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Biomedical subjects

V Harris

Publications and source records attributed to V Harris.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Hydrocortisone therapy in meconium aspiration syndrome: a controlled study.

To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of infants with meconium aspiration syndrome, a double-blind study using hydrocortisone or a lactose placebo was undertaken. Thirty-five infants were included in the study. No significant differences in arterial Po2, Pco2, pH, A-aDo2 gradients, in requirement for assisted ventilation, or in survival were domonstrated between the groups. In control infants, a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in respiratory distress score was found at 48 to 72 hours of age; in treated infants, it was seen only after 72 hours. The infants in the treated group took a significantly longer (p less than 0.01) period of time to wean to room air than those in the control group (68.9 +/- 9.6 hours vs 36.6 +/- 6.9 hours). On the basis of these observations, hydrocortisone is not recommended for treatment of MAS.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1977

Release of immunoreactive somatostatin from the pancreas in response to glucose, amino acids, pancreozymin-cholecystokinin, and tolbutamide.

The effects of glucose, amino acids, pancreozymin-cholecystokinin, and tolbutamide upon the release of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) from the isolated perfused pancreas were studied. In seven experiments in which glucose was perfused either at a concentration of 100 or 350 mg/dl or at 25 mg/dl, IRS levels were significantly greater at the higher glucose concentrations. In three dose-response experiments in which the perfusing glucose concentration was increased at 30-min intervals from an initial concentration of 25 mg/dl to a final concentration of 300 mg/dl, progressive increases in IRS release were noted at glucose concentrations of 100 mg/dl and above. Perfusion of a 20 mM mixture of 10 amino acids also elicited a prompt and significant biphasic IRS rise in each of six experiments. In five experiments, 20 mM leucine evoked a similar response in mean IRS. Perfusion with 0.075 Ivy U/ml of pancreozymin-cholecystokinin, with or without the presence of a 1 mM 10-amino acid mixture, elicited a prompt rise in IRS with a pattern resembling that of insulin in a total of six experiments. Tolbutamide (0.75 mg/min) also stimulated IRS release in five of six challenges. The IRS responses to nutrients and to pancreozymin and their similarity to the insulin responses raise the possibility that, like insulin, pancreatic somatostatin may have an endocrine role related to nutrient homeostasis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

The effects of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, and the octapeptide of cholecystokinin upon immunoreactive somatostatin release by the perfused canine pancreas.

The effects of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, and the octapeptide of pancreozymin-cholecystokinin on immunoreactive somatostatin release were studied in the isolated perfused dog pancreas. Gastrin at a concentration of 65 ng/ml and the octapeptide of pancreozymin-cholecystokinin at a concentration of 25 ng/ml produced a prompt, but transient statistically significant, twofold rise in mean somatostatin concentration. Secretion at a concentration of 0.3 U/ml and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentration of 58 ng/ml produced a prompt two- to threefold rise in mean somatostatin release, which persisted throughout the perfusion period. With all four polypeptides the pattern of the somatostatin response resembled that of insulin. It appears that pancreatic somatostatin release is stimulated by gastrointestinal hormones that influence the secretion of insulin and glucagon.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Subcutaneous calcium deposition in the neonate associated with intravenous administration of calcium gluconate.

Nine infants who had severe local manifestations following intravenous administration of calcium gluconate are presented. The lesions appeared at the intravenous sites as firm subcutaneous nodules or areas of areas of inflammation with central softening and fluctuation. The interval between appearance of the lesion and calcium administration was 13 plus or minus 2.5 (mean plus or minus SEM) days. Five infants were treated with antibiotics and three of the five had incision and drainage. Roentgenographic evidence of subcutaneous calcification was seen in all cases at the time the lesions were first noticed. In two infants the entire cephalic vein was calcified. Induration and inflammation completely subsided in six infants, four of whom had follow-up roentgenograms showing complete resolution of calcification. A conservative approach in management is recommended.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1975

Assisted ventilation in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome.

In a retrospective analysis of infants born with meconium staining over an 18-month period at Cook County Hospital, 32 infants met two of the three criteria for the diagnosis of meconium aspiration syndrome: (1) history of meconium in the oropharynx or trachea; (2) clinical evidence of respiratory distress; and (3) x-ray evidence of aspiration pneumonia. Seventeen infants developed respiratory failure; nine of these infants died. One infant without respiratory failure died of sepsis. Analysis of sequential arterial blood pH and gas tension showed that nonsurviving infants had persistently high PCO2 and A-a gradient in spite of initiation of assisted ventilation. These changes seem to be related to severe right-to-left shunting and ventilation perfusion abnormalities. The data further suggest that asphyxia and acidosis occur well before the infant is born and that intrapartum monitoring to recognize fetal asphyxia may help in improving morbidity and mortality from meconium aspiration syndrome.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1974

Hepatic autography in uncontrolled experimental diabetes and its relationships to insulin and glucagon.

Exogenous glucagon is known to increase hepatic lysosomes, but the relationships between endogenous glucagon and insulin levels and hepatic lysosomes have not been examined. To determine if the hormones of the pancreatic islets influence the development of these organelles glycogenosomes, dense bodies, and autophagosomes were morphometrically quantitated in normal rats, in rats with mild streptozotocin diabetes with normal hormone levels, and in rats with severe streptozotocin diabetes with hyperglucagonemia, hypo-insulinemia, and clinical evidence of uncontrolled diabetes and ketoacidosis. In the latter volume density of lysosomes averaged 222.8x10(-4) (SEM +/-19.8x10(-4)), significantly above the control value of 75x10(-4) (SEM +/-7.0x10(-4)) (P<0.0005); glycogenosomes were absent in the diabetics, the increase being largely the result of increased autophagosomes. Insulin treatment corrected the hyperglucagonemia, hypoinsulinemia, and other manifestations of uncontrolled diabetes and reduced the volume density of lysosomes to 37.4x10(-4) (SEM +/-2.0x10(-4)), significantly below both the untreated diabetic rats and the nondiabetic controls (P<0.0025). In mild streptozotocin diabetes, in which hyperglucagonemia, hypoinsulinemia, and other evidence of uncontrolled diabetes were absent, lysosomes averaged 77.6x10(-4) (SEM +/-5.5x10(-4)), not different from the controls. A statistically significant correlation between all measurements of lysosomal volume density and plasma glucagon was observed (r=0.79; P<0.001). It is concluded that uncontrolled streptozotocin diabetes in rats is accompanied by hepatic autophagy which may be related to the increased plasma glucagon level and/or the decreased insulin and which is corrected by insulin therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical esophageal duplication cyst: MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in the evaluation of a cervical esophageal duplication cyst in a 9-month-old infant. The value of MR in the assessment of the origin of this cystic lesion as well as the nature of its contents is discussed.

Cysts↗