The modern views on the distribution, morphological and functional characteristics of Langerhans cells (LCs) and their role in the immunological defense system in female genital tract are summarised. Within this tract, LCs are situated mainly in the mucosal epithelia of vagina and uterine cervix. They are surrounded by hormone-dependent and cyclically changing epithelium and are highly sensitive to hormonal and deleterious factors. LCs function as a component of afferent limb of the local immune system. which has special properties as it is modulated by the changing hormonal levels, provides the antimicrobial immunity and is tolerant to multiple immunization with sperm antigens. Perspectives in the study of LCs in female genital tract are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[The functional morphology of the epithelial barrier of the oral mucosa].

Modern notions on the morphology and function of the epithelial barrier of the buccal mucosa are discussed. The basis of this barrier is the epithelial layer, partially covered with horny layer, of a regular thickness and permeability, constantly regenerating, and casting off the injured superficial layers. Nonspecific antibacterial humoral factors (produced by the epithelium and salivary glands) play an important role in the barrier mechanisms, as well as nonspecific cellular mechanisms of defense, due to the presence of intraepithelial granulocytes and monocytes, specific immune humoral and cellular mechanisms including the system of antigen-presenting dendrite cells and lymphocytes, and flow of the saliva containing nonspecific and specific antibacterial factors. The barrier function of the epithelium is provided for by constant interactions between various specific and nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed1997

[New developments in the teaching of histology, cytology and embryology to medical school students in relation to current tasks and achievements in obstetrics, gynecology, andrology and reproductive medicine].

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Cell Biology↗

PubMed1997

[Langerhans cells of the mucous membranes of the digestive and reproductive tracts in laboratory mice and rats].

Using ATPase method, the distribution and morphological characteristics of Langerhans cells were studied in cryostat sections and sheet preparations of mucosal epithelia of alimentary and reproductive tracts of mice and rats. These dendritic cells often make contacts with each other but do not form continuous network. Their population is characterized by marked heteromorphism. In oral epithelium the density of these cells is higher in cheek than in hard palate. In dorsal tongue surface Langerhans cells are prevalent in the areas between the filiform papillae. In esophageal epithelium numerous Langerhans cells are distributed unevenly. In vaginal epithelium, their density depends on the hormonal status, decreasing at high levels of endogenous or exogenous estrogens. The number of Langerhans cells in vagina is decreased in neonatally androgenized females with persistent estrus Langerhans cells were demonstrated in portio vaginalis of the uterine cervix and vulva.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[The optimizing of the teaching of histology, cytology and embryology to the students of a dental department].

Major trends in improving histology, cytology, and embryology training of students of a dentistry faculty are presented. Approaches to selecting the topics and improving the training and control of acquired skills and knowledge are discussed. A most important feature of training is its integration in further medical education.

Cell Biology↗

PubMed1996

[The tissue and cell defense mechanisms of the oral mucosa].

The modern concepts of tissue and cell defense mechanisms in oral mucosa are discussed. These mechanisms include (a) physical barriers (of epithelium and lamina propria), (b) non-specific antimicrobial humoral factors, (c) non-specific cellular defense mechanisms, (d) specific immune humoral and cell-mediated defense mechanisms, (c) saliva, containing both non-specific and specific antimicrobial factors. Special reference is given to antigen-presenting dendritic cells and various lymphocyte subpopulations both in epithelium and in lamina propria. The interaction of different cell and tissue defense mechanisms and their regional variations are briefly characterized.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Tissue of ultimobranchial origin in normal and pathologically altered thyroid gland].

Heterogeneity of the thyroid parenchyma and the sources of development of its main components are considered. The least studied are components originating from the ultimobranchial body to which "the second" system of the ultimobranchial follicles and solid epithelial cell nests belong. The data on the incidence, topography and age dynamics of these nests are presented. Their histochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics are given. Hypothesis on a possible role of solid cell nests as a source of various cell types in the thyroid as well as on their probable participation in the genesis of mixed thyroid tumours is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Histochemical study of lesions in superficial and visceral candidiasis].

Mycotic foci were studied histochemically on various experimental models of candidiasis. NAD-H, NADP-H-diaphorase, acid phosphatase and ATPase were revealed in the fungi, the activity of these enzymes depended on the state of the fungus. Diaphorase activity in the mucous membrane epithelium falls only if it is damaged by massive invasion of pseudo-mycelium. Inhibition of the enzyme activity in the visceral foci (kidney, liver, heart) occurs only in case of pronounced destruction and is not observed at the distance from the fungi. The results do not confirm the idea of fungal secretion of mycotoxins penetrating into the surrounding tissues and damaging them.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1991

[The effect of cytostatics and corticosteroids on the phagocytic and fungicidal activity of the neutrophilic granulocytes].

In vitro tests have revealed that cytostatic agents and corticosteroids, introduced in vivo, produce an inhibitory effect on the phagocytic activity of mouse neutrophil granulocytes and on their capacity for the destruction of Candida albicans blastospores. The action of the above-mentioned preparations may be an important pathogenetic factor which when introduced into the animals, contributes to the development of candidiasis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1991

[Problems for discussion in the development of candidal granulomas in the liver].

Controversial aspects of the development of infectious, in particular mycotic granulomas in the liver of laboratory animals (mice and rats) are discussed. Liver is the organ which is frequently used as a model for studying mechanisms and dynamics of the granulomatous inflammation. A high reactivity of the liver macrophagal system is noted and its ready response by granuloma formation to the bacterial cells, their walls and wall polysaccharide complexes. The expedience of revision of the criteria adopted for granuloma identification is doubted.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Use of contrykal in the prevention of recurrences and metastases of cancer of the upper respiratory tract].

The analysis of data on 96 patients with cancer of the upper respiratory tract showed contrical to improve results of radiotherapy in terms of frequency of recurrence and dissemination. The regimen of administration of contrical is given.

Aprotinin↗

PubMed1990

[The interaction of neutrophilic granulocytes with Candida albicans fungi in the formation of mycotic foci under conditions of immunodepression].

In the electron-microscopic study of the interaction of neutrophil granulocytes with the fungal species C. albicans in the process of the formation of mycotic foci in mice under the conditions of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, mouse leukocytes have been found to retain their capacity for migration to the focus of inflammation and for the phagocytosis of fungal cells. At the same time the fungicidal activity of leukocytes is decreased, which is manifested by the prevalence of viable fungal cells with the partially digested cell wall in the cytoplasm of leukocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Pathogenesis and morphogenesis of candidiasis in immunosuppression].

In this review, the peculiarities of etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of candidiasis in immunosuppression (IS) are discussed. It is noted that in mycotic complications of IS, along with C. albicans other less pathogenic Candida species play increasingly important etiological role. Sequential analysis of development and clinical course of candidiasis reveals that IS has profound effect on the different pathomorphogenetic stages, including fungal adherence to the epithelial surfaces, invasion in the host tissues, hematogenous dissemination and formation of secondary lesions, as well as on histo- and organ pathology, tissue and cellular responses to the pathogen.

Animals↗