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Biomedical subjects

V K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to V K Sharma.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of enalapril on renal profile and right ventricular dimensions in chronic cor pulmonale.

The effect of enalapril in combination with bronchodilators, diuretics, antibiotics and/or steroids, was compared with that of conventional treatment with diuretics, steroids and antibiotics alone in 30 patients of chronic cor-pulmonale. The effect was studied on right ventricular dimensions and renal profile after a period of 6 weeks treatment. The control patients showed a significant decrease of RVIDED and increase in GFR, but the decrease of RVAWT and increase of 'a' wave amplitude was insignificant. However when the ACE-inhibitor enalapril was added to the treatment, there was a significant decrease of RVIDED, RVAWT and an increase of 'a' wave amplitude with a significant improvement in the GFR. A comparison between both the groups showed that the increase of GFR and decrease of RVIDED was higher in enalapril group than controls. The increase of 'a' wave amplitude was also greater in enalapril group. Thus enalapril appears to be of value in chronic cor-pulmonale, where it decreases pulmonary hypertension and thus right ventricular after load. It also decreases renal vascular resistance increasing the renal blood flow, thus improving the GFR.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Association of sorcin with the cardiac ryanodine receptor.

Sorcin is a 22-kDa calcium-binding protein initially identified in multidrug-resistant cells; however, its patterns of expression and function in normal tissues are unknown. Here we demonstrate that sorcin is widely distributed in rodent tissues, including the heart, where it was localized by immunoelectron microscopy to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A > 500-kDa protein band immunoprecipitated from cardiac myocytes by sorcin antiserum was indistinguishable in size on gels from the 565-kDa ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel recognized by ryanodine receptor-specific antibody. Association of sorcin with a ryanodine receptor complex was confirmed by complementary co-immunoprecipitations of sorcin with the receptor antibody. Forced expression of sorcin in ryanodine receptor-negative Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts resulted in accumulation of the predicted 22-kDa protein as well as the unexpected appearance of ryanodine receptor protein. In contrast to the parental host fibroblasts, sorcin transfectants displayed a rapid and transient rise in intracellular calcium in response to caffeine, suggesting organization of the accumulated ryanodine receptor protein into functional calcium release channels. These data demonstrate an interaction between sorcin and the ryanodine receptor and suggest a role for sorcin in modulation of calcium release channel activity, perhaps by stabilizing the channel protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 transcription by cyclosporine.

In searching for a candidate mechanism for the immunosuppressive as well as fibrogenic consequences of cyclosporine usage, we have explored the hypothesis that cyclosporine stimulates transcription of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), a multifunctional cytokine endowed with immunosuppressive and fibrogenic properties. Our results demonstrate that cyclosporine (i) stimulates TGF-beta 1 promoter-dependent transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene in transiently transfected human A-549 cells, (ii) stimulates the synthesis of TGF-beta 1 RNA transcripts in human T cells, and (iii) permits the expression/emergence of DNA regulatory proteins (retinoblastoma control factor-1 (RCF-1) and RCF-2) that bind and regulate TGF-beta 1 promoter activity. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that cyclosporine stimulates TGF-beta 1 gene transcription and suggest a novel mechanism of action of cyclosporine.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Extracellular heparin inhibits Ca2+ transients and contraction in mammalian cardiac myocytes.

The effect of heparin on Ca2+ transients and cell shortening was studied in isolated cardiac myocytes from rat and guinea-pig ventricles. Ca2+ signals were measured with the fluorescent indicator fura-2. Heparin reversibly decreased Ca2+ transients and cell shortening in a dose-dependent manner. Half and complete blockade were obtained with 50microg/ml and 200microg/ml heparin, respectively. The dihydropyridine agonist BAY K 8644 (50nM) antagonized the effects of heparin. However, Ca2+ release elicited by caffeine (10mM) was not affected by heparin. The actions of heparin were also studied in multicellular preparations. In papillary muscle, heparin (5mg/ml) reversibly reduced the amplitude of the plateau of the action potential and the associated peak tension. BAY K 8644 (500nM) also antagonized these effects. It is proposed that heparin interacts with dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels to cause a decrease of Ca2+ transients and contractility in heart.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1995

Papillary fibroelastoma of the mitral valve associated with rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Papillary fibroelastoma of the mitral valve diagnosed and treated in life is extremely rare. There have been eight cases documented so far. We report the first case of a mitral valve papillary fibroelastoma associated with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation with stenosis. The tumor arose from the posteromedial papillary muscle of the mitral valve. The mitral valve was replaced after excising the valve with the tumor and the tricuspid valve was repaired. The patient did well and remains asymptomatic.

