Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V K Jain.
An unusual case of dorsal spinal dysraphism in a four year old child is presented. Various abnormalities including diastematomyelia, an extradural arachnoid cyst arising from one of the two dural tubes, and lipomeningomyelocele with a related rib-like bony structure were demonstrated with Iohexol CT and subsequently confirmed at surgery.
A new modified rotation radiation method called "three-dimensional moving field radiation therapy" is described. The new method uses rotation in many planes while maintaining the the same isocenter to achieve a good spatial dose distribution. This delivers a high dose to tumors and spares the surrounding normal structures. This easy method can be carried out using the equipment for conventional rotation radiation therapy. The new method was superior to the one plane rotation radiation therapy using a physical phantom with film, a chemical phantom using the iodine-starch reaction, and a new biological model using tumor cells. Treatment of six brain tumors irradiated with total air doses of 50-60 Gy caused no hair loss or radiation necrosis.
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An optimized chemiluminescent assay for beta-galactosidase using a chemiluminescent substrate AMPGD (3-(4-methoxyspiro[1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-tricyclo-[3.3.1. 1(3,7)]decan]-4- yl)phenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is described. This assay is rapid and sensitive and can detect as little as 2 fg of beta-galactosidase. Its use for the quantitation of beta-galactosidase in cells transfected with lacZ-expressing vectors is described. It is possible to detect a single cell stably expressing lacZ by this technique.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields have been widely used for treatment of non-united fractures and congenital pseudarthrosis. Several electrical stimulation systems such as air-cored and iron-cored coils and solenoids have been used the world over and claimed to be effective. Electrical parameters such as pulse shape, magnitude and frequency differ widely, and the exact bone-healing mechanism is still not clearly understood. The study attempts to analytically investigate the effectiveness of various parameters and suggests an optimal stimulation waveform. Mathematical analysis of electric fields inside the bone together with Fourier analysis of induced voltage waveforms produced by commonly used electrical stimulation wave-forms has been performed. A hypothesis based on assigning different weightings to different frequencies for osteogenic response has been proposed. Using this hypothesis astonishingly similar effective values of electric fields have been found in different systems. It is shown that effective electric field rather than peak electric field is the main parameter responsible for osteogenesis. The results are in agreement with experimental findings made on human beings by different investigators.
Serum copper and zinc estimations in humans were made to find their diagnostic and prognostic value in cases of myocardial infarction. Following infarction, there was an increase in serum copper levels from the first 24 h up to the 7th day, with gradual decline that did not reach the normal value up to the 14th day. The serum zinc levels declined in the first 24 h until the 4th day and increased to the normal value on the 14th day. It is concluded that, for diagnosis of myocardial infarction, serum zinc levels are more useful during the first week and copper levels in the second week after the onset of infarction.
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Total T-, B-, T4-, and T8-lymphocyte populations were estimated in tissue sections of ulcers from 22 donovanosis patients, comprising 17 ulcerogranulomatous, four hypertrophic, and one sclerotic variants, using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemical technique (PAP). T- and B-lymphocytic infiltrations in the tissues were almost identical, without any significant difference in ulcerogranulomatous and hypertrophic variants. The T4:T8 ratio in ulcerogranulomatous variants, however, was 1.41, which was significantly higher than that of hypertrophic variants (1.28), indicating a greater cell-mediated immune response in the former than in the latter. This is substantiated by the documentation of a paucity of Donovan bodies, both in the tissue smear and slow (overnight) Giemsa-stained tissue sections, in the ulcerogranulomatous variant.
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While conducting a study to observe bone marrow cytomorphological changes in multibacillary leprosy, lipid laden macrophages as seen in sphingolipidoses were noted. The present study was planned to observe the occurrence and morphological characterization of these macrophages in various types of leprosy. Bone marrow records from 48 cases of paucibacillary and 72 cases of multibacillary leprosy were analysed. The macrophages accounting at the most for 3.5% of marrow cells were observed in 5 cases of paucibacillary and 43 cases of multibacillary leprosy with a maximum incidence being observed in patients with ENL (16/17). The lipid present in the cytoplasm of these cells could be derived from the lipid of the cell wall of Mycobacterium leprae. To the best of our knowledge, these cells have not been reported in leprosy so far.
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Twenty-five patients with lesions of fixed drug eruption on the oral mucous membrane with or without cutaneous lesions were studied. Seventeen patients showed both cutaneous and oral mucous membrane involvement, while eight patients showed involvement of only the oral mucous membrane. Eighteen cases had bullous and erosive type of lesions while seven had lesions which were edematous and hyperpigmented with an erythematous halo. Diagnosis was confirmed in each case by provocation test. Cotrimoxazole, oxyphenbutazone and tetracycline were the most common causative drugs.
We surveyed 488 physicians regarding their experience with inadvertent ocular penetration with steroid injections over a 5-year period. Sixty-six cases of ocular penetration were reported by the 209 physicians who responded. Of the 18 patients whose retinal status was known, 12 (67%) had retinal detachments resulting from the penetration. Final visual acuities in 85% of the 26 cases were worse than 20/100.
Five of 62 maintenance hemodialysis patients were found to have carpal tunnel syndrome, and another five had prolonged distal motor latencies. Contrary to previous reports, there was no relation between carpal tunnel syndrome and the site of vascular access. Synovial biopsy specimens from flexor tendons demonstrated edema without inflammation, suggesting that extracellular fluid volume excess in the presence of flexion and immobility during dialysis may be pathogenetically important.
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