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Biomedical subjects

V Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to V Kumar.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Study of human pyramidalis muscle in Indian subjects.

The pyramidalis muscle has been studied in 31 human male cadavers of subjects from Uttar Pradesh (India). The measurements of the length and the breadth have been recorded. The asymmetry in size of the muscles, in the same individual, was found to be significant (p less than 0.05). In view of the available literature of this muscle a speculation could be ascertained regarding its regressive nature in the evolutionary history. Therefore electromyographic studies of this muscle are required to establish its present status in reference to functional utility of this muscle with the anatomy of the linea alba.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1985

Coexistence of red cell aplasia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in a family.

Red cell aplasia is thought to have an immunological basis and has been reported to exist in association with various immunological abnormalities including autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in the same patient. A case is reported of a patient with pure red cell aplasia probably of acquired primary variety; but laboratory tests revealed only slight immunological abnormalities. On the other hand, the mother of the patient had autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. It is believed that such a familial coexistence of the diseases may further support the immunological basis of red cell aplasia.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1985

Origin and differentiation of natural killer cells. I. Characteristics of a transplantable NK cell precursor.

To study the origin and differentiation of natural killer (NK) cells, we developed an assay for the transplantable precursor of NK(YAC-1) cells present in the bone marrow. Mice were depleted of endogenous NK(YAC-1) cells by injection of anti-asialo GM1 antibody, followed by lethal whole body irradiation. Normal syngeneic bone marrow cells were transplanted into such pretreated mice. Regeneration of NK(YAC-1) activity in the recipient mice was monitored by two different assays: the ability of spleen cells to lyse YAC-1 cells in vitro and the ability to clear i.v. injected, 125IUdR-labeled YAC-1 cells from the lungs. With both assays, a dose-response relationship between the number of bone marrow cells injected and the degree of NK(YAC-1) activity generated could be demonstrated. However, the lung clearance assay appeared superior because the NK regeneration could be detected earlier and with lower numbers of injected marrow cells. With this assay, several characteristics of the NK precursors and their differentiation could be defined. 1) The generation of mature, lytic NK cells from their transplantable precursor requires an intact "marrow microenvironment" in the recipient mice, because differentiation failed to occur in mice rendered osteopetrotic by estradiol treatment. 2) The NK(YAC-1) precursors lack the surface antigens (NK-2.1, asialo GM1, Qa-5, Thy-1) that are characteristically seen on mature NK cells. 3) The NK-precursors could be eliminated from the bone marrow with anti-Qa-2 or anti-H-2 antisera + complement, indicating that these two antigens are expressed on the precursors. The relationship between NK(YAC-1) precursors and multipotent myeloid stem cells (CFU-S) was investigated by utilizing W/Wv and Sl/Sld mutant mice. Bone marrow cells of W/Wv anemic mice, although markedly deficient in CFU-S, have a normal frequency of NK(YAC-1) precursors. Sl/Sld mice that lack a suitable microenvironment for the development of CFU-S allowed normal differentiation of NK(YAC-1) precursors when transplanted with normal bone marrow cells. Together, these data suggest that multipotent myeloid progenitor cells, as defined by the CFU-S assay, and the NK(YAC-1) precursors are not closely related.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for determination of IgG in eluates of psoriatic scales.

A solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for determining immunoglobulin G (IgG) in eluates of psoriatic scales is described. Polystyrene balls coated with protein A bound the IgG present in the eluates and in human sera. The bound IgG was then detected by a luminol-coupled goat anti-human IgG conjugate, characterized for antibody, protein and luminol content. This method correlated well with radial immunodiffusion in determining IgG levels in human sera (r = 0.97). The sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 micrograms IgG. Eluates prepared from psoriatic scales treated sequentially with buffers of decreasing pH all contained IgG when tested by this method. pH 2 eluates, however, contained more IgG than pH 3 eluates, suggesting the presence of specifically bound antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lysis of FLD-3 Friend erythroleukemia cells in vitro and in vivo: effect of 89Sr treatment and Friend virus infection.

