Biomedical subjects

V Hainer

Publications and source records attributed to V Hainer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Effect of 4-wk treatment of obesity by very-low-calorie diet on anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal indexes.

One-month treatment of obese patients (body mass index, 39.44 +/- 0.94, measured in kg/m2) with a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) resulted in a significant weight loss, which was higher in men than in women. In contrast, the decrease of percent fat content was higher in gynoid obese women than in men or women with android fat distribution. In females fat mobilization was depressed at the thigh region where a substantially lower percent decrement of thigh skinfold thickness was demonstrated in comparison with males. VLCD treatment positively affected blood pressure and concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and cortisol. Total cholesterol-high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio remained unchanged and HDL cholesterol in serum significantly declined. Indexes of body fat distribution were not significantly influenced by the short-term treatment by VLCD except waist-hip ratio, which declined in android obese females. VLCD does not decrease a tolerance of physical exercise, as the metabolic response to submaximal workload on a cycle ergometer as well as the responses of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin remained unchanged after the treatment.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1992

Body-fat distribution and serum lipids during the long-term follow-up of obese patients treated initially with a very-low-calorie diet.

To evaluate a long-term efficacy of very-low-calorie-diet (VLCD) treatment, 42 obese patients were reexamined 1 y after the initiation of the weight reduction by VLCD treatment for 1 mo. All the subjects participating in the long-term outpatient weight-reduction regime were divided into weight losers and regainers according to the weight change achieved at the end of 1-y follow-up. A final body weight decrease in weight losers was followed by a significant decline of total cholesterol-high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio together with significant rise of serum HDL cholesterol whereas almost all skinfold thicknesses declined. In weight regainers the sum of 10 skinfold thicknesses was the same at the end of follow-up as at the beginning of VLCD treatment, but body fat distribution was shifted towards the gynoid type when individual skinfold thicknesses were assessed. However, among the generally employed indexes of body fat distribution only waist-thigh ratio significantly decreased in weight losers. Nonsignificant differences in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides between weight regainers and weight losers at the end of long-term follow-up suggest that some kind of adherence to weight reduction regime including physical exercise may favorably affect the lipid profile as well as body fat distribution independently on the body weight regained.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1990

[Anthropometric study of obese patients].

The authors give an account of anthropometric examinations in obese patients. These methods are used not only for quantitative assessment of the degree of obesity but also to define the body fat distribution. The predominant body fat distribution in the upper body half on the chest and abdomen is typical for android obesity and is, contrary to gynoid obesity, a serious health risk as regards cardiovascular diseases and metabolic complications. The authors describe methods of assessment of body circumference and skinfolds. The degree of obesity is assessed from the body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of total body fat calculated from skinfolds measured by means of a caliper. The type of body fat distributions is usually expressed by the waist/hip ratio or by the ratio between the subscapular skinfold thickness and the skinfold above the tricept ("index of centralization"). Recently some authors advise to calculate by anthropometry also the amount of visceral fat which is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1990

[The effect of euphylline on energy expenditure in obese patients during treatment with a reducing diet].

The energy economy induced by a reducing diet and manifested by a reduced energy output at rest threatens greatly the long-term success of reducing regimes. The authors investigated the effect of a four-week therapy of obese patients by a low energy protein diet with an energy value of 1560 kJ on the resting metabolic rate (RMR), the serum concentration of thyroid hormones and TSH and on the Achilles tendon reflex time. Four weeks' treatment with a low energy protein diet caused a significant drop of the energy output at rest in the control group of obese men (by 17.5%), as well as in the control group of obese women (by 16.9 per cent). In the group of obese women who were given during the last two weeks of treatment depot methyl xanthine derivative, Euphilline (Byk Gulden), the energy output at rest did not decline as a result of dietetic treatment and the decline of the BMI was significantly higher than in the control group of obese women, although the two groups did not differ in the initial BMI, mean age and the degree of physical activity during treatment. With the exception of the control group of men where the serum triiodothyronine level declined, in the investigated obese subjects no significant changes of the investigated thyroid function parameters were recorded. The syndrome of low T3 thus does not participate in a substantial way in the drop of the metabolism at rest during treatment with a low energy protein diet, obviously due to the intake of 50 g carbohydrate per day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Best's calipers modified for examinations of obese patients].

Assessment of the skinfold thickness in obese patients by means of a caliper makes it possible to determine the percentage of total body fat and provides information on the distribution of subcutaneous body fat and thus to characterize the type of obesity. In more severe obesity it is not possible to differentiate reliably by means of classical calipers larger skinfolds, in particular the subscapular and abdominal skinfold which thus makes these anthropometric examinations useless. A newly developed modification of the Best caliper makes it possible to measure reliably the majority of skinfolds in obese subjects as the arm of the caliper can be shifted to a range as high as 90 mm. Best's caliper provides, in contrary to others, the possibility to set a constant pressure when measuring the skinfold. In the discussion the authors draw attention to some methodological problems and the clinical importance of examining obese subjects by means of a caliper.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1990

[A Czechoslovak low-energy protein diet in the treatment of obesity].

