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Biomedical subjects

V L Go

Publications and source records attributed to V L Go.

335 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of distribution of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, Met-enkephalin, bombesin and PHI in the spinal cord of cat, dog, sloth and monkey.

Levels of substance P (sP), peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT), bombesin (BOM) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) like immunoreactivity were measured in cat, dog, primate and sloth cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral dorsal and ventral horns and dorsal root ganglia. The levels of peptides in the cat sacral cord and the principal peaks of immunoreactivity on a 10-60% acetonitrile gradient on a C18 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were sP (sP1-11: 369 ng/g), PHI (PHI: 271 ng/g), VIP (VIP1-28: 210 ng/g), Met-Enk (Met1-5 and extended forms: 257 ng/g), BOM (BOM1-10 and GRP1-27: 20 ng/g), CCK (CCK-8: 15 ng/g) and NT (NT1-13: 10 ng/g). Consideration of the rostrocaudal levels revealed an approximately even distribution with the exception of VIP and PHI which showed sacral/cervical ratios of 79 and 63. For sP, Met-Enk and BOM dorsal/ventral ratios were greater than 1 at all spinal levels. For VIP, PHI and CCK these ratios were greater than 1 only in the sacral cord. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) levels of sP, VIP, PHI were readily measurable in single ganglia and covaried with the respective levels in the dorsal cord. Pooled samples of spinal ganglia and the trigeminal ganglia revealed that the relative levels of peptide immunoreactivity were: sP (25 ng/g); VIP (26 ng/g); PHI (28 ng/g); Met-Enk (6 ng/g); CCK (2 ng/g); NT (1 ng/g); and BOM (1 ng/g).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the pig, rat and human central nervous system.

The distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in various regions of the central nervous system was assessed in three mammalian species, pig, rat, and human, by radioimmunoassay. Galanin concentrations were highest in the hypothalamus and pituitary region. In spinal cord, there was a rostrocaudal/dorsoventral gradient with highest levels observed in the sacral dorsal horn. Serial dilutions of porcine tissue extracts diluted parallel to the porcine standard curve, while the rat and human tissue extracts did not. In all tissues examined by high pressure liquid chromatography, the principal peak of immunoreactivity coeluted with the authentic porcine galanin standard and was decreased by trypsin cleavage. These results suggest a role for galanin in the central nervous system and support species differences in the structure of galanin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue distribution and innervation pattern of peptide immunoreactivities in the rat pancreas.

The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P/tachykinin (SP/TK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) immunreactivities (IR) in the rat pancreas was investigated using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. CGRP, NPY and VIP tissue contents are much higher than GRP and SP/TK concentrations. Peptide-containing nerves are distributed to both the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. However, differences exist in terms of density and targets of innervation for each peptidergic system. In the acini and through the stroma, fibers IR for CGRP, NPY and VIP are greater than GRP- and SP/TK-containing processes. The vasculature is supplied by a prominent NPY, CGRP and, to a lesser extent, SP/TK innervation. VIP-IR is found occasionally, and GRP-IR is never detected, in fibers associated with blood vessels. Around ducts, CGRP- and NPY-positive neurites are greater than SP/TK- greater than or equal to VIP-IR fibers, whereas GRP-containing nerves are not visualized. In the islets, the density of peptidergic nerves is: VIP-, GRP- greater than or equal to CGRP-IR greater than NPY or SP/TK. In intrapancreatic ganglia. VIP- and, to a lesser extent, NPY-IRs are found in numerous neuronal cell bodies and in nerve fibers; GRP-IR is present in numerous nerve processes and in few cell bodies; CGRP- and SP/TK-IRs are detected only in fibers wrapping around unlabeled ganglion cells. The majority of CGRP-IR fibers contain SP/TK-IR. The existence of differential patterns of peptidergic nerves suggests that peptides exert their effects on pancreatic functions via different pathways.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of neonatal somatic and hepatic growth by orally administered epidermal growth factor in rats.