The effector cells from non-immunized mice capable of lysing 51Cr-labelled FLD-3 BALB/c Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia cells in vitro and cells capable of clearing FLD-3 cells labelled with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-125I (125IdUrd) from the lungs in vivo were characterized and compared with natural killer (NK) cells reactive against YAC-I lymphoma cells. Unlike NK cells, the cells capable of lysing FLD-3 cells in vitro were insensitive to antibodies directed against NK-2.1 or Thy-1.2 antigens (plus complement) and to pretreatment of mice in vivo with silica particles, 89Sr or estradiol. Heat-killed C. parvum organism stimulated anti-FLD-3 effector cells without changing the slow rate (24 h) of lysis in vitro. The ability to clear FLD-3 and YAC-1 cells from the lung was normal and defective, respectively, in C57BL/6-bg/bg(beige) mice and in mice pretreated with 89Sr or estradiol. We conclude that natural cytotoxic (NC) cells lyse FLD-3 cells, Fv-2, which regulates resistance to leukemia induction by Friend virus, does not regulate NC(FLD-3) activity, and the virus does not affect NC(FLD-3) activity during the first several days of infection of normal genetically susceptible mice. However, infection of 89Sr-treated mice inhibits NC(FLD-3) function owing to the activation of suppressor cells. These data suggest (but do not prove) that effector cells similar or identical to NC(FLD-3) cells may function in vivo to resist the proliferation/survival of certain leukemia cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of monkey esophagus antigens reactive with IgA-class antibodies in the sera of dermatitis herpetiformis patients.

Antibodies of IgA class reactive to the lining of the smooth muscle bundles, i.e., endomysium (EmA), are present in the sera of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. These antibodies can be detected on monkey esophagus, a substrate of choice for pemphigus and pemphigoid antibodies. The amount of antigen reactive with IgA-EmA is greatest in the lower portion of the esophagus and decreases towards the uppermost part.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Characteristics of the distribution of emigrant Indian radiologists, pathologists and anesthesiologists in the United States.

We present the results of a questionnaire sent in the autumn of 1981 to all board certified specialists practicing radiology, pathology and anesthesiology who are graduates of Indian medical schools and now reside in the United States. Respondents were asked to indicate their Indian state of birth, the size of the community in which they were born. The location of their medical school, the size of the city in which they now reside and their reasons for emigrating to the United States. The respondents tended to settle in the larger cities of the Northeast and Midwest, filling, to some degree, positions provided by the movement of American trained physicians to the West and South. Most came from urban areas and from the more urbanized Indian states. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and the East Indian states were underrepresented. The limited opportunities for specialty practice at home and the perception of an unmet physician demand in the United States were the twomost important reasons for emigration. Job availability largely determined locational choice in the United States. The distribution of emigrants arriving from 1965 to 1975 were similar to that of a much smaller group of early emigrants. Restrictions on entry of foreign born, foreign trained physicians as prescribed by the Health Professionals Assistance Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-284) mandates that the cohort of young specialists will not be supplemented to a significant extent by future arrivals from the Indian sub-continent. This will create an encapsulated minority of highly trained Asian-Americans. As they grow older their locational choices and integration into American society bears watching.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1984

Vesicular pemphigoid vs dermatitis herpetiformis.

We describe a patient with clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and histopathologic features suggestive of both DH and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Immunofluorescent (IF) studies of skin biopsy revealed IgG and C3 deposits along the basement membrane zone (BMZ) in a linear pattern and circulating BMZ antibodies in the serum consistent with BP. The patient's condition evolved over 5 years into a typical case of DH characterized by histologic findings of papillary edema and neutrophilic infiltrates and evidence by IF findings of granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae and the presence of antigliadin antibodies in the serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

IgA anti-endomysium antibody. A new immunological marker of dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease.

The recently described IgA anti-endomysial antibodies (IgA-EmA) are directed against the intermyofibril substance of the smooth muscle, which may correspond either to a reticulin-like structure or a surface component of smooth muscle fibrils. These antibodies occurred in about 80% of sera of thirty-eight patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), in about 70% of twenty-eight patients with coeliac disease and in about 20% of nine patients with other enteropathies. IgG class anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) also occur in each of these diseases. Both antibodies were detected on monkey oesophagus by immunofluorescence. The IgA-EmA could not be detected in 122 control sera from patients with other gut or skin diseases, including fifteen cases with ulcerative colitis and fifteen cases with linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD). The presence and the titre of IgA-EmA and AGA paralleled the severity of the jejunal changes in patients with coeliac disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A survey of prescribing of psychotropic drugs in a Birmingham psychiatric hospital.

Of 603 patients receiving in-patient or day-patient psychiatric care, one-sixth were taking no psychotropic drugs, but nearly 50% of those receiving medication had a combination of two or more such drugs. Hypnotics and minor tranquillisers were frequently prescribed together with neuroleptics and antidepressants. One-third of all patients receiving neuroleptics received a combination of oral and depot preparations, while half of all patients on neuroleptics were prescribed anti-parkinsonian drugs. One-fifth of patients treated with neuroleptics had a diagnosis other than schizophrenia, and one-third of patients treated with antidepressants had a diagnosis other than affective disorder. A comparison of our findings with those from Oxford show some significant differences, particularly in the use of depot, oral, of combined neuroleptic drugs. An analysis of prescribing could be a useful part of self-audit for hospitals.

Adolescent↗