Echocardiography, Transesophageal↗
PubMed1995

Intragraft expression of IL-10 messenger RNA: a novel correlate of renal allograft rejection.

A major conceptual advance is the formulation that type I cytokines (such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma) enhance cellular immunity and are host-protective, and that type II cytokines (such as IL-4 and IL-10) dampen cellular immunity and facilitate the progression of infection. We have explored the intragraft expression of type I and type II cytokines during human renal allograft rejection. RNA was isolated from 98 allograft biopsies, and reverse transcription-PCR was used to amplify and identify intragraft expression of mRNA encoding IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-10. Intragraft expression of IL-7 mRNA and TGF-beta 1 mRNA was also investigated. Our investigation demonstrated that: (a) intragraft expression of IL-10 mRNA and IL-2 mRNA are significant correlates of acute rejection; (b) IL-4, IL-7, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression do not correlate with acute rejection; and (c) IL-10 does not prevent in vivo expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-7, or TGF-beta 1. Our studies identify, for the first time, a significant association between intragraft IL-10 mRNA expression and acute rejection, and suggest that treatment strategies capable of constraining IL-10 expression might be of value in the prevention of acute rejection.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Antismooth muscle and antiparietal cell antibodies in Indians with alopecia areata.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata is suspected to be an autoimmune disease. We studied 104 consecutive patients with alopecia areata for the presence of autoantibodies and associated autoimmune diseases. METHODS: A detailed history and examination was carried out in all patients to look for associated atopy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, and thyroid disorders, etc. in the patients or their family members. Venous blood for estimation of fasting and postprandial blood glucose was collected in 30 patients, especially in those with family history of diabetes mellitus. Antimitochondrial (AMA), antismooth muscle (SMA), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antiparietal cell antibody (PCA), and antibody against thyroid microsome (TMA) were detected employing indirect immunofluorescence on a composite section of rat liver, stomach, kidney, and human thyroid. Skin biopsy was processed for direct immunofluorescence by a conventional technique. RESULTS: Disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, urticaria, psoriasis, and seronegative spondylarthritis were associated with alopecia areata in one case each. Antismooth-muscle-antibodies and PCA were found in 36 (34.6%) and 44 (42.3%) patients respectively, followed by TMA in 8 (7.7%), AMA in 6 (5.7%), antithyroglobulin antibodies in 3 (2.8%), and ANA in 2 (1.9%) patients. The incidence of SMA was higher in men with alopecia areata (P < 0.001). Direct immunofluorescence carried out in 24 patients did not reveal significant findings, except for occasional immunoglobulin deposits around hair follicles and blood vessels. CONCLUSION: Alopecia areata in India is associated more often with antismooth muscle and antiparietal cell antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinical pattern of cutaneous drug eruption among children and adolescents in north India.

