A dipole mechanism of nervous transmission.
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Action Potentials↗
Biomedical subjects
V Joshi
Publications and source records attributed to V Joshi.
A randomised multicentre study to compare the safety and efficacy of albendazole and metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in children.
A randomised control multicentre study to compare the safety and efficacy of albendazole and metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in children is reported. One hundred and fifty children of either sex (age range: 2-10 years) were randomised to receive either a single dose of 400 mg of albendazole suspension, or 22.5 mg/kg/day of metronidazole in 3 divided doses for 5 consecutive days. At the end of therapy, majority of children in both treatment groups were symptom free. Two days after completion of therapy, 97% of children in both treatment groups were giardia free in the stools. Side effects were noted in 3 children in the albendazole group, and in 20 children in the metronidazole group. We conclude that albendazole suspension is as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of giardial infection in children. It is safe and has fewer side effects as compared to metronidazole.
Albendazole↗
Transovarial transmission of dengue 3 virus by Aedes aegypti.
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Aedes↗
Time budgets of infants for exposure assessment: a methodological study.
The paper presents the application of the microenvironment approach for collection of time budget data to assess exposure of people to indoor air pollution. The aim of the study was to objectively test the hypothesis that exposure to pollutants from combustion of low-grade cooking fuels is a significant risk factor for acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants (0-12 months). One of the specific objectives of this study was to estimate, in the winter season, the integrated daily exposure of infants and their mothers to respirable suspended particles (RSPs) and carbon monoxide (CO). The daily-integrated exposure was estimated by splitting the day into parts called microenvironments identified by the mobility patterns of the infants and mothers. These were so determined such that the spatial variation in the concentration of pollutants during these microenvironments is believed to be relatively insignificant under the given conditions, based on results of past studies and subjective judgement. The time spent in these microenvironments by the infants and mothers was determined by preparing time budgets. Very little correlation was found between the two methods of measurement (recall method and direct observation using a stopwatch) for the total time spent in cooking or time actually near the stove. It was observed that infants in houses using kerosene were near the stove for a duration that is 68% of the total cooking duration, while for infants in wood-using households this duration is only 44% (on the basis of the recall method, these numbers are 84% and 63% respectively). The infants spent more time in the indoor noncooking microenvironment irrespective of the fuel and slum type.
Air Pollution, Indoor↗
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with a renal gastrinoma in a child.
Renal gastrinoma has not been previously reported. A 12-year-old boy with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was found to have a renal tumor. No other tumor was detectable by imaging techniques, and selective venous sampling for gastrin showed a significant renal vein to vena cava gradient. Nephrectomy was performed, and examination of the tumor showed typical histologic features of an endocrine tumor. G cells were apparent by electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase staining for gastrin, neuron-specific enolase, and chromogranin were positive. The gastrin content was unusually low for gastrinomas: 128 pg/g. Following nephrectomy, fasting gastrin and secretin stimulation testing were normal. Basal acidity was reduced by 60% but remained elevated at 39 mmol H +/h (hydrogen ion per hour). We speculate that renal gastrinoma may be characterized by uniquely poor gastrin storage and that curative resection of all gastrinoma tissue may not necessarily be associated with immediate complete suppression of hyperacidity.
Child↗
Evidence against transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) in families of children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Six children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 of their household contacts were investigated serologically for evidence of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the presumed etiologic agent of AIDS. All six children had antibody against HTLV-III/LAV, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in each specimen tested. Of the two mothers studied both were seropositive; one was diagnosed with and died from AIDS. Four of the remaining 10 household members were seropositive, including three adults in groups at high risk for the development of AIDS and one sibling who was younger than the child with AIDS. Among the seronegative household contacts were four foster mothers or grandmothers of the children with AIDS, three of whom had cared for the children since infancy. Household contact with children with AIDS may include persons in groups at high risk for AIDS who have been infected with HTLV-III/LAV. However, the negative findings in household contacts without risk factors for AIDS suggest that horizontal transmission of the virus within households by means other than sexual contact must be infrequent.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Reproductive health and empowerment -- a Rajasthan perspective.
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Asia↗
The single ventricle heart in the fetus: accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and outcome.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fetal echocardiography in evaluating anatomic details of the single ventricle heart and the outcome of fetuses diagnosed with this anomaly. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of 57 fetuses in which the results of fetal echocardiography were compared with the diagnoses at postnatal echocardiography, and postnatal surgical outcome was reviewed. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy was present in predicting morphology of the predominant ventricle, visceral situs, presence of pulmonary or aortic outflow tract obstruction, and presence of obstructed pulmonary venous outflow (sensitivity 100%). However, the ability to predict for a ductal dependent pulmonary circulation was poor (sensitivity 63%). Errors were made in the fetal assessment of ventricular size and viability such that in three cases, postnatal plans were altered toward a two-ventricular intervention. Of the 57 fetuses, intervention was elected in 37 (75%). Termination or nonintervention was elected in 14, and and 6 died before intervention. Of those operated on, 71% are presently alive after various stages of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate diagnosis of the fetal single ventricle heart is possible, and outcome is improving. Caution must be used in judging ventricular size and in predicting ductal dependent pulmonary circulation.
Echocardiography↗