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Biomedical subjects

V Hess

Publications and source records attributed to V Hess.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Phase I study of carboplatin, doxorubicin and weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin is an active compound in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but adding it to carboplatin-paclitaxel causes toxicity. Toxicity can be reduced by weekly administration. We examined the tolerability of weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin and doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Chemotherapy naïve patients with EOC were treated with doxorubicin (50 mg/m(2) day 1), carboplatin (AUC 6 day 1) and paclitaxel (days 1, 8, 15, 21), 28-day cycle. Three patients were treated at each paclitaxel dose level, starting at 60, 75 and 90 mg/m(2)/week. If more than two patients in a cohort experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) three more patients were treated at the dose level below. RESULTS: Twelve patients with advanced EOC received a median of six cycles (range 2-6) of the three-drug combination. DLT occurred at dose level 3: prolonged grade 4 febrile neutropenia, 1 patient; grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, 1 patient. All six patients treated at dose level 2 experienced short-lived grade 4 neutropenia, which led to dose modifications resulting in an actual delivered dose of paclitaxel of 64 mg/m(2)/week. Eight out of 12 patients had measurable disease on CT scan: four obtained a partial remission; three had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of carboplatin, doxorubicin and paclitaxel in patients with EOC is active and its main toxicity is myelosuppression. Dose intensity of paclitaxel can be maintained in a three-drug combination through weekly administration (65 mg/m(2)).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Not Available].

The historical shift in the function of the hospital from an asylum for the care of the indigent sick to a medical-therapeutic institution is intimately associated with the exploitation of the hospital as a clinical facility. Thus, over the course of the 19th century the space of the hospital and its disciplinary structure was permeated and reorganized by clinical practices. Drawing on the example of the Charite hospital in Berlin, it can be shown how the historical shift in the hospital's outward social function went hand in hand with the creation of a differentiated internal clinical space. In this compartmentalized clinical space the discipline of the hospital was replaced with methods of clinical examination, techniques of observation, and procedures of documentation, all of which helped to transform the hospital into a knowledge-space.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of the isotope dilution method for determination of the ileal endogenous amino acid losses with labelled diet and labelled pigs.

The aims of the present study were first to compare the amino acid dilution method performed using labelled animals with that using labelled diets, and second to determine real digestibilities and total ileal endogenous losses of N and amino acids. Two diets containing pea cultivars (Solara and Amino) and a protein-free diet were compared in a 3 x 3 Latin-square experiment. The three pigs were each prepared with an ileo-rectal anastomosis and were continuously infused with [1-13C]leucine. For each cultivar, 15N-labelled and unlabelled diets were formulated. The real digestibility and endogenous losses of leucine were higher when obtained by labelling the pig than by labelling the foodstuff. This was due either to the inadequate estimation of the endogenous protein enrichment in the first case or to the importance of dietary N recycling in the second case. However, in both cases the ileal endogenous losses of N and amino acids were higher than the basal losses determined with the protein-free diet. There were significant differences between the two pea cultivars in terms of phenylalanine and leucine when measured with labelled diets. It is suggested that, although ileal endogenous losses may be underestimated, using labelled feedstuffs is of great interest due to the direct estimation of the individual amounts of amino acids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1999

[Not Available].

The emergence of a 'norm of normalcy' in 19th century laboratories and hospitals was in no way simply a byproduct of the scientific search for knowledge. It was instead closely associated with expectations of social egalitarianism which merged with the moral economy of a new scientific objectivity. The establishment of normal people as a valid measure for a population socially divided and segregated in estates was thus an essential element of the processes of social formulation which created our modern society.

Health Status↗
PubMed1999

Effects of body weight and feed intake level on basal ileal endogenous losses in growing pigs.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of feeding level, body weight, and time after surgery on basal ileal endogenous amino acid (AA) and N losses in growing pigs. Three pairs of littermate pigs were surgically prepared with ileo-rectal anastomoses. One pig in each pair was anastomosed at 38 kg BW, and the remaining pigs were anastomosed at 67 kg BW. Each pig received at different periods 50, 70, or 90 g of dry matter per kilogram of BW.75 of a protein-free diet according to a Latin square design involving three pigs starting at 45 kg BW and involving six pigs starting at 77 kg BW. For most AA, the time after surgery x feeding level interaction was significant. The basal endogenous losses (in g/d) increased linearly with feeding level at both BW. At the higher BW, the basal endogenous losses (in g/kg DMI) were constant regardless of feeding level, whereas at the lower BW they responded quadratically. At the low feeding level, the endogenous losses were higher than at the medium or high feeding level. We concluded that the basal endogenous losses are proportional to DMI when the feeding level is higher than 70 g/kg BW.75. The AA profile was not influenced by these three variables, but there was a large animal effect. These results suggest that, in digestibility trials, an assessment of the basal ileal endogenous AA losses must be performed on each pig to correct the apparent ileal AA digestibility data.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1999

[Mobile computer-assisted psychometric diagnosis. Economic advantages and results on test stability].

In psychotherapy, there is a rising need to evaluate the therapeutic process and outcome quality. However, the effort for documentation binds manpower and is a burden on economic resources. Hence, we studied the usability of a new by developed, mobile, computer-assisted basis assessment (ComBas 1.3) in comparison with paper-and-pencil versions with respect to its effects on data structure and cost reduction. More than 9000 standardised psychometric tests (personality inventory: Giessentest, complaint checklist: Giessener Beschwerdebogen, mood checklist: Berliner Stimmungsfragebogen) were applied with each method to 1400 psychosomatic patients. It was found that usage of the mobile computer-assisted assessment reduced the time by 2/3 spent on documentation, because data organisation and accessibility for clinical, scientific, and educational needs were significantly improved. Moreover, no differences in stability coefficients and data distribution were seen between the two methods. In trait variables, there was also an equivalence in scale means, but in state variables, especially in complaint scales, we identified a tendency toward higher scale means in computer-assisted measurement. We cannot establish whether this is only a methodical effect or is additionally influenced by changes in samples during the evaluation period between 1989 and 1996. Hence, we concluded that comparison samples for state instruments should be adjusted to the applied test form and actualised for use in individual diagnostics.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1998

Medical semiotics in the 18th century: a theory of practice?

