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Biomedical subjects

V Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to V Gupta.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Breastfeeding and childhood cancer.

Total duration of breastfeeding and of exclusive breastfeeding was studied and compared in 99 childhood cancer cases and 90 controls. The difference between the average duration of breastfeeding in cases and controls was significant (p < 0.05), but when average duration of exclusive breastfeeding was compared in cases and controls the difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). In lymphoma cases and controls the difference between the average duration of breastfeeding was moderately significant (p < 0.01). However, when average duration of exclusive breastfeeding was compared in lymphoma cases and controls the difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). When other cancer groups and controls were compared with respect to their total duration of breastfeeding and duration of exclusive breastfeeding the differences when insignificant (p > 0.05). Cases and controls were not different with respect to their age, sex, birth year, birth order, age and educational status of mothers, smoking of fathers and socioeconomic status. However, a positive family history of cancer was obtained in 4 (4%) of cases whereas in controls it was obtained in only 1 (1.1%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Observation of lipid profile and lipoproteins in viral hepatitis and hepatic coma.

Lipid profile and lipoprotein levels were estimated in 35 patients of viral hepatitis, 15 patients of viral hepatitis with coma and in age and sex match 35 healthy controls. The values were compared in different groups. Levels of triglycerides were significantly raised (145.00 +/- 30.70 mg/dl) in viral hepatitis as compared to viral hepatitis with coma (111.40 +/- 16.80 mg/dl) which were similar to controls (110.8 +/- 20.6 mg/dl). Patients who recovered had higher levels of triglycerides (136.0 +/- 30.8 mg/dl) as compared to those who expired (110 +/- 15.72 mg/dl). Total serum cholesterol remained statistically unaltered in both groups. HDLc was significantly decreased in both groups, viral hepatitis (2.23 +/- 6.7 mg/dl) and viral hepatitis with coma (16.52 +/- 2.27 mg/dl) in comparison to controls (62.21 +/- 18.04 mg/dl). The levels were much lower in patients with coma than without coma. Furthermore the values were still lower in patients who expired (15.82 +/- 2.27 mg/dl) than in patients who recovered (24.13 +/- 7 mg/dl). The levels of LDLc were significantly raised in both groups, as compared with each other and in relation to mortality. VLDLc levels were significantly decreased in patients of viral hepatitis (22.13 +/- 5.8 mg/dl) as well as on viral hepatitis with coma (21.89 +/- 4.3 mg/dl). However, no significant difference was observed when compared with each other and in relation to mortality. Thus it may be concluded that isolated low value of HDLc in viral hepatitis may be used as a prognostic indicator.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Automated perimetric changes following panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy.

Sixty eyes--30 with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 30 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)--underwent argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). Static perimetry (Humphrey automated visual field analyzer 630, Threshold Prog Central 30-1 and Peri 30/60-1) was done 1 day before and 6 weeks after the initial laser treatment. One day before treatment, the fields of the NPDR and PDR eyes differed mainly in the central field affection: the PDR eyes had more localized areas of markedly decreased retinal sensitivity and, therefore, a higher initial mean deviation value and higher corrected pattern standard deviation values. However, peripheral retinal sensitivity was equally depressed in the NPDR and PDR eyes. Six weeks after treatment, central retinal sensitivity had significantly improved in all of the eyes, although more so in the eyes with severe NPDR. This study suggests that static-perimetry-guided PRP is an effective treatment for diabetic retinopathy, especially severe NPDR.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1991

A program of friendly visitors as network builders.

The Sunshine Visitors program is an experimental, friendly visitor-type program that trains volunteers to function as network builders with their isolated, elderly visitees, working to strengthen their social support networks. A unique training program was developed and some success with this type of visiting was achieved, particularly with regard to meeting relational needs. The volunteers, though, tended to encourage network building rather than getting directly involved with the client's social network.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Poliomyelitis with special reference to immunization status.

One hundred ninety one children below 5 years of age suffering from poliomyelitis were analyzed to find out the immunization status and its correlation with the incidence of poliomyelitis. Effects of age, sex, immunization status and seasonal variation on the morbidity and mortality status were studied. The maximum number of cases were admitted during the months of July (23.6%) and August (23.1%). Of 191 cases, 143 (74.9%) had no immunization and 48 (25.1%) were partially immunized. A total of 155 (81.2%) cases had spinal polio, 23 (12.01%) bulbo-spinal polio, and 13 had (6.8%) bulbar polio. Serious illness (bulbospinal and bulbar type) was more in partially immunized children (25%) as compared to unimmunized children (16.8%). The mortality rate was more than two times higher in the partially immunized (29.6%) as compared to unimmunized children (11.2%). The possible explanation for high mortality in partially immunized children could be due to the adverse effect of OPV which has not been studied so far.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitis B virus infection and its transmission in preschool children.

In the present study, 2.5% of 367 preschool children has HBsAg positivity. Of 11 mothers who were HBsAg positive during the third trimester of pregnancy, 4 had babies (36.4%) who developed HBsAg positivity by 2.5-3 months of age (vertical transmission). Two babies born of HBsAg negative mothers, with history of jaundice during first trimester, were HBsAg negative. All the relatives of HBsAg positive cases screened were negative for HBsAg.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Glutathione S-transferase and P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant Chinese hamster cells.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been reported to be elevated in some forms of hepatic carcinogenesis, in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells exhibiting elevated P-glycoprotein, and in cells resistant to alkylating agents independent of the MDR phenotype. The reported elevation of GST in association with the MDR phenotype and the overexpression of P-glycoprotein along with induction of GST in hepatic carcinogenesis suggest a correlation in the two mechanisms of cellular detoxification. To evaluate this hypothesis we examined the expression of GSTs in an MDR Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line overexpressing P-glycoprotein. We were unable to demonstrate concordant elevation of GST in these MDR cells. We conclude that GST expression is independent of P-glycoprotein expression in MDR Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The overexpression of GSTs in certain cells may provide an alternative mechanism for the development of drug resistance, either in association with or independent of P-glycoprotein overexpression, but is not essential for the MDR phenotype.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1990

Postoperative infection in cardiac surgery: the influence of a change in prophylactic antibiotic regimen.

A total of 448 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery were followed for the development of postoperative infection. Non-extracorporeal procedures were assigned to group 1 and open-heart procedures to group 2. The incidence of infection was compared in two groups who received prophylactic antibiotics. Patients (n = 253) received ampicillin alone (group 1) or in combination with gentamicin (group 2) for 7 days starting 1 day before the operation (period A). One hundred and ninety-five patients (period B) received cefazolin starting preoperatively 30 min before induction, alone (group 1) or in combination with gentamicin (Group 2) for 3 days. The percentage of patients developing infection in periods A and B for group 1 patients was 4.2% and 3.5% and for group 2 it was 25.8% and 18.7% respectively. The overall infection rate was 13%. The number of infection sites involved were 1.5 per infected patient. Urinary tract infections were the most frequent followed by endocarditis and other deep infections, wound infections and respiratory infection. Gram-negative rods were the predominant pathogens (Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) during both periods (47 out of 70 isolates). Wound infections due to Gram-positive cocci were higher in period A (4/8) as compared to period B (1/5). During period B there were three cases of fungal endocarditis whereas no case occurred during period A. Although the incidence of infection was reduced during the period of cefazolin prophylaxis, the difference was not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