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Biomedical subjects

V Kempi

Publications and source records attributed to V Kempi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A study of bile duct dynamics using computer-assisted 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy.

Using computer-assisted scintillation camera imaging bile duct dynamics was studied in 28 patients with a nonvisualizing gallbladder due to acute cholecystitis. Postoperative repeat studies were carried out in 8 of the 28 patients. In half of the studies three accumulations of activity were evident on the 60 added 1-min views. These three accumulations were interpreted as corresponding to the biliary tree. An explanation for the separation of the activity into three depots, is proposed. Analysis of the time-activity curves of the accumulations showed an irregular exchange of activity, suggesting intracholedochal movements of bile. Passage of bile from the common duct into the duodenum was observed 1-7 times during the 1-h studies. In most studies the bulk of the activity was caught by an antegrade peristaltic wave as soon as it left the duct. The activity was then transported rapidly in a medial direction. This finding suggests that relaxation of the sphincter occurs in phase with duodenal peristalsis.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1982

Transient nonvisualization of the gallbladder by Tc-99m HIDA cholescintigraphy in acute pancreatitis: concise communication.

In five of seven patients with acute pancreatitis, Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy failed to visualize the gallbladder. In all five patients the gallbladder was later found to be normal and in three of them normal filling was obtained at a repeat examination performed after the attack had subsided. Transient nonvisualization of the gallbladder in acute pancreatitis is probably due to disturbed motility of the biliary tree.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Determination of bone blood supply with Tc-99m red blood cells and In-113m transferrin in fractures of femoral neck: concise communication.

The uptake of in vivo labeled Tc-99m RBCs and In-113m transferrin was studied in femoral bone of 21 patients who had recent operations for fracture of the femoral neck. Femoral bone biopsies and blood samples were obtained during the operation. The activity values for bone biopsies, erythrocytes, and serum were determined, and the uptake ratios between bone and erythrocyte cpm/g and between bone and serum were calculated. Biopsy samples were taken from the femoral head in 21 cases and from the trochanteric region in 14. The activity ratios for the two tracers correlated well: r = 0.94 for femoral head biopsies (P less than 0.001) and r = 0.98 for samples from the trochanteric region (P less than 0.001). Thus, the procedures are interchangeable and either may be valuable in assessing bone blood supply. An additional patient, studied only with Tc-99m RBCs, had a subsequent operation for nonunion of a fracture. Samples of both cancellous and cortical bone were obtained from the removed head. The activity ratios for the two types of bone tissue differed significantly (P = 0.02).

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis with in vivo 99mTc-labeled red blood cells.

A comparative study of 27 patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis was carried out using 99mTc-labeled red blood cells and conventional X-ray venography. In 22 of the 27 patients with results of the two methods were in agreement; in 12 cases thrombosis was present and in 10 cases it was absent. In the remaining five cases the results of the two methods were at variance. Venography was negative in one patient who had all the clinical signs and symptoms of thrombosis. Scintigraphy was negative in four patients, in three of whom venography showed only minute thrombi. The use of Tc-labeled red blood cells is considered an acceptable alternative for the detection of deep vein thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A radionuclide study on the effectiveness of drainage after elective cholecystectomy.

Passive drainage after elective cholecystectomy was studied in six patients. Their erythrocytes were labeled in vitro with technetium-99mTc and injected via the drain after operation. After one hour, we were able to recover labeled erythrocytes and free pertechnetate from peripheral blood. After 24 hours, a large part of the injected erythrocytes had been evacuated via the drain. In eight patients subjected to cholecystectomy, 99mTc-HIDA was injected intravenously after the operation. In four cases, in which the gallbladder bed was raw, the activity ratio discharge/blood rapidly reached extremely high values. In the other four cases, in which the liver surface had not been denuded, the ratio was much lower. Passive drainage is a useful device for evacuation intra-abdominal bile or hemolysed blood after cholecystectomy, especially when the gallbladder bed has been denuded.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Combined radionuclide circulation and static imaging of the brain. Space-occupying lesions.

