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Biomedical subjects

V I Petrov

Publications and source records attributed to V I Petrov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

A randomized, open-label, comparative, 6-month trial of oral ultra-low doses of antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and diclofenac in rheumatoid arthritis.

Artrofoon (oral ultra-low doses of antibodies to TNF-alpha is a novel drug approved by the Russian Ministry of Health for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess clinical efficacy and safety of artrofoon in RA compared with diclofenac. In a 6-month, randomized, open-label, comparative trial, 60 patients with active RA (eight men and 52 women aged 23 to 62, mean disease duration 10 years) received artrofoon (8 tablets daily, n = 30) or diclofenac (100 mg daily, n = 30). RA signs and symptoms as well as serum levels of inflammatory markers were evaluated before treatment and at months 1, 3 and 6. Most patients in the artrofoon group showed a 20% improvement in major RA symptoms by the end of the study. The clinical effect rose gradually reaching maximum at month 6. In the artrofoon group, 57% of the patients achieved an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% criteria (ACR20) by month 6 versus 20% of those receiving diclofenac. In some patients in the artrofoon arm, serum proinflammatory cytokine levels significantly decreased (> or = 25% reduction). Diclofenac produced a less pronounced clinical effect, and no changes in cytokine profile. Unlike conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, artrofoon produced no adverse effects and the overall tolerability and safety were excellent. A half-dose treatment with artrofoon (4 tablets daily) was able to sustain clinical improvements over a 6-month follow-up period. To conclude, artrofoon is a safe and effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis that acts by influencing the inflammatory process.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

[Lactation mastitis: problems and perspectives].

Results of treatment of 664 patients with lactation mastitis were analyzed. It was demonstrated that Staph. aureus was the main infectious agent of the disease. Antibacterial therapy must be started with cephalosporins and aminoglycosides and corrected after tests for antibiotics sensitivity. In purulent mastitis breast feeding must be stopped, and drugs suppressing lactation should be added. In severe forms of intramammary purulent mastitis semi-oval incision by Rovinsky is recommended. In infiltrative-purulent mastitis it is better to resect the affected part of the mammary gland and apply delayed sutures in 5-7 days. Surgery must be performed by an experienced surgeon and assistant under general anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Efficiency of potentiated antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Artrofoon) in the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Antiinflammatory activity of a new preparation Artrofoon (antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha in ultralow doses) and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug diclofenac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was compared in an open randomized trial. The course of treatment with Artrofoon more significantly improved clinical and laboratory signs in patients with the articular form of rheumatoid arthritis than diclofenac.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Impaza and sildenafil: comparison of clinical effectiveness in patients with erectile dysfunction.

A blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial showed clinical effectiveness of the preparation Impaza containing antibodies to endothelial NO synthase in ultralow doses. Impaza surpassed placebo, but was less potent than sildenafil in the ability to improve erectile function and other parameters characterizing sexual activity of men. Safety of Impaza was greater than that of other test preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The effect of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid dilithium salt on dopamine release and synthesis in the rat striatum in vivo.

The effect of the dilithium salt of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid on release and synthesis of dopamine in the striatum was investigated using microdialysis in freely moving rats. Intrastriatal infusion of 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate, an NMDA receptor agonist, augmented extracellular dopamine to 215% of baseline, while 1 mM dilithium N-acetyl-L-aspartate increased dopamine release to 190% of baseline in rat striatum. Infusion of DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, prior to infusion of dilithium N-acetyl-L-aspartate did not significantly alter basal levels of dopamine, but reversed the dilithium N-acetyl-L-aspartate-evoked elevation in extracellular dopamine. Intrastriatal perfusion with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, an AMPA/kainate receptors antagonist, altered neither basal levels of dopamine nor dilithium N-acetylaspartate-induced dopamine release. When the striatum was continuously perfused with the inhibitor of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride (100 microM), both dilithium N-acetylaspartate and NMDA added to the perfusate increased extracellular 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine, reflecting the effect of the compounds on the biosynthesis of dopamine. The data suggest that availability of dilithium N-acetyl-L-aspartate to activate dopamine turnover and release in the rat striatum may be mediated by presynaptic NMDA heteroreceptors located at dopaminergic neurons.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
PubMed2001

Antidepressant activity of aspartic acid derivatives.

