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V Kriukov

Publications and source records attributed to V Kriukov.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Self-reported physical and emotional health of women in a low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary trial (Canada).

OBJECTIVES: While decreased intake of dietary fat may have significant positive effects on women's health by reducing the risk of cancer and other diseases, little research has been carried out to determine the potential adverse effects of dietary fat reduction. This study compares the self-reported physical and emotional health of 402 low fat intervention and control group participants in the Canadian Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. METHODS: Subjects who had been participating in the dietary intervention trial for at least 2 years completed 3 mailed questionnaires: two designed to assess physical and emotional health (MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ)) and a Health Practices Survey. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the study groups on total scores or any of the subscales/health domains for the SF-36 or the WHQ. In premenopausal women only, intervention group subjects scored significantly lower on the vasomotor symptoms scale, indicating less symptom experience. Frequency of visits to physicians and alternative health practitioners were not significantly different between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that participation in a low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary intervention did not have any detrimental effects on participants' self-reported physical health or emotional well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of a food frequency questionnaire as a screening tool for low fat intakes.

This study tested the ability of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to identify women with low fat intakes. FFQs were completed by 95 control participants of a dietary trial at a mean 2.9 +/- 0.8 years post-randomization. Subjects were selected in approximately equal numbers from women who were low-fat eaters (< or = 30% of energy from fat) and high-fat eaters (> 30% of energy from fat). Percentage energy from fat derived from food records and FFQ were similar in both the low- and high-fat eaters. Percentage of energy from carbohydrate and total grams of carbohydrate (low-fat eaters only) were slightly higher measured by FFQ than by food records, and percentage of energy from protein was slightly lower. The correlation between nutrient intake measured by FFQ and food records for the whole group was 0.74 for percentage of energy from fat, 0.50 for total fat, 0.59 for percentage of energy from carbohydrate, 0.43 for total carbohydrate, 0.53 for percentage of energy from protein, 0.27 for total protein, and 0.32 for energy intake. Correlations were slightly lower when the low- and high-fat eaters were examined separately. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, 0.83, was significantly above 0.5 (p < < 0.001), indicating that the FFQ discriminated between low- and high-fat eaters significantly better than chance. The FFQ cutoff point of 30% of energy from fat had a true positive rate of 0.63 and false positive rate of 0.24. The use of this cutoff point for screening would result in the loss of 36% of potential subjects and an estimated increase in baseline percentage of energy from fat intake of 2.3 percentage points.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A randomized trial of the total design method for the postal follow-up of women in a cancer prevention trial.

Mail surveys have been used to follow-up early participants in a Canadian breast cancer prevention trial. To minimize non-response bias, we undertook a randomized study of two postal strategies, of which one was our usual procedure and the other was a systematic application, known as the total design method (TDM) and described by Dillman. The response rates to the two methods were 62 and 88% respectively. The TDM is a practical, cost-efficient approach to reducing non-response bias in postal surveys and as such has an important role in epidemiological research which involves healthy participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Long-term effects of participation in a randomized trial of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

In 1982 we started a series of pilot studies to examine the feasibility of dietary intervention with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet in women with extensive mammographic densities. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the long-term effects of participation in these studies by assessing nutrient intake and other variables several years after active participation had stopped. Two hundred sixteen women were eligible for the follow-up study and were invited to attend and interview with a dietician. Data were collected by food frequency questionnaire from 157 subjects (73%), and blood was obtained from 115 subjects. Total energy intake was slightly lower in the intervention group. Total fat and percent energy from fat were significantly lower in the intervention group. The intake of all types of fat (saturated fat, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) and dietary cholesterol was lower in the in the intervention group; however, the polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio did not differ between the groups. Total cholesterol and apoprotein B levels were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. Follicle-stimulating hormone was 29% higher in postmenopausal members of the intervention group than in controls, but there was no difference in levels of estradiol. A total of 19 women enrolled in pilot studies had developed breast cancer, 5.7 times the number expected, confirming that the selection of women with extensive mammographic densities does identify a high-risk group. These data suggest that even quite short periods of intensive dietary counselling may have prolonged effects on diet, and that once subjects have adopted new dietary habits, the habits may persist even in the absence of continued counselling.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Mammographic densities as a criterion for entry to a clinical trial of breast cancer prevention.