Combined static and dynamic imaging of the brain was performed in 398 patients with suspected space occupying lesions. The imaging findings were analyzed from two points of view: Firstly, the radionuclide results were compared with pathological anatomical findings and, secondly, the diagnostic yield in patients with various symptoms was evaluated. Thus we obtained the number of false positive and false negative results. The findings of the combined imaging procedure were correctly negative in 85% of the patients with non-focal symptoms and false positive in only 1%. The circulation study alone gave false positive results in 7% and so did the static study alone. The combined imaging procedure was pathologic in 46 of 83 cases of space-occupying lesions (55%). There were only three patients in whom a pathologic circulation study was the only indication of a space-occupying lesion (4%). The static study alone gave correct positive findings in 23 more cases (28%). We conclude that a pathologic blood flow study alone is of limited interest. In the presence of a pathologic static study the circulation procedure gives additional information, especially in meningioma and subdural hematoma. In patients with symptoms indicative of supratentorial space-occupying lesions of the brain combined imaging is recommended.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1978

Measurement of vesicoureteral reflux with intravenous 99mTc-DTPA compared to radiographic cystography.

The results of a 99mTc-DTPA study of vesicoureteral reflux in 51 children with recurrent urinary tract infections were compared with those of radiographic micturition cystourethrography. Reflux, shown by either of the two methods, was regarded as an indication of the disorder. Neither method was regarded as a standard reference method. Agreement between the two methods was obtained in 90 of 102 renal units, i.e., ureter and/or renal pelvis (88%). Statistical analysis performed on the remaining 12 cases showed that the two procedures usually gave similar results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Nephrotic syndrome due to subacute glomerulonephritis -- association with hydrocarbon exposure?

A 59-year-old man developed a nephrotic syndrome 40 days after hydrocarbon exposure of 3 days' duration. Renal biopsy gave evidence of a subacute proliferative glomerulonephritis. A lasting remission was obtained with immunosuppressive therapy. The case history is discussed in the light of recent studies indicating a causal relationship between hydrocarbon exposure and glomerulonephritis. The reversible nature of the disease in the present case is discussed in relation to the disease in experimental animals induced by a single administration of heterologus antigen.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1976

Effect of flow material ski boots on foot circulation.

The effect of modern "flow material" ski boots on foot circulation was studied. Pressure inside a flow material ski boot was found to be markedly higher than in a conventional ski boot. In some places the pressure exceeded the diastolic pressure in the foot. 113mIndium chloride, which when injected intravenously is bound to transferrin was used for blood pool scanning. In healthy young volunteers the uptake of radioactivity in the two feet--one with and one without a ski boot--was compared. The activity level of the foot with the ski boot was significantly lower than in the other foot. After corrections were made for absorption by the boot, a significant difference remained. Plethysmographic studies were performed with a mercury strain gauge using a ski boot in which a hole was cut over the big toe. No difference was demonstrated between the blood pressure at the leg just above the boot top and at the big toe. The arterial pulse wave at the big toe was altered; i.e., there was an absence of a dichrotic wave. Intramuscular perfusion was studied with 133xenon. The disappearance curve in a foot with a boot was more shallow than that in a bare foot. Unbuckling resulted in an immediate fall in radioactivity, the disappearance curve then becoming identical to that of the bare foot. The results indicate that when flow material ski boots are to be used by skiers who are not in the habit of unbuckling for short intervals, buckle tension should not be too high.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1976

Uptake of 99mTc-tripolyphosphate in thrombotic leg.

Thirtyeight patients with suspected thrombosis in the legs were investigated scintigraphically using 99mTc-tripolyphosphate. The ratio between the activity in the leg with suspected thrombosis and the other leg was calculated. The results were compared with those obtained with phlebography. A pathologically high activity ratio was found in all but one of the 18 patients in whom phlebography showed a thrombus. The ratio was normal in 13 of the 20 patients with normal phlebographic findings. The possible use of the method described as a postoperative screening test is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis with sodium pertechnetate.

