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Biomedical subjects

V L Sutter

Publications and source records attributed to V L Sutter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparative activity of SCH 34343 against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activity of SCH 34343 was compared with that of imipenem, clindamycin, cefoxitin, and metronidazole against 78 strains of anaerobic bacteria in the presence and absence of blood. Wilkins-Chalgren agar was used. SCH 34343 and imipenem were the most active agents, inhibiting all strains at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. The addition of blood had little effect on the activity of any of the agents. Seven strains were unable to grow on Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Even with the addition of blood, one strain each of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and Bacteroides bivius and two strains of Fusobacterium were unable to grow. Sixty-eight of the strains were tested against SCH 34343 and imipenem on Brucella lysed blood agar. Minimal inhibitory concentrations tended to be somewhat higher on Brucella lysed blood agar than on Wilkins-Chalgren agar, and all strains were able to grow on Brucella lysed blood agar.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Establishment of MICs of moxalactam for control and reference anaerobic organisms in agar dilution and microdilution techniques.

The MICs of moxalactam were determined for eight National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards control and reference strains and for Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 by agar and microdilution techniques. The recommended MIC for the control strain Bacteroides fragilis in both agar and microdilution tests is 0.5 micrograms/ml. Recommended MICs for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 by agar dilution are 8 and 0.063 micrograms/ml, respectively. These two strains gave inconsistent results in microdilution tests. Variation in results with microdilution procedures was seen, which illustrates problems in reading endpoints and with modifications of media. Recommended MICs for the reference strains are presented.

Agar↗
PubMed1985

Comparative activity of ciprofloxacin against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin was assessed against 362 strains of anaerobic bacteria and compared with that of cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and mezlocillin. Only 31% of the strains tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The other agents were active against most of the strains tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Effect of carbon dioxide on erythromycin.

Exposure of erythromycin solutions to CO(2) or air for 18 h resulted in minimal deterioration under both conditions. Saturated disks exposed to the two atmospheres resulted in greater erythromycin deterioration, with slightly more deterioration occurring in the presence of CO(2). Reduction of activity was greatest when assays were conducted in a CO(2) environment.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1983

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria associated with periodontal disease.

A total of 193 bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibilities to 14 antimicrobial agents. Penicillin G was active at 2 U/ml against 98% of the oral isolates. Other antibiotics with good activity were cefoperazone, moxalactam, Sch 29,482, and clindamycin. Metronidazole was active against more than 90% of the anaerobic bacteria and Capnocytophaga but was inactive against most other microaerophilic and facultative strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis to cephradine.

The activity of cephradine and the influence of pH on its activity against 70 Gardnerella vaginalis strains were determined. Serial dilutions of cephradine (0.062 to 256 micrograms/ml) were incorporated into Dunkelberg agar, inoculated with a Steers replicator, incubated in 5% CO2 for 48 h, and examined. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of the isolates were 16 and 8.0 micrograms/ml at pH 7.0 to 6.0 and 5.5, respectively.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1983

Establishment of minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone for control and reference anaerobic organisms.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone were determined in a collaborative study for eight National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards control and reference strains of anaerobic bacteria by agar and microdilution techniques with several types and sources of media. Recommended minimum inhibitory concentrations for the control strains, Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741, are 32 to 64 micrograms/ml and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively. Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 gave inconsistent results, and no value is recommended. Recommended values for reference strains are presented. Modification of media did not significantly change the minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

Intravenous metronidazole for treatment of infections involving anaerobic bacteria.

Intravenous metronidazole was administered, either by continuous or intermittent infusion, to 20 patients with infections involving anaerobic bacteria; 14 of the 20 patients were changed to oral administration of metronidazole for completion of therapy. Six of eight patients with infections derived from oropharyngeal bacterial flora were cured; the addition of ampicillin was required in one patient, however, because of an incomplete response to metronidazole. Eight of eleven evaluable patients with infections derived from bowel flora were also cured by metronidazole or metronidazole plus an aminoglycoside. Of 93 anaerobic bacteria isolated before therapy, 89 were susceptible to 16 micrograms or less of metronidazole per ml. Mean plasma levels of metronidazole were 27.6 +/- 11.4 micrograms/ml in patients receiving continuous infusions of drug and 19.9 +/- 10.7 micrograms/ml (trough) in patients receiving intermittent infusions. Two patients developed peripheral neuropathy during therapy. Metronidazole is an effective agent for the treatment of anaerobic infections. Because metronidazole is not active against facultative and aerobic bacteria, the addition of a second antimicrobial agent may be required for the treatment of mixed anaerobic-aerobic infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Collaborative evaluation of the micro-media systems anaerobe susceptibility panel: comparisons with reference methods and test reproducibility.