The low-energy protein diet providing 1559 kJ is the first accurately defined diet for the treatment of obesity in the CSSR. The daily amount contains 4.0 g fat, 33.0 g protein, 50.0 g carbohydrate, 5.6 g fibre and daily recommended allowances of vitamins. The diet is enriched with potassium, magnesium and iron. The low-energy protein diet was used for a period of 28 days in the treatment of 49 obese patients aged 40.49 +/- 1.39 years whose initial weight was 110.14 +/- 3.41 kg and the BMI 39.44 +/- 1.13. The therapeutic regime comprised in addition to the diet adequate physical exercise of aerobic character and training of correct eating behaviour. Four weeks treatment led to a significant decline of body weight (by 10.60 +/- 0.46 kg) and a significant drop of the BMI (by 3.65 +/- 0.16). Men lost more weight than women. In women a substantial drop of the body weight (90.5%) was due to reduction of body fat, while in men adipose tissue participated by 60.0% in the loss. During the fourth week of treatment a positive nitrogen balance was achieved, obviously due to adequate physical exercise. The waist/hip ratio was not affected by treatment in either group. The therapeutic regime influenced favourably some risk factors of ischaemic heart disease. In addition to a significant drop of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure a significant decline of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and serum insulin occurred. There was a concurrent decline of the urinary C-peptide excretion. The therapeutic regime involving the low-energy protein diet was well tolerated by the patients. The incidence of side effects during treatment was less frequent than in treatment by intermittent fasts. No disorders of the cardiac rhythm were recorded during treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[A low-energy protein diet--its effect on lipid and protein metabolism].

The Czechoslovak low-energy protein diet contains 1559 kj per day, incl. 33.0 g protein, 50 g carbohydrate, 4.0 g fat, 6.0 g fibre and recommended vitamin and mineral allowances. The diet was administered to 75 subjects with a mean age of 39.88 +/- 1.21 years and a body weight of 112.57 +/- 2.89 kg, and a body weight index (BMI) of 39.44 +/- 0.94, for 28 days. During treatment the body weight declined by 9.67 +/- 0.41 kg and the BMI by 3.74 +/- 0.20. At the same time there was a significant decline of the total cholesterol (p less than 0.001), LDL cholesterol (p less than 0.001), HDL cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and triacylglycerols (p less than 0.05). In 20 subjects with hyperlipidaemia similar changes of the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were recorded, while the decrease of HDL cholesterol (p less than 0.001) and triacylglycerols (p less than 0.001) was more marked. The nitrogen balance became during the fourth week on the diet positive (+0.64 g), there was a transitory decline of the total protein concentration. The serum amino acid concentration did not change significantly with the exception of isoleucine, the level of which increased. The serum immunoglobulin concentration did not change significantly. It may be concluded that the low-energy protein diet has a favourable impact on the lipid metabolism, without a marked negative effect on the protein metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The effect of a short-term reducing regimen on hormonal secretion in obese patients].

A twelve-day reducing regime involving exercise and a reducing diet (2.5 MJ/day), led in 23 obese women to an average loss of body weight of 4.52 +/- 0.35 kg. The loss of adipose tissue during the reducing regime was greater than the total loss of body weight, obviously due to proliferation of lean body mass as a result of exercise. Concurrently a significant decline of the mean morning concentration of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, C-peptide and STH in serum was recorded, while the concentration of TSH, cortisol, prolactin, LH and FSH increased insignificantly and the concentration of insulin and testosterone declined insignificantly. Exercise thus did not prevent a decline of triiodothyronine induced by the low energy diet. The exercise in the morning did not cause a stress conditioned increase of the secretion of cortisol, prolactin and STH at the onset and at the end of the reducing regime. From the metabolic aspect the favourable absence of the stimulating action of exercise on cortisol secretion is due to the character of motor activity (40-50% VO2max). The absence of a stress conditioned rise of prolactin during exercise prevents the inhibiting action of prolactin on gonadal functions. The reducing regime has also a favourable effect on insulin secretion, as on the 12th day of the reducing regime there was a significant decline of the serum level of immunoreactive insulin in the course of exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Very low energy formula diet in the treatment of obesity.

A new very low energy formula diet containing 1560 kJ (373 kcal) per day was employed in the treatment of 49 obese patients. The treatment, of 4 weeks duration, included aerobic physical exercise and behavioural intervention. This kind of therapy resulted in a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) of both weight (-10.60 +/- 0.46 kg) and body mass index (-3.36 +/- 0.16). The fat stores represented 90.5 per cent of weight loss in women and 60.0 per cent of weight loss in men. The first very low energy formula diet produced in Czechoslovakia proved to be an efficient and safe tool for the treatment of obesity, positively affecting high blood pressure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the absence of serious side-effects.

Adult↗

PubMed1988