alveolar processes were far resorbed. These results were compared with the BMD values of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and trabecular portion of the mandible between the detected layers of cortex. The BMD of the buccal cortex correlated remarkably well with all values, except those of the trabecular portion. Of the women tested, the correlations were lowest in the least osteoporotic group. The values for the lingual cortex did not correlate with other variables as well as did those for the buccal cortex, but in the most osteoporotic part of the sample the lingual cortex values correlated significantly with the BMD of the trabecular portion. The BMD values for the buccal cortex were significantly higher than those for the lingual cortex.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Trabecular bone mineral density of mandible and alveolar height in postmenopausal women.

Mineral density of the trabecular bone of the mandible was determined by single-energy QCT (quantitative computed tomography) for 74 totally or nearly edentulous menopausal women. These results were compared with the bone mineral densities (BMD) of their lumbar area (L2-L4) and femoral collum, measured by dual-energy x-ray transmission, Lunar DPX. The remaining height of the residual ridge at the symphysis of the mandible was measured on computed tomography (CT) lateral projection view, and an index of the residual ridge status was introduced. To determine whether general osteoporosis status affects the remaining height of the residual ridges, we compared these values with all results for bone mineral density. The BMD of the lumbar area and that of the femoral collum correlated well with each other, but the BMD of the trabecular bone of the mandible did not correlate with either of the other two BMD measurements. Measurements of residual ridge height did not correlate with any BMD values. The effect of possible bone loss earlier in life is no longer apparent in mandibular height or trabecular BMD over 20 yr after tooth extractions.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Protoberberine alkaloids from Enantia chlorantha therapy of allyl-alcohol- and D-galactosamine-traumatized rats.

The short-term effect of the hepatotoxins allyl alcohol (AA) and D-galactosamine (GalN) was investigated in adult female rats. In addition, the curative effect of Hepasor, protoberberine extract from Enantia chlorantha was examined 3 days following traumatization. There was a significant increase in serum alanine transferase (ALT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (APHOS) values induced by AA traumatization, which were lowered following Hepasor treatment. GalN traumatization also significantly increased ALT values, APHOS values to a lesser extent, and produced a decrease in serum hydroxyproline (OH-PRO) values. Hepasor treatment prevented these changes. Liver biopsies of AA-traumatized rats revealed marked necrotic areas and increased numbers of binuclear cells. When AA traumatization was combined with Hepasor treatment, fewer morphological changes in the liver were observed. GalN also provoked a 3-fold increase in binuclear cells, about a 10-fold increase in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in the neutrophils in the liver. Notable changes in Kupffer cells and degenerating hepatocytes were also observed. Both GalN traumatization and Hepasor treatment on pretraumatized rats nearly abolished these changes. Hepasor treatment appears to prevent chemically induced traumatization and also to promote the healing process in the hepatic injury models selected.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1989

Impact of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on rat blood and alveolar bone affected by occlusal stress.

Adult male and female rats were used as test animals. The experimental diabetes mellitus was provoked with one dose of i.v. injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight), which interferes with the insulin release mechanism in pancreatic beta cells. After a follow-up period of 10 wk an average loss of 10% of body weight and an increase of 25% in the amount of blood obtained by decapitation was recorded in the test animals. The biochemical assays performed on the serum of the diabetic rats showed, for both sexes, a fourfold rise in the plasma glucose level, a threefold rise in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma alanine transferase activity as well as a 1.5-fold rise in plasma creatine value. The two latter values indicated systematic disorders reflected in the liver and the kidneys. An increase in serum total calcium and hydroxyproline values was also detected. The clinical studies of the gingiva showed diminished tissue resistance in diabetic rats. The histologic studies of alveolar bone revealed retarded formation of bone matrix and new bone in diabetic animals. However, the stimulated metabolism in alveolar bone, due to the artificially induced stress, increased marginal bone cell activity in both the diabetic and the control group, resulting in increased crestal resorption in the former group. The differences in tissue response observed among the diabetic animals affected and unaffected by stress originated from the disturbed recovering mechanism typically found in diabetic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of splenectomy on hepasor treatment in allyl-alcohol-traumatized rat liver.

