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Biomedical subjects

V Hájek

Publications and source records attributed to V Hájek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Identification of Staphylococcus aureus based on PCR amplification of species specific genomic 826 bp sequence derived from a common 44-kb Sma I restriction fragment.

Primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplification of a genomic sequence specific to Staphylococcus aureus strains. The sequence corresponds to a part of the 44-kb Sma I fragment (fragment L on the S. aureus NCTC 8325 restriction map) which was found to be common to strains of the S. aureus species (Pantůcek et al 1996, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 46: 216-222). The labelled 44-kb Sma I restriction fragment derived from S. aureus NCTC 8325-4 was hybridized to the Eco RI restriction patterns of genomic DNA from 13 strains representing different macrorestriction types of S. aureus subsp. aureus. This made it possible to reveal the 2052 bp Eco RI restriction subfragment and to demonstrate its presence in all the tested strains. From the sequence of this subfragment, primers were designed by means of which the 826 bp amplicons were obtained in all 216 tested strains of S. aureus. No hybridization and PCR-products were observed in 40 collection strains of other staphylococcal species and subspecies as well as in 45 clinical strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci. These results lead us to the conclusion that the use of the above primers makes it possible to identify rapidly and reliably S. aureus strains of various provenance and different genotypes.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed2001

Occurrence of variants with temperature-dependent susceptibility (TDS) to antibiotics among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains.

Susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested in 104 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains at 37 and 30 degrees C by means of a dilution micromethod to verify the phenomenon of temperature-dependent susceptibility (TDS). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pefloxacin and ofloxacin were the most active preparations at 37 degrees C (93, 90, and 86% of susceptible strains, respectively), whilst trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefoperazone-sulbactam and pefloxacin performed best at 30 degrees C (94, 94, and 76% of susceptible strains, respectively). Variants 37TDS (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, of tested antibiotics at least 4-times lower at 37 than at 30 degrees C) occurred in 60%. Variants 30TDS (at least 4-times lower value of MIC at 30 than at 37 degrees C) were found in 7.7%. Both variants in susceptibility to tested antibiotics appeared in 23.1%, whilst neither of them was observed in 9.6%. The 37TDS phenomenon was recorded most of all with gentamicin (51% of strains), amikacin (47), colistin (44) and tetracycline (34). The 30TDS phenomenon was found particularly with cefoperazone-sulbactam (16.0% of strains) and colistin (10.0%). The above phenomena may be due to changes in membrane permeability, temperature-dependent ribosomal changes, and insufficient adaptation to higher temperatures of some strains of the originally environmental species S. maltophilia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Development of bacterial resistance to the third generation cephalosporins and their clinical use.

Development of Gram-negative rods resistance to the third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone) in connection with their application at the University Hospital in Olomouc was evaluated in this study. The highest increase in resistance to cefotaxime was detected in Enterobacter cloacae (from 22.9% in 1995 to 49.0% in 1997) and Enterobacter agglomerans strains (28.0% - 40.5%). In addition, increased resistance to ceftazidime in Acinetobacter baumannii (12.5% - 35.1%), Enterobacter aerogenes (7.4% - 20.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (16.7% - 47.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.0% - 26.3%) was observed. Finally, the greatest increase in frequency of strains resistant to cefoperazone was observed in E. aerogenes (18.4% - 30.1%), E. agglomerans (31.0% - 52.3%), E. cloacae (35.5% - 47.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (26.5% - 53.2%). A 23.5% increase in third generation cephalosporin use was evident by evaluation of RDDD(ATB) parameters in 1996 and 1997. Corresponding values for individual antibiotics were 26.5% cefotaxime, 20.7% ceftriaxone, and 40.3% ceftazidime increase. However, cefoperazone use decreased by 10.9%.

Cefoperazone↗
PubMed1999

[Immunomodulation of recurrent urinary tract infections with Urvakol vaccine].

The authors present the results of the URVAKOL vaccine use in clinical practice. The vaccine was administered in the treatment of recurrent cystitis, persistent lower urinary tract infection, chronic pyelonephritis and prostatovesiculitis. The clinical efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by detection of bacteria and leukocytes in the urine, subjective complaints, skin tests and the assessment of selected specific and nonspecific immunity parameters in the urine and saliva. Significantly positive clinical and laboratory responses were observed in patients with uncomplicated cystitis. In the group of persistent urinary tract infections excellent responses were detected in one half of the patients. The remainder half stated disappearance of subjective complaints, but with persistence of pyuria or bacteriuria. Similar results of "improvement" were observed in 10 patients with chronic pyelonephritis. There were no changes of the clinical state observed in patients with chronic prostatitis. (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 7.)

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Characteristics of Acinetobacter strains (phenotype classification, antibiotic susceptibility and production of beta-lactamases) isolated from haemocultures from patients at the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc.