The Micro-Media Systems (MMS) anaerobe susceptibility testing panel results from four laboratories were compared for interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations and for the results with the reference agar dilution and a broth microdilution method. The interlaboratory agreement was 98.0% and intralaboratory agreement was 97.3% (+/- 1 log2 dilution). When interpretive criteria for each antimicrobial agent (susceptible, intermediate, and resistant) were assigned, the MMS anaerobic minimum inhibitory concentration data showed an interpretive accuracy of 91.0 and 95.5% for comparisons to the reference agar dilution and the broth methods, respectively. Most significant interpretive errors were considered minor, and nearly half of all errors involved tetracycline, a drug rarely used for serious anaerobic infections. The MMS anaerobe panels appear to be acceptable for selected use in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

Value of antibiotic prophylaxis in periodontal surgery.

THE MORBIDITY and incidence of bacteremia in periodontal surgery with or without cephalexin prophylaxis were assessed in adults on the basis of clinical evaluations and blood cultures. Cephalexin reduced the incidence of polymicrobic bacteremias. There was no correlation between objective signs of tissue healing and antibiotic coverage in treated or nontreated patients. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility data showed that cephalexin was active against the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from blood specimens taken during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

In vitro susceptibility of Capnocytophaga strains to 18 antimicrobial agents.

Twenty-seven strains of capnocytophaga were tested for their susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents by an agar dilution technique. All strains were susceptible to achievable blood levels of penicillin G, cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefoperazone, moxalactam, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Most were susceptible to achievable levels of cefamandole, erythromycin, and metronidazole, and more than 10% were resistant to achievable levels of cephalexin and cephradine. With antimicrobial agents used in selective media, all strains were resistant to colistin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid at commonly recommended concentrations of bacitracin and vancomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Effect of carbon dioxide on in vitro susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to erythromycin.

The activity of erythromycin against 317 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 133 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, was tested by the agar dilution method in an anaerobic atmosphere with two different concentrations of carbon dioxide and without CO2. The effect of the atmosphere of incubation on the agar surface pH was also determined. All strains grew well in the GasPak (GP) environment. However, 3.5 and 30.3% of strains failed to grow in the 2 and 0% CO2 environments, respectively. The quality of growth was best in the GP environment and poorest in the 0% CO2 environment. Minimal inhibitory concentrations in the GP and 2% CO2 environments were frequently the same or one dilution lower in the 0% than in the GP environment. In the 0% CO2 atmosphere, minimal inhibitory concentrations were usually two to three dilutions lower than in the GP environment. Consequently, only 24% of B. fragilis strains were susceptible to erythromycin in the GP environment, whereas 77% were susceptible in the 0% CO2 environment. For Fusobacterium species, 12% were susceptible to erythromycin in the GP environment, and 73% were susceptible in the 0% CO2 environment. There was a comparable decrease in pH in all three atmospheres tested. In vitro susceptibility testing of erythromycin against anaerobic bacteria should be performed in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

Factors affecting the in vitro activity of cefoperazone against the Bacteroides fragilis group.

The in vitro activity of cefoperazone against 32 strains of bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis group was determined on four media by using a variety of test parameters. Lower mean minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were obtained on Mueller-Hinton blood agar and supplemented brain heart infusion agar than were obtained on brucella laked blood agar or Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Higher MICs were obtained with 6-h inocula than with 24-h inocula, and slightly higher MICs were obtained with tests read at 48 as compared with 24 h. Conducting tests in an anaerobic glove box had little effect. The greatest differences in mean MICs were seen with inoculum densities of 10(4) and 10(5) colony-forming units.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Erythromycin for anaerobic pleuropulmonary and soft-tissue infections.

Erythromycin has been reported to be active in vitro against most anaerobic bacteria. We found it effective in treating 14 of 17 patients with mild to moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic pleuropulmonary of soft-tissue infections when adjunctive measures (eg, drainage, débridement, and the use of additional antibiotics to treat important aerobic pathogens) were employed. Erythromycin offers a reasonable therapeutic alternative to penicillin in the treatment of a penicillin-allergic patient who has a mild or moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection not involving Bacteroides fragilis or fusobacteria.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Transformation of 4-androsten-3,17-dione by growing cultures and cell extracts of Clostridium paraputrificum.

Growing cultures of Clostridium paraputrificum transformed 4-androsten-3,17-dione to 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one in a sequential manner with 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione as an intermediate. The addition of 1.5 mM menadione to log-phase cultures which had formed 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione resulted in a partial reoxidation of this steroid to 4-androsten-3,17-dione. However, this treatment also resulted in transient inhibition of culture growth. Resumption of growth was accompanied by complete reduction of 4-androsten-3,17-dione to 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione. Cell extracts of C. paraputrificum were capable of carrying out these reductive transformations in the absence of added cofactors. However, Sephadex G-25 treated extracts required NADH or NADPH for these reactions. A flavin nucleotide, either FAD (plus NADH or NADPH) or FMN (plus NADH) was highly stimulatory for 4-androsten-3,17-dione reduction to 5 beta-androstan-3,17-dione. NADH was the preferred reduced pyridine nucleotide for reduction of the C4-C5 double bond, while time-course measurements suggested that NADPH was the preferred donor for reduction of the 3-keto group.

Androstanes↗