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Biomedical subjects

V Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to V Hofmann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Phase II study of doxifluridine in advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Doxifluridine, a new fluoropyrimidine derivative, was tested in a cooperative phase II trial by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research in advanced measurable colorectal cancer. The drug was given in a five consecutive day schedule by a bolus intravenous injection at a dose of 4 g/m2 per day and repeated every three to four weeks. Of 42 eligible patients, 40 had no previous chemotherapy. Response was defined in 27 patients having received two or more courses of doxifluridine. Seven responses (26%) were observed. Responses were seen only in sigmoid and rectum primary tumors. Toxicity consisted mainly of leukopenia (53% of the evaluable patients), nausea and vomiting (38%). Other toxicities such as dermatitis, myocardial injury, and hair loss were also observed. Doxifluridine has therapeutic activity, albeit limited, in advanced rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Repeated occurrence of skin necrosis twice following coumarin intake and subsequently during decrease of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors associated with cholestasis.

A female patient is described who developed skin and subcutaneous fat necrosis on two occasions after intake of acenocoumarol. Several months later identical skin changes occurred during an episode of cholestasis associated with a prolongation of the prothrombin time to an extent comparable with therapeutic anticoagulation; intake of oral anticoagulants could be excluded. This association gives new insights in the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the so-called coumarin necrosis and indicates that it may be not due to drug toxicity or allergy.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed1982

[Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance].

In the majority of monoclonal gammopathies it is not possible to demonstrate an association with an underlying disease related to multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, malignant lymphoma or amyloidosis. After a lapse of months to years, however, some patients will develop one of the diseases mentioned. Since no test can identify patients at risk, periodic controls of the M-component are necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Transient reversal of thrombocytopenia in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura by high-dose intravenous gamma globulin.

Since recent observations indicate that treatment with high-dose intravenous polyvalent intact immunoglobulin leads to a rapid reversal of thrombocytopenia in the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) of childhood, we decided to apply this treatment to adults with ITP and to test the possibility that the effect of the immunoglobulin might be attributable to transient blockade of the reticuloendothelial system. Using sequential clearance studies of autologous 99mTc-labeled and anti-Rh(D)-sensitized erythrocytes in four adults with ITP who were treated with total doses of 1 to 1.5 g of immunoglobulin per kilogram of body weight, we found that a transient rise in platelet counts to normal levels within four to five days was accompanied by a marked temporary prolongation of the immune-particle clearance time. These data suggest that commercial intravenous immunoglobulin preparations may interfere with phagocyte Fc-receptor-mediated immune clearance. Since platelets in ITP treated with immunoglobulin were fully hemostatic, this type of therapy may allow surgical procedures to be performed safely in patients with this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fibrin aggregation before sol-gel transition.

Fibrinogen solutions (concentrations 2 mg/ml, 0.15-M Tris-NaCl buffer, pH 7.4) were incubated at 20 degrees C with quantities of reptilase or thrombin that were so small that the polymerization process could be followed for several hours by means of static and dynamic light scattering. The scattered intensity and its correlation function were recorded at scattering angles between 30 degrees and 150 degrees. The measured data were compared with model calculations based on the Flory-Stockmayer distribution, which predicts a sol-gel phase transition. This distribution is characterized by a parameter, lambda, that indicates the extent of aggregation. lambda = 0 corresponds to the monomeric solution, and lambda = 1 indicates the sol-gel transition. Good agreement was found for monomeric units of 75-nm length aggregating (a) end-to-end in the early stage (0 less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 0.3), and (b) in a staggered overlap pattern for the progressing polymerization (0.3 less than or equal to lambda less than 1). Before the gel point was reached, no systemic difference was observed between the data obtained after activation with thrombin which releases both fibrinopeptides A and B from fibrinogen, and reptilase, which exclusively releases the fibrinopeptides A. This confirms that the release of the fibrinopeptides A is the essential prerequisite for the aggregation process.

Batroxobin↗
PubMed1982

Human clonogenic cells in vitro. I. Improved preparatory techniques for the collection and concentration of leukemic colonies from methylcellulose cultures for morphologic, cytokinetic, and histochemical evaluation.