Antidepressant activity of N-phenyl(benzyl)amino derivatives of aspartic acid was studied on various experimental models of depression. IEM-1770 (30 mg/kg) and IEM-1944 (20 mg/kg) exhibited antidepressant activity after single injection in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Antidepressant effect of 14-day administration of these compounds and reference drugs maprotiline (10 mg/kg) and citalopram (10 mg/kg) was confirmed on the model of learned helplessness.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[The EAA-ergic modulation of the brain dopaminergic system as a basis for creating new nootropic agents with stress-protective activity].

The paper provides theoretical evidence for and practical confirmation of the possible use of three lipophilic derivatives of N-acetyl-aspartic acid (EAA-AKF-94; AKF-92-10, and PIR-87-6-0). These compounds were shown to display pronounced nootropic activity to correct behavioral, memory, and cognitive disorders in rats exposed to emotional stress. Evidence is provided for the fact that modulation of monoaminergic brain activity mediated by heterosynaptic activation of EAA receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Effectiveness of the treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with liposomal gentamicin in an experiment].

An in vivo comparative study on penetration of free gentamicin sulfate and liposome-entrapped gentamicin sulfate to macrophages was performed and the efficacy of the treatment of destructive pneumonia was estimated on albino mice. The liposome-entrapped antibiotic was arrested by the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system thus providing higher concentrations of the drug in the organs with high counts of macrophages, the antibiotic retention time in the organs being longer than that after the use of free gentamicin. The use of liposome-entrapped gentamicin in the treatment of destructive pneumonia made it possible to increase the host protection from 17 to 50 per cent.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

[Perforated pyloric and prepyloric ulcers].

Various surgical interventions were conducted in the clinic on 63 patients for perforation of pyloric and prepyloric ulcers. Closure of the perforated ulcer was performed in 8 patients, excision of the ulcer and transverse pyloroplasty in 14, truncal and selective vagotomy in combination with antrumectomy in 6, and truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 3 patients. According to the authors, the operation of choice is anterior seromyotomy of the body and fundus of the stomach in combination with posterior truncal or posterior selective vagotomy and obligatory excision of the ulcer for histological study, and transverse pyloroplasty of the Aust-Holle type which was performed in 22 patients. The indications for radical operations were expanded bearing in mind the peculiarities of the course of peritonitis in patients with perforated gastric ulcers. In addition to the traditional prophylactic treatment of the abdominal cavity, the complex treatment of peritonitis included the use of low-frequency ultrasound during the operation and prolonged laparoscopic prophylactic treatment with low-intensity laser beam in the postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Study of the role of different types of glutamate receptors in spatial memory in rats].

A comparative study was performed to assess effects of different antagonists of glutamate receptors on spatial discrimination of rats in 8-arm radial and water mazes. Noncompetitive NMDA receptor blocker MK-801 in the dose 0.10 mg/kg and higher impaired the accuracy of performance in radial maze, whereas in the doses 0.05--0.30 mg/kg in water maze. Quisqualate IAMPA- and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (2-APB) I antagonists glutamate diethyl ester (250--500 mg/kg) and 2-APB (50--100 mg/kg), respectively, only increased time to complete radial maze performance and failed to alter choice accuracy. Both antagonists at the same doses did not affect performance of water maze task. The involvement of each type of glutamate receptors in different stages of spatial discrimination process in rats was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[New developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of peritonitis].

The authors put forward the idea that a leading factor in the pathogenesis of acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is not inflammation but intoxication approaching in its intensity that of bacterial-toxic shock. The intoxication appears immediately after the catastrophe in the abdominal cavity, results in the microcirculation disturbances in all inner organs, degenerative changes in the small bowel nerves, etc. Damages in the organs due to intoxication develop several hours earlier than peritoneal inflammation which is influenced by the intoxication. The patients die during the toxic stage after the operation not from the peritoneal inflammation which is lacking but from the irreversible homeostatic disturbances with the signs of bacterial-toxic shock. Some tests for postoperative prognosis and treatment scheme are suggested based on the new concepts of AGP. They proved to be useful in the clinics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Clinico-anatomical basis for using the variants of proximal gastric vagotomy in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers].

Anatomical examinations (33 cadavers) for studying parasympathetic innervation of the upper abdominal organs formed the basis for developing a new variant of proximal gastric vagotomy--anterior seromyotomy of the body and fundus of the stomach in combination with posterior truncal or posterior selective vagotomy. This variant excludes mobilization of the esophagus and makes it possible to preserve the ligament apparatus of the esophago-gastric junction as well as the parasympathetic innervation of the pancreas, small and large intestine, kidneys, and adrenals, which may be a measure for the prevention of some ++post-vagotomy complications.

Female↗