The most convincing evidence that a factor such as dietary fat is causally related to breast cancer would be obtained from a randomised controlled trial in which exposure to dietary fat intake was systematically varied. A limitation of randomised controlled trials of breast cancer prevention, however, is the large sample size required to detect plausible reductions in risk resulting from the intervention. We describe here experience over a period of 9 years with the use of one risk factor for breast cancer as a criterion for entry to a clinical trial of breast cancer prevention. The risk factor used was the presence of extensive densities in the breast tissue on mammography, which has been found by several investigators to be strongly associated with risk of breast cancer. Using this criterion for selection, 1800 subjects of mean age 46 years were enrolled between 1982 and 1986, and again between 1988 and the present. Throughout this period, the point estimate of annual invasive cancer incidence was approximately 6 per 1000 per year. The observed cancer incidence has been consistently 4-5 times the incidence expected from age-specific breast cancer incidence data for women living in Ontario. These data show that the selection of subjects for a clinical trial of breast cancer prevention using the criterion of extensive breast parenchymal densities does identify a group at substantially increased risk of breast cancer. Use of this criterion for the selection of subjects can substantially reduce the sample size required for a clinical trial of a preventive strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A randomized controlled trial of dietary fat reduction: the retention of subjects and characteristics of drop outs.

We have examined the feasibility of carrying out a randomized controlled trial of dietary fat reduction in women at increased risk for breast cancer. The randomization was either to a control group who were taught the principles of balanced nutrition, but were not counselled to change their fat intake, or to an intervention group who were taught to reduce their dietary fat intake to 15% of total calories from a baseline average of 35% of calories. Potentially eligible subjects were women attending a breast diagnostic clinic who had the mammographic pattern of dysplasia. Subjects were recruited by letter from their referring surgeon followed by a telephone call. Subjects interested in participating in the study then entered by one of two phases. In Phase I, the study was explained, informed consent sought and willing subjects randomized to the intervention or control group. Using this procedure 227 subjects were randomized and 48 (21%) dropped out of the study in the 12 months following randomization. (A drop out was defined as a subject who persistently failed to keep appointments and provide nutrient data.) Of these drop outs, 30 (63%) occurred at or soon after randomization. A modified procedure of entry was then adopted in which subjects interested in the study were first taught the procedures involved, including keeping food records and clinic appointments, and were then asked to provide consent and randomized. Two hundred and eighty subjects were enrolled using this modified procedure and 25 (9%) have dropped out in the 12 months following randomization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative changes in dietary fat intake and serum cholesterol in women: results from a randomized, controlled trial.

We compared observed and predicted changes in serum cholesterol in women with mammographic dysplasia who participated for 12 mo in a randomized, controlled trial of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, in which total fat intake was reduced from an average of 37% of calories to 21% and carbohydrate intake increased from 44% to 52% of calories. Changes observed in serum cholesterol were greater than those predicted (by the formulas of Hegsted and Keys) for subjects with initial serum cholesterol values in the upper tertile of the population, were not significantly different from those predicted for subjects with baseline values in the middle tertile, and were significantly less than those predicted for subjects with initial values in the lower tertile. These results show that the usefulness of serum cholesterol as a marker of change in dietary fat intake in women depends on the distribution of serum cholesterol values in the population studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cyclical mastopathy: an evaluation of methods of assessment.

We have evaluated three methods of assessing patients with cyclical breast symptoms (cyclical mastopathy--CM). One method, a screening questionnaire, was used to identify women with CM, and two others, a symptom severity questionnaire and a daily diary, were used prospectively to record the severity of symptoms in relation to the menstrual cycle. The screening questionnaire was assessed for test-retest reliability and for agreement between the recalled severity of symptoms and those recorded during prospective measurement. The symptom severity questionnaire and diary were assessed by examining their ability to discriminate between pre- and postmenstrual phases of the menstrual cycle, differences in symptom severity at these times being the cardinal feature of CM. Test-retest reliability of premenstrual symptoms by the screening questionnaire gave correlation coefficients over 0.70 for 9 of the 11 items assessed. The symptom severity questionnaire showed significant differences between pre- and post-menstrual scores for 8 of the 11 items assessed and the diary for each of the 2 items assessed. Comparison of symptom severity as recalled and as prospectively recorded showed only modest agreement. These results show that the instruments used to assess symptom severity performed satisfactorily but that the screening questionnaire used to identify women with CM, although reliable, correlated only moderately well with prospective measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fish consumption and breast cancer risk: an ecological study.