A total of 85 strains of the genus Acinetobacter were isolated from haemocultures at the Institute of Microbiology of the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc over the period January 1993 to June 1997. Sixty-two (73.0%) strains of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (Acb complex) were the most frequent. In 3 (3.5%) strains it was impossible to decide whether they belonged to the Acb complex. Other acinetobacter species were represented by 20 (23.5%) strains. The greatest amount (28.2%) of these strains was collected from the Clinic of Internal Medicine. Leukemias, lymphomas and myelodysplastic syndromes were the most frequent clinical diagnoses (20.0%) of the patients with a positive haemoculture. The most effective antimicrobial preparations tested were as follows: meropenem (98.8% of susceptible strains), colistin (94.1%), quinolones (90.6-94.1% according to the type of agent) and amikacin (91.8%). The Acb complex strains were less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than other acinetobacters. Production of inductive chromosomal beta-lactamases AmpC was proved in 42 (49.4%) strains whilst no occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in the isolated organisms was recorded.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1998

[Personal experience with classification of yeast microorganisms. I. The combined biotyping method of Mencl and Otcenásek and typing using the "killer" phenomenon].

Using a group of 150 isolates of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis a C. kefyr the differentiating capacity of two biotyping systems was tested-the combined method according to Mencl and Otcenásek, and typing using the so-called killer phenomenon. With the combined method comparable results with the original work of the authors were obtained. This applies to the number of biotypes as well as to the ratio of the dominant biotype. As regards the differentiating characteristics of different biotypes the two studies differed fundamentally. As to typing, using the "killer" phenomenon, its practical usefulness was tested, the differentiating capacity of the method was, however, very much influenced by the small number of available killer-positive yeast strains.

Candida↗
PubMed1998

[Occurrence of gram-negative non-fermenting rods in hemocultures and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents].

In the period from January 1993 to June 1996 were at the Department of Microbiology of the University Hospital in Olomouc 122 strains of Gram-negative nonfermentative rod-shaped bacteria isolated from haemocultures. The majority represented the group of 51 strains of the genus Acinetobacter (41.8%), complex A. calcoaceticus-baumannii (Acb complex). The second largest group were 21 strains (17.2%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These were followed by 17 strains (13.9%) of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 8 strains (6.6%) of non-Acb complex acinetobacters, 6 strains (4.9%) of Pseudomonas putida and 5 strains (4.1%) of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans. The remaining species were represented only by 1-2 strains. In three isolations was the identification impossible. The majority of strains (24.6%) were from the Department of Haematology of the University Hospital in Olomouc. The most frequent diagnoses in patients with positive haemocultures were leukemias and lymphomas (24.6%). The most effective tested antimicrobial agents were ceftazidime (93.4% of sensitive strains) and ofloxacin (91.7%). From the total number of 80 strains detected using the equipment BacT/Alert 120, 22 (27.5%) were isolated repeatedly confirming their role in the etiology of bacteriemic or septic episodes. Because only one blood sample was obtained in 34 cases (58.6%) of the remaining 58 only once detected strains, it was impossible to confirm their etiologic role by repeated isolation. (Tab. 6, Ref. 22.)

Blood↗
PubMed1996

Borreliae in immature Ixodes ricinus (Acari:Ixodidae) ticks parasitizing birds in the Czech Republic.

Of 411 forest birds of 33 species examined near Valtice, Czech Republic, 29% were infested with Ixodes ricinus (L.); 2.2% were parasitized by Haemaphysalis concinna Koch. Borreliae were detected in 5.1 and 11.7% of larval and nymphal I. ricinus, respectively. None of the 13 H. concinna tested was infected. In total, 3.2% of the birds examined were parasitized by I. ricinus immatures infected by borreliae. Borreliae-containing ticks parasitized European robin, Erithacus rubecula (L.); Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula L.; Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla (L.); Eurasian chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot); Great tit, Parus major L.; and Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius (L.). The isolate BR-34 from a nymphal I. ricinus off a Eurasian blackbird had a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein pattern, reactions to monoclonal antibodies, and fragments of HindIII digested DNA probed with fla and ospA genes that suggested to us that it belongs to the genospecies Borrelia garinii. Free-living birds may be involved in the circulation of B. burgdorferi sensu lato principally as disseminators of infected ixodid ticks to new area.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis subsp. nov., isolated from bovine nostrils.

A new coagulase-negative subspecies, Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis, is described on the basis of a study of five strains isolated from the anterior nares of cows. This subspecies is differentiated from the other novobiocin-resistant staphylococci by its phenotypic properties, cell wall composition, and levels of genetic relatedness. The type strain of the new subspecies is KV 12 (=CCM 4410).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Comparison of the results of antibiotics sensitivity tests using the standard microdilution method on isolated bacteria and the direct disc method on positive hemocultures from the automatic BacT/Alert system].