We have developed simple methods for the rapid isolation and concentration of human leukemic colonies for cytologic evaluation. Colonies, grown in a medium containing methylcellulose, are gently washed from their culture dishes after reducing the viscosity of the colony layer. Colonies are washed and concentrated intact by mild centrifugation (10-20 g/5 min). Once isolated, colonies may enter any number of procedures for morphologic and cytokinetic analyses including exposure to radiolabeled compounds, cytocentrifugation, reaction with antibodies specific for certain cell surface markers, and fixation for routine light and electron microscopy. In addition, suspended or smeared colonies may be exposed to various substrates for the demonstration of endogenous enzymatic markers. Examples of possible preparations are presented.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1981

[Ultrasonographic (B-scan) studies of the skull in childhood (author's transl)].

The technical and diagnostic possibilities of two-dimensional echoencephalography in newborns and infants are described. The technique is simple, easy to carry out and avoids irradiation. Real-time ultrasound gives a quick general view of the ventricular system while the details are best performed with a compound scan procedure, 310 investigations in 93 patients are analysed and presented. Sonography should now be the first investigation in infants with possible intracranial lesions. The investigation is particularly valuable in the post-operative control and follow-up of treated hydrocephalus. The most important limitation of the technique is the increasing sound deflection as the ossification of the skull proceeds.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1981

Drug resistance in multiple myeloma associated with high in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine.

In multiple myeloma, tumor cell mass and labeling index correlate with subsequent survival duration, but do not predict for response to treatment. In the present study was have autoradiographically measured the incorporation of 3H-thymidine as determined by the number of grains over the myeloma nuclei in bone marrow aspiration samples. In 33/37 patients with less than 50% tumor regression or progressive disease, the pretreatment grain count was greater than or equal to 20/myeloma nucleus. Conversely, values of less than 20 were found in 27/29 patients who had greater than or equal to 50% cell mass reduction. Survival duration was significantly better than (p less than 0.001) in patients with grain counts less than 20. Sixty percent of the patients with both a low labeling index (less than or equal to 3%) and grain count (less than 20) were alive at 48 mo, whereas 15/17 patients with a high labeling index and grain count had a median survival of less than 6 mo. In a subset of 22 patients, there as a significant correlation between in vitro resistance to melphalan, adriamycin, and vincristine as tested in the myeloma stem cell colony assay system and a grain count of greater than 20. We can only speculate as to the reasons for the increased 3H-thymidine uptake by myeloma cells resistant to treatment, however, it could be associated with accumulation of excess DNA and /or increased unscheduled DNA synthesis following injury from alkylating agents.

Carmustine↗
PubMed1981

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

The ultrasound diagnostics in the vesico-ureteral reflux makes possible: 1. The exact determination of various parameters of the reflux kidney (breadth of parenchyma, size of the kidney, pyelon). 2. In cases of reflux 3.--5. degrees the direct representation by filling of the bladder. 3. The full postoperative judgment of the condition of defluxion, which is of great value in risk patients. 4. The long-term control within the renal dispensary for the exclusion of late stenosations and the morphological judgment of the further development of the kidney. The postoperative intravenous urogramme is restricted to those cases which are sonographically conspicuous. The control MCU of the reflux recidivation will further be necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[The problem of hemoperfusion in poisonings: ineffectiveness in maprotiline poisoning].

A case of self-poisoning with maprotiline presenting with coma stage III was treated by resin hemoperfusion for 9 hours using an XAD-4 resin cartridge. Plasma levels of about 800 ng/ml maprotilin were initially found. After 5 hours of hemoperfusion progredient clinical improvement was noticed without decreasing tendency of the blood drug levels. The theoretical extraction efficiency calculated from the maprotiline blood levels and the perfusion rate yielded 50 mg for maprotiline and 16 mg for desmethylmaprotiline and was in good agreement with 60.5 mg of maprotiline and 17.3 mg of desmethylmaprotiline recovered from the resin cartridge at the end of the hemoperfusion. The in vitro binding capacity for maprotiline was estimated to be 230 mg per g of resin. These results demonstrate that XAD-4 resin efficiently binds maprotiline. However, because of the very low blood concentrations due to the large volume of distribution, whole body concentrations are minimally affected by resin hemoperfusion. Main complications consisted in thrombocytopenia extending over 24 hours after stopping hemoperfusion, anemia, a short initial decrease of blood pressure and an episode of premature ventricular beats.

Anthracenes↗