There is experimental evidence that fish oils protect against mammary carcinogens in animals. However, there has been little investigation of the possible relevance of this finding to breast cancer in humans. We compared breast cancer incidence and mortality rates with estimates of the consumption of fish and other foods and nutrients in the countries for which reliable data are available. The results showed an inverse association between percent calories from fish and breast cancer rates that was consistent with a protective effect. This analysis confirmed the finding of others that dietary fat is strongly associated with international variation in breast cancer rates. It also showed that of the dietary components considered, percent calories from fish was the factor most strongly correlated with breast cancer rates after statistical adjustment for dietary fat intake. This result is therefore in accord with animal experimental data and suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids contained in certain fish may protect against breast cancer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

Clinical trial of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet in subjects with mammographic dysplasia: report of early outcomes.

Despite evidence that dietary fat intake may influence breast cancer risk, there is little information about the effects of dietary fat on the human breast. We have studied the effects of dietary fat on the breast by examining the influence of dietary fat reduction on mammographic dysplasia (nodular or sheetlike areas of radiological density). Subjects with mammographic dysplasia were randomly allocated to a control group, in which they received advice about maintaining a balanced diet (36% of calories as fat), or an intervention group, in which they were taught to reduce dietary fat to a target of 15% of calories. A total of 295 patients consented to randomization, and after 1 year, 20% of the intervention group and 5% of the control group had dropped out (failed to keep appointments and provide nutrient data). The remaining patients closely adhered to the dietary goals of the study as assessed by food records, chemical analysis of duplicate meals, and serum cholesterol measurements. Comparison of mammograms before and after 1 year of dietary fat reduction shows no significant influence on the extent or density of mammographic dysplasia. Surgical biopsies performed in subjects after entry in the study showed five cancers in the control group and two cancers in the intervention group; this total of seven cancers is four times the number expected. These data show that clinical trials of the effects of dietary fat reduction on breast cancer risk are feasible and that long-term compliance with a low-fat diet can be achieved, and they confirm that the patients selected because they had mammographic dysplasia had increased risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet on symptoms of cyclical mastopathy.

21 patients with severe persistent cyclical mastopathy of at least 5 years' duration were randomised to a control group who received general dietary advice or to an intervention group who were taught how to reduce the fat content of their diet to 15% of calories while increasing complex carbohydrate consumption to maintain caloric intake. Both groups were followed for 6 months with food records and measurement of plasma hormone and lipid levels. Severity of symptoms was recorded with daily diaries and patients were assessed at the beginning and end of the study by a physician who was unaware of their dietary regimen. After 6 months there was a significant reduction in the intervention group in the severity of premenstrual breast tenderness and swelling. Physical examination showed reduced breast swelling, tenderness, and nodularity in 6 of 10 patients in the intervention group and 2 of 9 patients in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Compliance in a randomized clinical trial of dietary fat reduction in patients with breast dysplasia.

Dietary compliance was studied in 57 women participating for 1 y in a randomized clinical trial of dietary fat reduction. Nutrient analysis of food records, collected at 0, 6, and 12 mo, was compared with changes observed in lipid profiles and with chemical analysis of duplicate diets. Both food records and duplicate meals showed a significant decrease in fat intake (from 36 to 23% of total calories, p less than 0.0001) and a significant increase in carbohydrate (from 43 to 56% of total calories, p less than 0.0001) in the intervention group. The calculated nutrient intake from food records tended to overestimate the intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrate compared with the chemically analyzed method. The mean level of plasma cholesterol in the intervention group was significantly reduced (7.3%, p less than 0.01) in the first 6 mo after a reduction in dietary fat but the levels observed did not differ significantly between the groups at any time.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

[Cowpox].

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Nursing↗