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Biomedical subjects

V John

Publications and source records attributed to V John.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Diagnostic significance of high-filtration xeromammography in relation to radiation hazard and image quality (author's transl)].

The use of additional filtration through 3 mm aluminium enables significant reduction of the radiation dose in xeromammography with the Senographe, compared with conventional xerography, by a factor of 2-3, and, compared with film not requiring an intensifying screen, by a factor of 10-12. The applied tissue doses are between 0.14 and 0.30 rad per exposure. Hence, the radiogenic carcinoma risk, which is still largely hypothetic, is very low as far as this mammographic system is concerned. The high quality of the mammographs guarantees absolute diagnostic safety.

Filtration↗
PubMed1978

[Possibilities of dose reduction in extramammographic xeroradiography (author's transl)].

The soft radiation within the inhomogeneous spectrum of bremsstrahlung, being unable to penetrate the object and not contributing to the build-up of the xeroradiographic picture, only being the cause of additional radiation exposure, is considerably reduced by means of added filters, copper filters in particular. This effect can be demonstrated qualitatively by means of the recorded X-ray spectra. In comparison with the standard record it is possible by hardening of the radiation to reduce the surface dose by a factor 8 at a tube voltage of 120 kV, and by a factor 10 at a tube voltage of 130 to 150 kV if a 0.5 mm thick copper filter is added. The surface dose measured with high-filtration in xeroradiography is within the same order of magnitude as the dose obtained with a conventional film-foil-combination (Cronex 4/Cawo high-definition foil, 75 kV, automatic exposure control, time of development 90 s) and amounts to circa 0.1 R. A loss of information in so-called high-filtration xerograms as compared to conventional xerograms could be excluded, at least with regard to the test object. The practicability of this method e.g. for angiography, particularly angiographic exploration of the limbs, needs further clinical examination.

Angiography↗
PubMed1978

[Chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in breast cancer (author's transl)].

Prolonged L-Phenylalanin mustard Administration and combination chemotherapy as on adjuvant to mastectomy in the management of patients with primary breast cancer and pathologically axillary nods. Lead to improvement of results. L-PAM and CMF have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of women with primary breast cancer, particularly those who are premenopausal. In our trial no improvement of results could be observed by administration of Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide and 5-FU. Experience with both single-drug and combination chemotherapy has shown that the benefit of these treatments, as judged by the disease-free intervall, is restricted largely to premenopausal patients. This suggest that the therapeutic effect is due, at least to cytotoxic suppression of endocrine function. Therefore further prospective trial in this field are necessary.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Efficacy, side-effects, plasma and blood levels of maprotiline (Ludiomil).

Two trials of maprotiline (Ludiomil) were performed in general practice. In the first study depressed patients were given either 75 mg of maprotiline in a single dose or 25 mg three times daily. Assessments of the severity of depression and of side-effects were made initially and following 1, 2 and 4 weeks' treatment. At each assessment measurements of plasma levels of maprotiline were made. A second trial was performed in which some patients receiving 75 mg single dose of maprotiline had whole blood levels of maprotiline assayed. Steady-state levels of maprotiline were achieved after one week but these levels showed considerable individual variability. No clear correlation emerged between clinical response, side-effects and plasma or blood levels. Some of the factors which may be responsible are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A clinical trial of a 50 mg formulation of clomipramine (Anafranil) with steady-state plasma level measurements.

Twenty depressed patients seen in general practice were admitted to an open, uncontrolled pilot trial of a new 50 mg formulation of clomipramine. Treatment was administered for four weeks and clinical progress assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, a new depression rating scale and a new design of a visual analogue scale. Two patients dropped out of the study, one because of side-effects and a second because it was necessary to change the dosage. Of the 18 patients remaining 17 showed significant improvement during the four weeks treatment as assessed by the three clinical measures. Plasma levels of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine were assayed. Steady-state appeared to be achieved between one and two weeks. Between two and four weeks levels of clomipramine varied between 14 and 136 microng/ml with a mean level of 54-6 microng/ml and of desmethylclomipramine, between 3-5 and 344-3 microng/ml with a mean level of 76-7 microng/ml The 50 mg formulation of clomipramine appeared to produced therapeutic levels in 17 of the 18 patients treated. Because so many patients recovered in spite of individually variable plasma levels no correlations between clinical effect and plasma levels were demonstrable. Side-effects were not generally troublesome and were low in incidence. Correlations between plasma level and side-effects were inexplicably negative but rarely significantly so.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infective endocarditis in infants and children.