During a six-month period 2,221 haemocultures obtained from patients hospitalized in the Faculty Hospital Olomouc were examined. In all 304 isolated bacteria the sensitivity was assessed by the standard dilution micromethod and moreover all positive haemocultures were examined the "direct" disc method. Agreement between the results of the two methods was proved in 84% of pairs of tests and within a range from 67 to 100%, depending on the type of antimicrobial preparation. Based on these findings it may be stated that assessment of the sensitivity by the "direct" method agrees significantly with assessment of the sensitivity according to minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In patients with septicaemia this procedure makes it possible to change empirical antibiotherapy by 24 hours sooner to aimed therapy.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1996

[Characteristics of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria and their occurrence at the Medical School Hospital in Olomouc].

Currently, a persistent growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics takes place. Multiresistant bacterial strains thus represent a serious danger for therapy in practice. The aim of the study was to characterize the multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria and to judge their antibiograms by using the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC). At the same time the study evaluates the relations to the most frequent diagnoses and epidemiologic data concerning the occurrence of these strains in different clinical cases treated at individual departments of the Faculty Hospital in Olomouc. Out of the total of 4.988 strains of Gram-negative rods, the number of isolated multiresistant strains reached 316 (6.3%). Individual bacterial species were isolated in the following order: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (23.4%) and Acinetobacter Baumannii complex (Acb complex) (18.7%). The most frequent occurrence of investigated bacteria was registered at the departments in the following order: urology (45.9%), internal medicine (18%), paediatrics (13.6%), and surgery (11.1%). The most frequent diagnoses based on positive cultivation of these bacteria were the infections of the urogenital tract (53.8%), postoperative infections (16.8%), and the infections of the upper respiratory ducts (7.3%). 64.2% of strains were cultivated from urine, 16.1% from pus, and 6.9% from swabs taken from the upper respiratory ducts. (Tab. 8, Ref. 18.).

Drug Resistance, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

[Occurrence of Klebsiella pneumonia strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins at the Pediatric Clinic of the Medical School Hospital in Olomouc].

The authors describe the high incidence of strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to cephalosporins of the IIIrd generation at the department of pathological neonates of the Paediatric Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Olomouc. They discuss possible reasons for this adverse situation and the way how to resolve it. They emphasize the necessity of rational administration of antibiotics and continuous monitoring of resistance in the most frequent causal agents of bacterial infections.

Cephalosporin Resistance↗
PubMed1995

Resistance to antibiotics in gram-negative rods from clinical material of hospital and community origin.

The authors examined the resistance to 13 antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents by the diluting micromethod and the routine disk method in the group of 5375 gram-negative strains of 7 genera which prevailed in clinical material of an hospital (FN Olomouc) and in material of community (OHS Olomouc) provenance during the years 1992 and 1993. In the majority of cases, the resistance was more frequent in the strains isolated from the hospital material. The most remarkable differences were found in A cinetobacter sp. (9-76%), Enterobacter sp. (10-60%) and Citrobacter sp. (18-58%). In other examined species, the differences varied in the ranges 3-40% in E.coli, 2-33% in Klebsiella sp., 0-28% in P. vulgaris, 2-28% in P.mirabilis, 0-16% in M.morganii, and 0-13% in P. aeruginosa.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1994

[Occurrence and characteristics of gram-negative rods with marginal sensitivity and resistance to ofloxacin].

In the submitted paper the authors focused their attention on the characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria with a marginal sensitivity and resistance to ofloxacin (MIC > or = 2 mg.l-1) isolated from clinical materials in the Olomouc Faculty Hospital. They give an account of their sensitivity (based on assessment of the minimal inhibitory concentration-MIC) to 20 other antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents and the percentage ratio of different species according to department, clinical material and diagnosis.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1993

[Hepatitis C virus antibodies in persons on dialysis].

Using the ELISA method (generation II), the authors made a single examination of 172 dialyzed patients for the presence of antibodies against the virus of hepatitis C (VHC). Antibodies were detected in 82 subjects, i. e. 47.7%. The prevalence of antibodies in the examined subjects increased with the number of dialyses, no relationship was found with the number of transfusions. Of 104 subjects where during inclusion into the dialyzation transplantation programme a rise of ALT occurred 69, i. e. 66.3%, had antibodies. Antibodies were detected in 17 of 44 subjects (38.6%) to whom so far blood was not administered. A decisive place in the prevention of VHC transmission in dialyzed subjects is held by non-specific preventive measures, transfusions are most probably not the decisive vehicle.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Staphylococcus muscae, a new species isolated from flies.

A new coagulase-negative species of the genus Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus muscae, is described on the basis of the results of a study of four strains that were isolated from flies. 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of S. muscae, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and Staphylococcus sciuri were determined and used, together with the corresponding sequences of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, for a comparative analysis. The new species is characterized taxonomically; this species is differentiated from the other novobiocin-susceptible staphylococci by its physiological and biochemical activities, cell wall composition, and levels of genetic relatedness. The type strain of this species is strain MB4 (= CCM 4175).

Animals↗