Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V K Shukla.
A case of a 28 weeks primary hepatic pregnancy in a 25 year old female is reported. A live male fetus weighing 1300 g was delivered after laparotomy and the placenta was left intact. The uterus was of 8 weeks size with patent tubes. The patient made an uneventful recovery.
Anticatatonic effects of systemic and intracerebroventricularly administered GABAergic agents (GABA, muscimol piracetam, sod. valproate) were studied in rats against perphenazine-induced catatonia. All GABAergic agents, except piracetam, were found to posses anticatatonic actions as they significantly blocked perphenazine-induced catatonia. When these GABAergic agents were administered simultaneously with anticholinergic (scopolamine) or dopaminergic (bromocriptine) substances there was potentiation of the anticatatonic effect. The protective effect of GABAergic agonists and GABA antagonist and its modification by anticholinergic and dopaminergic agents has been explained on the basis of neurotransmitter interaction.
The present study indicates the need for close scrutiny of the immune and nutritional status of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Simple anthropometric measurements (weight and triceps skin fold thickness MAC) serologic testing (serum albumin), ALC, and skin testing are useful to identify patients with immunocompromise caused by nutritional deficiency. Early recognition and correction of immune nutritional deficits in patients undergoing abdominal surgery should lead to reduction in postoperative morbidity due to wound complication.
A study was conducted to see the effect of 15- and 30-day corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 0.25 mg/kg/day) on the metabolism of antipyrine and chloramphenicol in rabbits. Antipyrine and chloramphenicol were given to rabbits orally at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg, respectively on days 0, 15 and 30 of prednisolone therapy. The half-life of antipyrine and chloramphenicol were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) after 15 and 30 days of the corticosteroid therapy. It is concluded that this effect might be due to the induction of liver microsomal enzymes.
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Pretested mail survey questionnaires consisting of four close-ended, six open-ended questions and an "anonymous prescribing" exercise were sent to 612 members of the Cardiological Society of India. This was done to assess their opinion regarding generic prescribing, to record the incidence of generic prescribing for digoxin and furosemide and to evaluate the extent of comprehension of novel terminology like bioequivalence, generic equivalence and therapeutic equivalence. The majority of the responders opted for brand prescribing and mentioned that substitution by a pharmacist was not acceptable. The reputation of the firm, availability and ease of remembering the name, cost and impact of medical representative were, in descending order, the reasons for the option of a specific brand name. The innovator's brand of digoxin (Lanoxin) was prescribed by 59% while 37% wrote the generic name. Lasix was the most often prescribed (77%) brand of furosemide. Comprehension of the novel terms was not related to years of practice or to the place of practice. The need for evaluation of brands encountered by the prescriber in future studies on brand versus generic prescribing has been emphasized.
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The linoleic acid content of serum lipids was measured in 10 paitents with Batten's disease and 11 healthy control subjects by gas liquid chromatography. The fatty acid patterns of serum lipids in this disease may reflect a primary or secondary deficiency in essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) probably related to a glutathione peroxidase abnormality.
A comparative data on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, serum cholesterol and serum fatty acid pattern between Indian immigrants and Danes have been presented. The erythrocyte GSH-Px activity in the Indian immigrants has been found to be significantly increased as compared to that in the Danish group when t-buthylhydroperoxide was used as a substrate. Also a significant correlation (R less than or equal to 0.09) was found in the GSH-Px activities in the Indian group with the three peroxides, viz., hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and t-butylhydroperoxide, used. This correlation was, however, missing in the Danish group. Serum cholesterol was found to be significantly lower in the Indian group as compared to the Danes. Also total serum fatty acid patterns between the two groups differed considerably.
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The present data indicate that a group of ten patients with Batten's syndrome showed reduced activity of erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px) (glutathione: H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.9.) using H2O2 as peroxide donor. Assay of erythrocyte GSHPx using H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide as donors also makes it possible biochemically to divide Batten's syndrome into two types: (1) one type with decreased values when H2O2 and cumene hydroperoxide are used, and (2) one type with increased values when t-butyl hydroperoxide is used. Furthermore an increased content of palmitic, oleic and of eicosatrienoic acid but decreased linoleic acid content was found in serum from patients with Batten syndrome. An inverse relationship between erythrocyte GSHPx and serum eicosatrienoic acid was found in the patients. Finally normal selenium levels were found in erythrocytes, but decreased values were traced in whole blood. In normal human beings a connection was found between the erythrocyte selenium content and GSHPx activity assayed by cumene hydroperoxide as a peroxide donor.
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The present study demonstrates a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes of 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) when the data are expressed as enzymic units per mg hemoglobin and compared to data from normal controls without known family history of demyclinating diseases. Since selenium is an essential part of glutathione peroxidase, this study also compares the topographic differences in selenium availability (expressed as selenium content of forage) withage) iwth the prevalence and death rates of MS in the USA. The comparison cannot exclude the possibility of a relationship between low selenium content and high prevalence as MS. The data are discussed in relationship to current theories on the pathogenesis of MS.
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