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Biomedical subjects

V I Litvinov

Publications and source records attributed to V I Litvinov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Immunology of tuberculosis: current status].

The paper outlines the high-priority trends in basic and applied investigations of antituberculous immunity. It presents the results obtained from studies of the genetic mechanisms responsible for the control of susceptibility in experimental tuberculosis, from analyses of novel chemical and recombinant tuberculosis vaccines, from examinations of the role of immunological memory in the disease. While describing the results of tuberculosis immunodiagnosis, particular emphasis is laid on its major aspects: on the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and other lung diseases and on the screening of high-risk group populations for disease progression in order to made further in-depth studies. Current aspects of evaluating the immune status and nonspecific responsiveness in patients with tuberculosis are considered.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

[Effects of sodium nucleinate on immunological and nonspecific responsiveness in elderly and senile patients].

Sixty-two elderly and senile patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. Of them 32 had multimodality therapy involving sodium nucleinate. The inclusion of sodium nucleinate into a complex of therapeutical measures for the patients promotes improvement of T-cellular immunity. The patients taking sodium nucleinate were also found to have enhanced specific immunity against tuberculosis. In these patients, stimulation of immunity and nonspecific responsiveness is accompanied by the higher clinical benefits of treatment, as shown by shorter periods in abacillation, in the cessation of signs of intoxication, and in the resolution of infiltrative events and in the closure of decay cavities.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

[Mycobacterial antigens and tuberculosis antibodies in the blood and pleural exudate of patients with tuberculous pleurisy].

To enhance the efficiency of treating tuberculous pleurisy, a complex of therapeutical measures was supplemented by the immunomodulator licopid in 51 patients. The control group included 52 patients with pleurisy who received the same treatment regimen without licopid. Comparing the outcomes of treatment has revealed that licopid reduced the time of treatment, promotes the substantial diminution of antigenemia and the production of tuberculosis antigens, improves cell immunity and natural resistance.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1998

[Comparative analysis of two mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and two methodological approaches to determining serum antimycobacterial antibodies].

The glycoprotein (15-18 kDa) antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was affinity isolated on the immunosorbent with monoclonal antibodies S4C1G4 (specific to M. tuberculosis H37Rv; Avdiyenko V. G., Kondrashov S.Yu, Lyashenko S.M.@Probl. Tuberk. 1996, v. 1, p. 6-8 (in Russian). This antigen and PPD (Batch RT 45, Stattens Seruminstitute, Denmark) that was a standard antigen were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by detecting serum IgG antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and control groups of patients with lung diseases other than tuberculosis (bronchitis and/or asthma, pneumonia) as well as healthy volunteers. The diagnostic parameters of specificity and sensitivity for titers and the same parameters for optic density (OD) (in serum dilution with maximum differences for groups of patients and donors) were compared. The new monoantigen method provided 86.11% specificity and 87.87% sensitivity, which were higher those obtained for optic density (63.89 and 80%, respectively). With PPD, the specificity and sensitivity were 58.04 and 78.78 (for the new titer method) versus 50 and 78.78% (OD data). The method error for titer determination was 10% and for standard OD determination was 27%. The new approach offers additional possibilities of enhancing the quality of ELISA for diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

[Immunity of middle age and aged patients with tuberculosis and its changes during multimodality treatment by using T-activin].

Fifty six patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. Of them 30 had T-activin in multimodality treatment. To supplement the agent in elderly and old patients was found to elevate the counts of T lymphocytes and T helper cells, to normalize Tx/Tc ratios, to enhance T lymphocytic activity and IL-2 synthesis. At the same time there was an increase in nonspecific responsiveness: enhancement of NKC activity and IL-1 synthesis by macrophages. With this, stimulation of specific antituberculous immunity took place. Normalization of immunological responsiveness and stimulation of specific antituberculous immunity were associated with enhanced therapeutical efficiency.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

[Use of data bank on tuberculosis patients and of computer program for clinical and immunological analysis].