Due to changing characteristics of infective endocarditis in the past two decades, we, retrospectively analysed 28 cases of infective endocarditis in children of age less than 15 years at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar from December, 1983 to November, 1993. The incidence of disease was observed as 1.5 cases/1000 children admitted with a M:F ratio of 2:1. Three patients were of age less than 2 years (group I) as 25 were above 2 years of age (group II). The two groups had significant difference in portal of entry of infection, infective microorganisms, echocardiography and prognosis. Congenital heart disease was the commonest underlying cardiac lesion in 24 (85.71%) patients. Portal of entry of infection was apparent in 35.71% only; dental route being more frequent in group II. Streptococcus viridans (in 9 cases) followed by staphylococcus aureus (in 4 cases) were the two common organisms isolated. Patients were treated, for a period of 4-6 weeks with a over all mortality rate of 25%. Factors associated with poor prognosis were age < 2 years, staphylococcal infection ad negative blood cultures. Heart failure resistant to medical therapy was a leading cause of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiological determination of femoral rotation deformity--computerized tomography, optimized measurement accuracy and exposure dosage].

58 Patients, suspicious to have rotation deformity of the femur, were examined. To compare the value of diagnostic methods in measuring the degree of malrotation we estimated this degree using clinical examination and calculated the anteversion of the femoral neck, taking radiographs in the technique of Dunn and Rippstein, and a modified method of computed tomography. Only in twelve cases the direction of malrotation was corresponding in all three methods, although considerable variations in quantitative results were noted. Maintaining the exact position of the patient, necessary to get reproducible results using conventional X-ray technique, was impossible in most cases of patients with posttraumatic joint-stiffness and malalignment. Determination of femoral neck anteversion using this modified method of CT is a quick, reproducible technique to calculate the degree of malrotation, insensitive to the position of the patient. By means of this CT method it was possible to approach the highest accuracy in precise preoperative planing. Furthermore the radiation exposure could be reduced in a range of 20%-40%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First report of Q fever in Oman.

Although serologic evidence suggests the presence of Q fever in humans and animals in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, acute Q fever has not been reported on the Arabian Peninsula. We report the first two cases of acute Q fever in Oman.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A technique of occlusal adjustment for food impaction in the presence of tight proximal contacts.

Food impaction occasionally occurs in interproximal sites even though the contacts are tight. In this study of 14 patients with food impaction involving tight contacts, the lack of adequate food escape grooves was common to all 14 sites. Uneven marginal ridges and prominent opposing cusps were less common and, together, made up slightly more than half of the contact sites. An occlusal adjustment technique to create adequate food escape grooves, as well as reduce prominent opposing cusps and correct uneven marginal ridges, completely eliminated food impaction in all but one site. This site achieved an 80% reduction in food impaction. Based on the results of this retrospective study, the lack of adequate food escape groves in teeth adjacent to a contact point manifesting food impaction appears to be the primary factor. Creating food escape grooves adjacent to the marginal ridges eliminates, or nearly eliminates, food impaction in tight contact sites.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pancreatic tuberculosis: case report and review of the literature.

Tuberculosis affecting the pancreas is rare. Its occurrence may pose diagnostic problem in differentiating from carcinoma of the pancreas. It usually is a welcome pathological surprise. A case of tuberculosis affecting the pancreas is reported which presented as a case of obstructive jaundice. The response of the disease to antituberculous drugs is good.

Cholestasis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Duration of the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B serotype 2 carrier state].

Of 168 examined secondary school children from Zagreb, Neisseria meningitidis, serogroup B, serotype 2 was isolated from the pharynx smear taken from 14 healthy carriers, aged 15-18. Carriership was observed during the period of 19 months. During that period the pharynx smear was taken four times so that in total there were five samples from each examinee, with the purpose of finding Neisseria. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, serotype 2 was isolated and identified by using the standard microbiological methods. Serogroup and serotype were identified by the slide agglutination method, and were used group and type specific antisera. Of 14 identified carriers two persons had continuous duration of carriership of N. meningitidis, serogroup B, serotype 2 during the period of nineteen months. In 6 persons over the period of 9 months, in all five samples of pharynx smear the same meningococcus was identified. This epidemiological study has determined the longest duration of carriership of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, serotype 2 described so far in the literature. The role of carriership in the occurrence of the meningococcal disease has not been fully explained.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disposition and metabolism of prinomide in laboratory animals.