Various types of cutaneous drug eruptions and the incriminating drugs were analyzed in 50 children and adolescents up to 18 years of age (34 or 65% boys, 16 or 32% girls). Thirteen (26%) patients had a maculopapular rash, 11 (22%) a fixed drug eruption (FDE), 10 erythema multiforme (EM), 6 (12%) toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 5 (10%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 3 (6%) urticaria, and 2 (4%) erythroderma. The incubation period for maculopapular rashes, SJS and TEN due to commonly used antibiotics and sulfonamides was short, a few hours to two to three days, reflecting reexposure, and for drugs used sparingly such as antiepileptics and antituberculosis agents, was approximately one week or more, suggesting a first exposure. Antibiotics were responsible for cutaneous eruptions in 27 patients, followed by antiepileptics in 17, analgin in 4, and metronidazole and albendazole in 1 each. Cotrimoxazole, a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, was the most common antibacterial responsible for eruptions (11 patients), followed by penicillin and its semisynthetic derivatives (8 patients), sulfonamide alone (3 patients), and other antibiotics (4 patients). Antiepileptics were the most frequently incriminated drugs in EM, TEN, and SJS. The role of systemic corticosteroids in the management of SJS and TEN is controversial. We administered prednisolone or an equivalent corticosteroid 2 mg/kg/day for 7 to 14 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Metals in some lagoons of Mexico.

The concentrations of metals, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in some lagoons to establish the level of metal pollution. The lagoons studied were Alvarado lagoon, Veracruz; San Andres lagoon, Tamaulipas; and Terminos lagoon, Campeche. The concentrations were determined in water, oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and sediments. Metals were accumulated in either oysters or sediments. Cu and Zn were higher in oysters and Fe and Mn were higher in sediments. The results in water samples were compared with the limit established by the Secretaria de Ecologia and Desarrollo Urbano Report and briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Lactic acid production from molasses by Sporolactobacillus cellulosolvens.

Sporolactobacillus cellulosolvens (NCIMB 12173) isolated from an anaerobic digester and characterised biochemically is being reported for homofermentative lactic acid production from molasses in a batch culture. The effect of various process parameters on lactic acid production were optimized. A maximum lactic acid (24.2 g/l) and yield coefficient (0.79) was achieved using 3% (v/v) inoculum of 36 h old culture in molasses medium containing sugars (5%; w/v) supplemented with peptone (2.5 g/l) and (NH4)2SO4 (7.5 g/l), pH 6.5 at 40 degrees C after 72 h of fermentation.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMed1995

Study of serum prealbumin and serum alpha fetoprotein in cases of fulminant hepatic failure.

We studied serum prealbumin (SPA) and serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) to assess liver cell injury and prognosis in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). We studied 21 patients of FHF of viral etiology, 10 acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and 10 healthy controls. Initial (on the day of admission) AFP levels were significantly elevated in FHF group (30.28 +/- 63.58 ng/ml, p < 0.01 compared to AVH and control group in whom it was undetectable. Serum AFP correlated well with deranged Liver Functions (LFT). In the Survivors (n = 4) of FHF, serial estimations (on Day 5 and Day 10 of admission) revealed declining AFP Levels, correlating with clinical recovery. SPA on admission was significantly reduced in FHF group (15.10 +/- 9 mg/dl p < 0.05) compared to AVH (37.0 +/- 9.34 mg/dl) and control group (40.25 +/- 5.92 mg/dl). Low SPA also correlated with deranged LFT. Serial estimations in the survivors (Day 5, Day 10) revealed rising SPA which correlated with clinical recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Cardiovascular manifestations in aluminium phosphide poisoning with special reference to echocardiographic changes.

Twenty five patients of aluminium phosphide poisoning along with clinical evidence of peripheral circulatory failure were studied. Chief symptoms noted were vomiting and epigastric pain though subsequently three patients developed respiratory distress. Sensorium was normal in most of the patients. Three patients developed pulmonary edema. Raised JVP, feeble heart sounds and S3 gallop beside tachy and bradycardia were other cardiovascular manifestations observed in these patients. In 80% of the patients, various types of ECG changes were observed. ST-T changes were observed in 40% of the patients. Echo-cardiography on day 1 revealed marked LV systolic dysfunction (mean ejection fraction-43.52 +/- 10.18% and mean fractional shortening 17.35 +/- 4.97%) in them whereas repeat echocardiography on day 5 indicated normalisation of these values (mean ejection fraction 71.64 +/- 8.61% and mean fractional shortening 34.35 +/- 8.23%). This might be because of direct toxic action of phosphine on myocardium and later when phosphine gets excreted either through lungs or kidney leads to improvement in LV systolic function.

Adult↗