Three hundred and twenty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were clinically and immunologically compared. The findings support the significance and prospects for using a personal computer while making clinical and laboratory comparisons in different groups of patients for a prompt and objective analysis of available data. Comparative evaluation of the informative value of immunologic tests have indicated that in relation to the major clinical parameters of a tuberculous process, differences are great in those characterizing both T- and B-cell, and specific antimycobacterial immunity. The clinical and immunological findings regarding the specific features of a tuberculosis process may serve as the basis for multidimensional analysis and development of criteria for computer-aided clinical and immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Specific antitubercular immunity in patients with tuberculosis and other pulmonary abnormality: diagnostic value of its study].

A hundred and seventy one patients with revealed rounded lung formations of tuberculous and non-tuberculous origins were examined. Mycobacterial antigens, cellular antituberculosis immunity, and antituberculosis antigens were determined. Cellular sensitization to mycobacterial antigens was found to develop in about 50% of patients with round lung formations of tuberculous origin. This sensitization to PPD was more revealed by BTR rather than by TMR. At the same time, the latter is positive in healthy donors and in patients with non-tuberculous abnormality. Finally it can be concluded that cell tests are little suitable for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis. It was also ascertained that determination of antituberculosis antigens and antigenemia might be a important component of examinations of patients with rounded lung formations in order to make a differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous abnormality as with their determination, high sensitivity and specificity of appropriate tests can be achieved. These tests are more informative for the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis than that of infiltrative tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Use of immunochemical studies to predict the course of fibrous cavernous tuberculosis of lung and postoperative complications in patients on chemo and laser therapy].

A total of 103 patients with fibrocavernous tuberculosis of the lung were examined. They all received chemotherapy, including 3 - 4 antituberculous agents. Laser therapy was performed with a UZOR-2K low-energy semiconductor laser. In patients with profound changes in the serum level of protein, with high antigenemia and antibody production, the course of the disease was found to be poor; X-ray positive changes were achieved to a lesser extent, bacterial expellation stopped less frequently and more slowly. The decreases in the serum content of the proteins tested, in the level of antigenemia and antibody production which occur with drug and laser therapies are also an important factor of preoperative preparation, which is highly effective in preventing postoperative complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Mycobacterial antigens and antitubercular antibodies in patients with tuberculosis salpingo-oophoritis].

Sixty two and 59 patients with tuberculous and nontuberculous salpingo-oophoritis, respectively, and 30 healthy females were examined. It was found that indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using ultrasonography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv could detect antituberculosis antibodies in 66.7% of patients with tuberculous salpingo-oophoritis, and in 10% of healthy females. That using the antigen isolated from the cell wall extract of M. tuberculosis (whose molecular weight was 38 - 42 kD) could reveal them in 70.2, 4.3%, and 6.7%, respectively. After dissociation of immune complexes, EIA inhibition using affinity-purified antimycobacterial antisera displayed mycobacterial antigens in 75.0 and 4.3% of patients with tuberculous and nontuberculous salpingo-oophoritis, respectively, and in none healthy female. Thus, the detection of mycobacterial antigens and antituberculosis antibody may be successfully used in the complex diagnosis of tuberculosis of the female genitals.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1997

[Interaction of Mycobacteria isolated from sarcoidosis patients with antituberculosis antibodies].

In 80% of cases, antituberculosis antibodies from the sera of patients with tuberculosis were ascertained to react in enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with antigens (ultrasound disintegrants (USDs)) of reverse mycobacteria isolated (initially) from patients with sarcoidosis. The USDs of reverse mycobacteria isolated from patients with sarcoidosis reacted in EIA with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against M. tuberculosis complex antigens (unique and crossover). Both common and distinctive (unique) antigenic determinants were detected via MAb against different mycobacterial types by immunoblotting in the antigenic complexes of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and reverse strains isolated from patients with sarcoidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Examining of humoral immunity on mycobacteria antigens in sarcoidosis].

Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens H37Rv and reverse strains previously isolated from patients with sarcoidosis with granular isolates were determined in 50 patients with sarcoidosis (including 16 patients isolating granular types) and 56 patients with tuberculosis, by using ELISA and immunoblotting. Serum antibodies from patients with sarcoidosis were ascertained to more commonly react in ELISA with the antigen (ultrasound disintegrant (USDs) obtained from reverse mycobacteria isolated (initially) from patients with sarcoidosis (AGS) than with the USD of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv (AGT) and, on the contrary, serum antibodies from patients with tuberculosis more frequently reacted with the M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The spectrum of serum antibodies from patients with sarcoidosis greatly differed at immunoblotting with AGS and AGT. There was most commonly a reaction with the antigenic determinants 79, 27, 30, and 50 kDa to AGS and that of the determinants 17, 35, 32 kDa to AGT.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Systematic approach to detection of anti-idiotypic antibodies to antimycobacterial idiotype in man and animals].

ELISA in the sandwich modification was developed to detect anti-idiotypic antibodies to the antituberculosis idiotype of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) S4C1G4 (anti 15-18 kDa H37Rv). Sera immunoglobulins were determined by Staphylococcus protein A capture. F[ab+]2, the MAb fragments S4C1G4 (IgG2a, kappa) and 1.3.3.B5 (IgG2a, kappa), were used as a negative control, which were not recognized mycobacterial antigens and human immunoglobulins. The anti-idiotypic antibody titers were determined in the murine hyperimmune sera during the period of immunization with the MSAb SaC1G4. The method detected anti-idiotypic antibodies in the sera of infected mice and in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It is suggested that this method is applicable while using diagnostic tools.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis: detection of mycobacterial antibodies and antigens.

SETTING: The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based primarily on identification of mycobacteria and on clinical evidence. Recently, serological studies have been widely used experimentally as a diagnostic approach. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to optimize serodiagnosis of tuberculosis by detecting mycobacterial antigens and antibodies in sera from patients with lung tuberculosis, non-related diseases and healthy controls. DESIGN: Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was disintegrated by pressure. Cell walls were extracted with 3 M KCL and were subjected to gel filtration in Toyopearl gel. Immune sera were prepared by immunization of rabbits with cell wall material. Anti H37Rv antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography. The reagents obtained were used to detect serum antibodies and antigens (following immune complex dissociation) using ELISA. RESULTS: Using fraction 6 of cell wall extract, antibodies were detected in 72.2% of TB patients; there were no positive reactions in control subjects. By use of affinity-purified antibodies, antigens were detected in 77.1% of TB patients, 10% of patients with unrelated diseases and 6.7% of healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Effective serodiagnosis of tuberculosis can be achieved only by combining detection of both circulating antibodies and antigens using highly specific purified reagents and immune complex-dissociated sera.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

[Immune status of middle-aged and aged patients with tuberculosis].

After examination of 165 tuberculous patient of presenile and senile age, 150 young patients, 65 healthy presenile and senile donors, 56 young healthy donors it was established that young and aged healthy donors differ by some parameters of T-cell immunity (inhibited blast-transformation response to PHA, reduced number of T-helpers, high suppressive activity of induced Con-A. Young tuberculous patients differ from their healthy counterparts by a variety of immunological parameters (low T-lymphocyte and helper count, poor blast-transformation, increased number of T-suppressors and induced ConA suppression, B-lymphocyte count and serum IgG level). Immunological reactivity is the least in aged tuberculous patients. Compared to aged healthy donors they have reduced number of T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, inhibited PHA response and IL-2 synthesis, greater count of T-suppressors, enhanced induced ConA suppression. B-cell immunity was similar in young and aged patients. Antituberculous immunity reactions were weaker than in young patients.

Adult↗