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Biomedical subjects

V K Gopinath

Publications and source records attributed to V K Gopinath.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Role of protein kinase C in hydroxyapatite- induced phagocytosis by a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7).

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The cells were incubated with HA particles at various incubation time and the levels of PKC activity were determined from the cell lysate. To determine the role of PKC, particles were incubated with the cells pretreated with the various concentrations of bisindolylmaleimide, a PKC inhibitor, and phagocytosis was then assessed at 60 min. Latex beads were used as a control. Our results showed that following incubation with HA particles, the levels of PKC activity in RAW264.7 cells was highest at 7 min and then decreased to reach the baseline levels of the controls at 30 min. Pretreatment of the cells with bisindolylmaleimide significantly reduced phagocytosis of HA particles in a dose-dependent pattern. The results of our present study suggest therefore that ingestion of HA by RAW264.7 cells may depend on PKC activity that may act in the early stages of phagocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Role of nitric oxide in hydroxyapatite-induced phagocytosis by murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7).

The aim of this study was to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced phagocytosis by a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). The cells were incubated with HA particles at various incubation time and phagocytosis was assessed using phagocytic index (PI). NO production from the culture supernatants was determined by the Griess reagent. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was determined by Western blot. The particles were also incubated with cells pretreated with various concentrations of L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL) or L-arginine. Latex beads were used as a control. Our results showed that macrophage phagocytosis induced by HA was higher than that induced by the beads. However, NO production by HA-stimulated cells was lower than that by bead-stimulated cells. iNOS expression in both bead- and HA-stimulated cells was observed expressed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 min. l-Arginine enhanced but l-NIL inhibited both phagocytosis and NO production by HA-stimulated cells. The results of the present study suggest that nitric oxide may play a crucial role in HA-induced phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of growth and feeding practices in children with cleft lip and palate.

Feeding difficulties in cleft lip and palate (CLP) infants is commonly observed and is the most traumatic experience the family has to face. These infants are undernourished and have compromised growth. The purpose of this study was to 1) assess general health and growth parameters in children with CLP and in normal children; and 2) investigate the feeding methods of CLP infants and normal infants. A total of 221 children from birth to six years of both sexes, with CLP (60 children) and normal (161 children) were selected. The CLP and normal children were divided into three subgroups by age. The practice of feeding the infants in subgroup I was assessed using standard piloted questionnaires. The assessment of growth was done at baseline and at six months in all the subgroups.The general well being of the children was assessed by noting the number of common infections. Results showed that a significantly higher percentage of mothers with normal babies (p < 0.01) had a positive attitude towards breast feeding. When compared to normal children, CLP children were more susceptible to infections (p < 0.05) and measured significantly lower on the height growth curve(p < 0.05). Hence, height can be used to monitor growth in CLP children.

Body Height↗
PubMed2004

Amelogenesis imperfecta: enamel ultra structure and molecular studies.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary disorder resulting in generalized defects in the enamel. The case reported here is of a seven-year-old male child with yellow color of all his teeth. Two of his primary molars were extracted due to dental abscess with advanced root resorption. Histologically hypoplastic enamel layer, positively birefringent, generalized pitting, roughness with irregular general cracked borders were observed. Scanning electron microscope, revealed extensive irregular, disorganized rough superficial enamel layer. The enamel was irregularly decussate with filamentous prisms accompanied by small rounded formations. The morphological and histological examination of the tooth revealed that this patient has the features of AI. For genetic study blood sample were collected from the patient and PCR analysis revealed that there is no mutation in exons 1-7 of AMELX gene on the X chromosome of the patient. Hence, it is probable that the AI of this patient is not X-linked. It is more likely to be an autosomal mutation.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMed1999

Assessment and treatment of dental caries in semi-urban school children of Tamilnadu (India).

The study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the prevalence of dental caries, in semi urban school children. The sample comprised of 415 school going children. DMFT/dmft scores were recorded as per WHO 1987 criteria. Mean DMFT was found to be 0.17, 0.06 in male and female children at 3 to 6 age group which increased to 1.21 & 1.10 in males and female in 9 to 12 year age group. Mean dmft at 3 to 6 years was 1.36, 1.17 in male and female children which further increased at 6 to 9 years in both sexes but in the 9 to 12 year age group the value decreased to 1.48, 0.87 in male and female children respectively. The entire sample showed a dental caries prevalence of 58.1. It was noted that the children brushed once a day with toothpaste and toothbrush. Complete oral rehabilitation was undertaken through an incremental school health care programme.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia--a case report.

A case presented here is that of a nine year old male patient with total anodontia. Findings of this case as regards to the orofacial, radiographic and other general manifestations were suggestive of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The dental problems were best managed by prosthetic replacement of dentition taking into consideration a design which would provide adequate relief for the preservation of the ridges which were thin and underdeveloped to the absence of teeth.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1997

The effect of chewing gums on acidogenicity of plaque after a sucrose challenge.

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of chewing sugared, sugar free or gum with therapeutic agents like urea or fluoride, on pH of dental plaque after a sucrose challenge using a microtouch method. The 20 subjects aged 8 to 10 years refrained from toothbrushing for 2 days. Resting plaque pH was recorded, followed by sucrose 10% (w/v) rinse for 3 min. After 5 min chewing gum was given and pH recorded at time points of 5, 10, 20, 30 min. Highest plaque pH was found with Endekay (urea) at all time points followed by fluoride chewing gum; Trident, and Wrigley's (p < 0.0001). Sucrose 10% w/v (control) showed the maximum drop in plaque pH when compared to the rest of the groups. The comparative evaluation has shown Endekay having maximum pH against the acidogenic challenge. Therefore the present study indicates that chewing gum containing therapeutic agents like urea may be recommended in high risk caries children.

Analysis of Variance↗