The disposition and metabolism of prinomide, the 1:1 triethanolamine salt of 1-methyl-beta-oxo-alpha-(phenylcarbamoyl)-2-pyrrolepropionitrile (CGS 10787B), have been investigated in a number of animal species after single and multiple oral dosing with 14C-labeled and unlabeled drug. After single oral doses of 25 to 50 mg/kg of [14C]prinomide to mice, rats, hamsters, dogs, cynomolgus monkeys, and baboons, radioactivity was excreted primarily in urine, in the form of metabolites. However, in the mouse and monkey, fecal excretion was also significant. In the cynomolgus monkey, a radioactive dose of drug administered after multiple doses of unlabeled drug gave rise to peak plasma concentrations of radioactivity within 1 to 6 hr. Prinomide accounted for approximately 69% of this radioactivity. The terminal plasma half-life of the drug was 24 to 41 hr. Studies in rats with [14C]prinomide indicated that radioactivity was distributed rapidly to all tissues, with the highest levels being observed in blood and well perfused organs and tissues. The lowest levels were detected in fat, eyes, and brain. Tissue levels declined to less than 6% of peak values by 48 hr after dosing, the only exceptions being fat and kidney, which retained 14 and 17% of peak radioactivity, respectively. The metabolism of prinomide was qualitatively similar in all species investigated. Major metabolites identified were the phenyl ring p-hydroxy, M1, and the bicyclic spiro, M2, derivatives of the parent drug. Other common metabolites were M3, the phenyl ring p-hydroxy analog of M2 and a complete rearrangement product in the form of a succinimide derivative, M4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Profilographic studies with 99mTc-pertechnetate in joint diseases in children].

The inflammatory activity of joints can be stated after intravenous administration of 99mTc-pertechnetate by demonstration of an enrichment of isotope. In 85 out of 111 patients (77%) a good accordance between profilogram and clinical finding could be seen. "False positive" results could be found in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, reactive arthritis and juvenile gout. In some cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis the clinical finding is later obvious than the demonstration by nuclear medicine. "False negative" results mainly can be seen at the wrists of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and tendosynovitis as well as in already existing radiological changes of the bones. Differential diagnostical evidences of profilography cannot be expected with the investigation technique used here. It, however, may contribute to assure the diagnosis in non-inflammatory joint diseases ("psychogenic rheumatism", lymphatic oedema).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of carpal tunnel syndrome.

The carpal tunnel was investigated by high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) scanning of two cadavers, two healthy persons, and 20 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome to outline normal and pathologic anatomy. The following changes leading to median nerve compression in the carpal canal were demonstrated by CT: (1) thickening of the transverse carpal ligament with resultant decrease in the volume of the carpal tunnel, thus leading to compression of its contents; (2) synovial sheath "hypertrophy" of the flexor tendons, in which compression of the nerve seems to be caused by an increase in volume of the tissues within the carpal canal due to the thickened synovium around the flexor tendon; and (3) recurrent fibrosis after surgery.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Noninvasive evaluation of extra-/intracranial anastomoses by dynamic CT and Doppler sonography.

In order to find a reliable noninvasive method of evaluating patency and function of extra-/intracranial arterial bypass, pre- and postoperative angiograms were compared with the results of pre- and postoperative dynamic computed tomographic (CT) scans and Doppler sonographic findings. Doppler sonography alone is a reliable method for determining patency and relative function of the anastomosis. Dynamic CT permits qualitative evaluation of cerebral perfusion and, by comparison of pre- and postoperative scans, assessment of the contribution of the extra-/intracranial bypass to the circulation of the affected hemisphere. Combined use of Doppler sonography and dynamic CT provides sufficient information about the postoperative status of cerebral perfusion to obviate the use of conventional angiography in routine cases.

Adult↗