Previous studies have shown that orally administered epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances neonatal intestinal growth and that it may be absorbed in the intestine and bound by other organs. This study investigated whether the ingestion of EGF would be associated with growth of nonintestinal organs. In short-term studies, 87 newborn rat pups were fed artificial formula containing various concentrations of EGF for 39 h. In long-term studies, suckling newborn pups were fed EGF or an equal volume of distilled water for 5 days. The pups fed formula containing EGF for 39 h had a significant increase in hepatic incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA compared with pups not fed EGF. By 5 days of age, 13 pups fed EGF had heavier livers that contained more DNA and RNA compared with 14 control pups. Moreover, EGF-fed pups had heavier hearts and kidneys than pups fed no EGF. These data suggested that ingestion of EGF is associated with the growth of nonintestinal organs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corticosteroid pharmacokinetics in liver disease.

Among the corticosteroids, prednisone is the most commonly used in the treatment of chronic active liver disease. However, its pharmacokinetics have only recently been investigated. Prednisone is effectively absorbed and converted to its active therapeutic derivative, prednisolone, in healthy volunteers and in patients with liver disease; the bioavailability of oral prednisone approximates 100% of an intravenous dose and is comparable after administration of either prednisone or prednisolone. Patients with liver disease and hypoalbuminaemia are more likely to suffer major side effects of prednisone as a consequence of decreased protein binding and delayed clearance of prednisolone. Dosage in such patients should be reduced in accordance with serum albumin concentration.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative serum prednisone and prednisolone concentrations following administration to patients with chronic active liver disease.

Following administration of equivalent oral doses (30mg) of either prednisone or prednisolone to 5 patients with chronic active liver disease who had failed to respond to therapy, 5 patients with chronic active liver disease in remission induced by prednisone, and 7 healthy volunteers, corticosteroid concentrations were measured in both serum and urine by radioimmunoassay. Prednisone and prednisolone concentrations in the urine were very similar in all groups, regardless of the drug given. After either treatment, the peak serum concentration and area under the prednisolone serum concentration-time curve were 4 to 5 times those of prednisone. Slight differences among the 3 groups studied were seen in prednisone and prednisolone pharmacokinetics, but none was significant. It is concluded that the use of prednisone instead of prednisolone to treat chronic active liver disease can not be implicated as a cause of treatment failure. Indeed, this study suggests that either medication is effective, and this is supported by serum concentrations which suggest a rapid interconversion equilibrium between the 2 corticosteroids.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pancreatic polypeptide: a marker for lean non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?

Both basal and postprandial pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were exaggerated twofold in lean NIDDM patients, whereas they were normal in lean IDDM and obese NIDDM patients who were hyperglycemic as a result of partial insulin withdrawal. Insulin infusion from an artificial endocrine pancreas, which resulted in fasting euglycemia and near-normoglycemia postprandially, had no effect on PP responses in any of the diabetic patients. No postprandial PP responses were observed in totally pancreatectomized (TPX) patients. Excessive basal and postprandial concentrations of PP in diabetes appear to be related to both leanness and residual beta cell function and, therefore, potential markers for lean NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Livistona extract inhibits angiogenesis and cancer growth.

In a screen for naturally occurring angiogenic inhibitors, we have identified an extract from the seed of the plant Livistona chinensis, which has potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity. The aqueous extract inhibits the in vitro proliferation of endothelial cells and multiple tumor cell lines including mouse fibrosarcoma and human breast and colon cancer. In mouse experiments, this extract suppresses the growth of the subcutaneous fibrosarcoma tumors. When the seed is separated into different components, the shell including the seed skin appears more potent than the inner kernel in tumor suppression. Our results suggest that the extract from the shell of Livistona chinensis may be a potential supplemental source for cancer treatment.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pharmacokinetics of D-penicillamine in man.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with an amalgamated gold electrochemical detector, to measure plasma and urine concentrations of D-penicillamine, was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of this drug following both its intravenous and oral administration in doses of 800 mg. After iv administration, plasma elimination half-life (T 1/2 beta) was 62.7 +/- 5.3 min; plasma clearance (CI) 560.7 +/- 42.8 ml/min; volume of distribution (Vd), 57.0 +/- 9.3 l; and % D-penicillamine excreted within 24 h, 42.1% +/- 6.2%. Following oral administration, T 1/2 beta was 60.7 +/- 8.2 min, % D-penicillamine excreted within 24 h, 21.2 +/- 2.3%; and fraction of absorption (f) 41.2 +/- 5.5%. Urinary copper excretion paralleled urine and plasma D-penicillamine concentrations.

Copper↗