Medical semiotics in the 18th century was more than a premodern form of diagnosis. Its structure allowed for the combination of empirically proven rules of instruction with the theoretical knowledge of the new sciences, employing the relation between the sign and the signified.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1998

The 15N amino acid dilution method allows the determination of the real digestibility and of the ileal endogenous losses of the respective amino acid in pigs.

We assessed the influence of sampling site when using the isotope dilution method to determine ileal endogenous N losses. Three growing pigs were prepared with ileorectal anastomoses and fitted with three catheters (portal, jugular and carotid). A 15N-leucine solution was infused for 24 d, alternating between the carotid artery and the jugular vein. Blood was sampled from the portal catheter and from the systemic catheter not used for the infusion. The pigs were fed successively a protein-free diet, an isolated pea protein diet and a hydrolyzed pea protein diet according to a Latin-square design. The 15N was transferred from leucine to isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine and proline. Free 15N alanine, glycine and valine enrichments were closer to the respective amino acid enrichments in secretory tissues in the portal vein than in the systemic blood. The enrichment of total nitrogen was higher in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction of the plasma than in the ileal digesta of pigs fed the protein-free diet. Lysine enrichment was significantly different from zero in all tissues except muscle, suggesting that essential amino acids can be synthesized by microflora and used for protein synthesis in the host. We conclude that the total nitrogen isotope dilution method is inappropriate to determine the endogenous loss of amino acids. Moreover, the amino acid dilution method should be performed with portal blood sampling. The main limitation of this method is that a number of essential amino acid losses cannot be determined.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

[Not Available].

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Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed1993

[Not Available].

This essay focuses on a moment when in medicine the prevailing static conception of disease was seen from a temporal perspective and conceived as a developmental process. Included in this discourse was Hahnemann's conception of homoeopathy. His conception combined two traditional systems of reading and interpreting signs of illness drawing a direct conclusion from a visible sign to a significant therapy while excluding causal-theoretical reflection about the meaning of signs. The basis of this idea is rooted in the general epistemological structure of the 18th century, in which knowledge was represented in the relation of a sign with meaning or significance. In contrast to the trinary structure of modern semiotics as exemplified by the Peircian terms "object, representamen and interpretant", medical semiotics and knowledge in the 18th century was instituted by the binary semantic relationship of representation. Thus, Hahnemann's roots in the intellectual world of the 18th century not only defined his contribution to the discourse, they may also explain his exclusion after the conceptual change of the early 19th century.

Germany↗
PubMed1992

A quantitative method for measuring antipsoriatic activity of drugs by the mouse tail test.

Topical treatment of the mouse tail with antipsoriatic drugs enhances orthokeratotic cell differentiation in the epidermal scales. We developed a new evaluation system for this test which allows quantification of drug efficacy. Drugs were applied topically, once daily, 5 times a week, for 2 weeks. Two hours after the last treatment the animals were sacrificed, longitudinal sections of the tail skin were made and prepared for histological examination (hematoxylin-eosin staining). As indicator of orthokeratosis (OK), the length of the granular layer per scale was measured microscopically with a semiautomatic image evaluation unit and related to the total scale length (= % OK per scale). Drug activity was defined by the increase in the total length of orthokeratotic regions, 100% activity corresponds to a granular layer extending over the whole scale length. In this model dithranol and retinoic acid dose-dependently increased orthokeratosis up to 75 and 79%, respectively. Beech tar, in a concentration of 5% induced a 19% increase in orthokeratosis. Morphometric quantification by image analysis of the conversion of parakeratotic into orthokeratotic regions in mouse tail scales induced by topical drug treatment seems to be a suitable and reliable procedure to investigate new drugs from which antipsoriatic activity may be expected.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Kinetics of the inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 of urokinase isolated from human urine and recombinant microorganisms. Further evidence for correct tertiary structure of recombinant urokinase.

The specific plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) from human placenta was used to compare the kinetics of inactivation of recombinant urokinase and urokinase from human urine. The inactivation of the enzymes proceeded with identical second order rate constants. The result is considered a further indication of corresponding 3-dimensional structures of urokinases from human urine and of recombinant origin.

Glycoproteins↗
PubMed1984

Antagonism by supidimide of haloperidol-induced augmentation of [3H]-spiperone binding in rat striatum.

Rats were treated for two weeks with haloperidol alone or with additional test drugs and the D2 receptor density in the striatum was investigated after a drug-free period of five days. The D2 receptor system as analysed by [3H]-spiperone binding was best characterized by a model with two binding sites of different affinity and the following constants: KDhigh = 0.13 nmol/l; KDlow = 5.8 nmol/l; Bmax high = 107 fmol/mg prot.; Bmax low = 598 fmol/mg prot. Chronic haloperidol treatment substantially augmented the total binding capacity primarily, if not exclusively, due to an increase of Bmax low. 2-(2-Oxo-3-piperidyl)-1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one-1,1-dioxide (supidimide), a functional synergist of neuroleptics in acute experiments, surprisingly antagonized the haloperidol-induced receptor augmentation, whereas other CNS depressants (diazepam and phenobarbital) were ineffective.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Not Available].

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Clinical Medicine↗