Experimental liver injury was provoked in test rats with and without spleen intraperitoneally with allyl alcohol injections. The rats without spleen were used for tests 2 months after the splenectomy. Traumatized rats received further intraperitoneal injections of Hepasor, a protoberberine alkaloid mixture from Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae). Biochemical assays from blood plasma, serum alanine transferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, serum hydroxyproline and serum calcium were done and the total amount of blood obtained by decapitation was measured. Liver and kidney samples for histological processing were taken. The biochemical results obtained show significant changes in serum hydroxyproline which increases cumulatively due to traumatization, Hepasor treatment and splenectomy. In case of spenectomy, the absolute volume of circulating blood enhanced under Hepasor treatment. The histological findings in the liver sections show that a 2-week Hepasor therapy of the 2-week pretraumatized rats greatly furthers the healing process during prolonged traumatization. The preventive effect of Hepasor was seen as a diminished occurrence of Kupffer cells, improved cell architecture and promoted mitotic activity. The sedative effect of Hepasor was pivotally evaluated, when massive intra- and extracellular damages were provoked with allyl alcohol in splenectomized rats. This indicate the high regeneration potency of Hepasor on experimentally provoked liver dysplasia.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1988

Natural protoberberine alkaloids from Enantia chlorantha, palmatine, columbamine and jatrorrhizine for thioacetamide-traumatized rat liver.

Experimental liver injury was provoked experimentally in rats with intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide. Traumatized rats received further intraperitoneal injections of Hepasor, a protoberberine alkaloid extract from Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae) containing palmatine, columbamine and jatrorrhizine. The development of body weight was kept under continuous control. Biochemical assays of blood plasma, serum alanine transferase (S-ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AP), serum creatinine S-CREAT, serum hydroxyproline (S-OH-PROL) and serum calcium (S-Ca) were done and liver samples for histological processing were taken. The biochemical results obtained indicate Hepasor exerted a marked influence on the S-ALT activities and S-OH-PROL values in female rats, but more incidental one in male rats. Some reduction in S-AP activity and S-CREAT values, which was also dependent on sex, was also found. The histological findings in the liver sections of female rats show that Hepasor improves the blood flow and mitotic activity in thioacetamide-traumatized livers.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1988

Regeneration of D-galactosamine-traumatized rat liver with natural protoberberine alkaloids from Enantia chlorantha.

Experimental liver injury was provoked in test rats with intraperitoneal injections of D-galactosamine. Traumatized rats received further intraperitoneal injections of Hepasor, a protoberberine alkaloid mixture from Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae). Biochemical assays from blood plasma, serum alanine transferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, serum hydroxyproline and serum calcium were done and liver and kidney samples for histological processing were taken. The biochemical results obtained indicate a marked influence by Hepasor on the serum alanine transferase activities and serum hydroxyproline values in female rats, but more accidental ones in male rats. A reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the serum creatinine values was also found, being also dependent on sex. The histological findings in the liver sections of female rats show that 1 week Hepasor therapy greatly furthers the healing process in a D-galactosamine-pretraumatized liver, eliminating megalocytosis, contraction of chromatines and other disorders in the cell architecture. The inhibitory effect of Hepasor on proceeded traumatization caused by D-galactosamine was nearly complete.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of five interocclusal recording materials.

The initial resistance of interocclusal recording materials to closure changed from 0.5 N to 13.8 N, and a rapid rise in the working time was seen in all elastomers. The resistance exhibited by wax at 60 degrees C was about 7 N. The volumetric contraction of elastomers in polymerization was clinically slight. The dimensional stability of rigid materials, acrylic resin, and zinc oxide pastes was good. Elastomers maintained their reliability for a relatively long time when stored in a tightly sealed plastic bag.

Chemical Phenomena↗