Sodium pertechnetate was used to image venous thrombosis in the legs of 20 patients with clinical signs of deep-vein thrombosis. The rate-of-uptake ratios and the activity ratios at 3 min and 4 hr after the injection were calculated. Venography was used as a standard. Discrimination, as well as agreement with venography, was highest for the ratios obtained 4 hr after injection, in which case there were ten patients with a pathologic activity ratio and with venographic signs of thrombosis in the leg with increased uptake. There were six with a normal activity ratio and no venographic signs of thrombosis, but one patient had a normal ratio and abnormal venography.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Combined scintigraphic study of the lung: what does the inhalation study add?

In 175 patients the results of combined isotope studies i. e. inhalation and perfusion scintigraphy were compared with those of chest x-ray. The absorbed radiation dose due to the inhalation study calculated for whole body was 3 mrad/500 muCi, lungs 380 mrad/500 muCi, ovaries 0.3 mrad/500 muCi and testes 0.03 mrad/500 muCi. In 44 of our cases the isotope studies suggested the presence of a vascular occlusion, not detectable on the x-ray film in 36 cases. In the remaining 8 cases the inhalation study was found to add to the precision of the diagnosis. In nearly all other cases it was not found to have any diagnostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

99mTc-DTPA(Sn) dry-kit preparation. Quality control and clearance studies.

The preparation technique for 99m-Tc-DTPA(Sn)-complex has been studied in detail in order to find the optimal conditions for preparation. The concentration of DTPA should be at least 10 mM, and that of Sn(II) less than 1 mM, in order to obtain a reproducible high-labelling yield. A dry sterile kit was prepared of 39.3 mg H-5DTPA and 2.3 mg SnCl-2 with 2H-2O in a 10 ml vial. The 99m-Tc-DTPA(Sn) was prepared by adding the 99m-Tc-eluate to the vial. After 1 min the solution was sterile-filtered and was ready for use. The plasma clearance of 99m-Tc-DTPA(Sn) in man determined by blood-sampling up to 200 minutes after administration shows a good correlation to endogenous creatinine clearance (r plus 0.93). The plasma disappearance curve studied during 24 h is, however, a sum of three exponentials corresponding to biological half-times of 18 plus or minus 8 min, 105 plus or minus 9 min and 17 plus or minus 4 h. The slow third component representing about 2% is assumed to be due to binding of 99m-Tc to plasma proteins. The absorbed radiation dose calculated for whole body is 8 mrad/mCi, kidneys 50 mrad/mCi, bladder 300 mrad/mCi, ovaries 17 mrad/mCi and testes 11 mrad/mCi. This agent is a valuable radiopharmaceutical for renovascular clinical problems. Scintigraphic imaging of the aorta, kidneys, ureters and bladder (for residual urinary volume-determination) could be performed.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1975

Labeling and testing of 99mTc-streptokinase for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.

A detailed study has been made of the method for labeling streptokinase with 99mTc in order to get a radioactive indicator for rapid scintigraphic visualization of thrombi and emboli. The best method found for preparing 99mTc-streptokinase was by reducing 99mTc-pertechnetate with 2 mumole SnCl2 at pH 0.7 and then adding 50,000-75,000 IU of streptokinase at a final pH of about 2. After 1 hr of equilibration the labeling efficiency was 75-80% as determined by the method of gel chromatography column scanning. The dynamic behavior and distribution of 99mTc-streptokinase in different organs was studied in rabbits where a high uptake was found in liver. In a clinical investigation using 99mTc-streptokinase prepared according to this work, however, the liver uptake in man was only 10-20%.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis with 99mTc-streptokinase: a clinical comparison with phlebography.

Nineteen patients with signs of deep vein thrombosis in the legs were investigated with a new technique using (9 9m)Tc-streptokinase. This compound is probably superior to iodine-labelled fibrinogen in detecting established thrombi. The ratio between the activity in the leg with suspected thrombosis and the other leg was calculated. The results were compared with those obtained with phlebography. A pathologically high activity ratio was found in 11 out of 13 patients in whom phlebography showed a thrombus, while the ratio was normal in the remaining six patients who showed no thrombus on phlebography. No negative correlation was found between the activity ratio and the titrated initial dose of streptokinase. The activity ratio as well as diagnosing the presence of a thrombus may also provide a guide for therapy.

Adult↗