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Biomedical subjects

V Gentil

Publications and source records attributed to V Gentil.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Why is the reproductive performance lower in Becker (BMD) as compared to limb girdle (LGMD) muscular dystrophy male patients?

We had previously reported that patients affected with BMD have a significantly reduced reproductive performance (f = 0.12) as compared to male LGMD patients of similar age and physical impairment (f = 0.98). In the present study parameters such as the socio-economic level, as well as psychosocial, intellectual, and psychiatric functionings could not explain the low fitness of BMD patients. The effect of genetic counseling, a greater difficulty in coping with the disease, and relating to women and/or a potential malfunction of reproductive physiology are discussed as possible causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Becker and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies: a psychiatric and intellectual level comparative study.

There are some indications that Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) might be related to mental disorders and mental retardation (MR). To investigate this question, we made a standardized psychiatric and intellectual level assessment of 22 BMD patients in comparison with 22 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) patients. There were not significant differences between the two groups. Twelve patients (54.5%) in each group received at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, the most frequent being depressive disorders. The intelligence quotient means for BMD was 85.9 and 87.8 for LGMD. There was one case of mild MR among BMD patients and two cases among LGMD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Delay of the antidepressant effect: clinical studies].

The first controlled trials of antidepressants show up a delay of antidepressant effect to one or two weeks, with sedative or stimulant early effects. More recently, several controlled trials founded on more stringent criterions (DSM III, period of pre-therapeutic placebo of one minimal week, frequent quotations etc.) have showed up a delay of antidepressant effect assigned between the fourth and the sixth week, with all antidepressant drugs. Nevertheless, there are more early effects, either specific antidepressant but incomplete either non specific (sedative, stimulant). These early effects are more marked with the antidepressant drug than with the PBO, but they have not a predictive value of terminal response. Several factors have an influence on the delay of antidepressant effect. The clinical characteristics are not correlated with this delay. The intravenous administration does not reduce the length of this delay. The pulse loading doses with intravenous and oral antidepressant drug seem to reduce the length of this delay. The most important factor is the placebo effect (Quitkin et al.). Nevertheless, the differences of efficacy between antidepressant and PBO appear only towards the third week. There are some differences during the first two weeks. In fact the PBO effect is early and late longer than the antidepressant drug. With PBO, when the improvement is progressive and fasting, it is a spontaneous remission. These data have practical implications if we must know the delay of antidepressant drug.

Affect↗
PubMed1995

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia: changes with treatment.

Forty-seven patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PAG) were assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment with imipramine, clomipramine and placebo. At pre-treatment patients had higher MMPI scores than the local normative data, the highest scores being for depression, hypochondria and hysteria. At week 8 the scores of most MMPI scales were significantly reduced. In addition, patients who showed clinical improvement had pre- and post-treatment scores lower than the unimproved patients. The results suggest that the abnormal MMPI profile found in PAG patients reflects the clinical state and that personality pathology relates to treatment outcome. The reduction in MMPI scores was associated with response to active treatment. We conclude that therapeutic interventions that successfully reduce PAG symptoms also modify personality scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features, symptoms, and signs of central nervous system activity in 43 patients.

Forty-three female inpatients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied by a multidisciplinary team to answer the following research questions: 1) What are the features of the psychopathology in patients with active SLE? and 2) In these patients, what is the relationship between psychiatric disorders and symptoms and signs suggesting activity of SLE in the CNS? Our a priori hypothesis was that, in patients with active SLE, those with psychiatric manifestations would have more symptoms and signs of CNS activity than those without psychiatric manifestations. Psychiatric evaluation consisted of standardized psychiatric instruments and diagnostic criteria. The assessment of SLE systemic and central nervous system (CNS) activity consisted of rheumatologic, neurologic, and ophthalmologic evaluations; serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis; brain computerized tomography (CT); and electroencephalogram (EEG). Twenty-seven patients (63%) presented psychiatric symptoms (Psychiatric Group), and 16 (37%) patients presented no current psychiatric diagnosis (Nonpsychiatric Group). These groups were compared in terms of the above variables. Depressive syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis (44%) followed by delirium (7%) and dementia (5%). Psychiatric symptoms were associated with subjective cognitive impairment (85%) and neurologic abnormality (85%). Widened cortical sulci was the most frequent CT alteration and was equally common in both groups. No statistical difference was found between the 2 groups regarding their general clinical evaluation, serum and CSF exams, or EEG alterations. To determine whether the severity of psychiatric symptoms was related to CNS activity, we divided the 27 patients with psychiatric manifestations into 2 groups: the Major Group--18 patients with major psychopathology, and the Minor Group--9 patients with mild depressive syndromes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Alcoholism and phobic anxiety--a clinical-demographic comparison.

The prevalence of anxious and phobic symptoms in 97 alcohol-dependent and alcohol abuse patients, and that of alcohol abuse and dependence in 90 patients with panic/agoraphobia (PAG), were respectively determined in out-patients attending alcoholism and anxiety clinics in a university psychiatric hospital. The clinical and socio-demographic data of both the phobics and non-phobics of the alcoholic sample, and the alcohol dependents and non-dependent of the PAG sample, were compared. Panic attacks and phobias were associated with increased severity and worse prognosis for alcoholism. The infrequent instances of alcohol use to cope with anxiety in the PAG sample were associated with symptoms of social phobia. Alcohol abuse and dependence were more frequent in PAG men who used alcohol to cope with anxiety. Finally, the frequency and intensity of the panic and phobic symptoms of the alcoholic and PAG samples were contrasted. The alcoholism clinic patients with anxiety had less frequent and milder panic attacks. The predominant diagnosis of this group was agoraphobia, which was infrequent in the anxiety disorders clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cosegregation of schizophrenia with Becker muscular dystrophy: susceptibility locus for schizophrenia at Xp21 or an effect of the dystrophin gene in the brain?

A family is reported in which four of five adult patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) also have schizophrenia or related spectrum disorders. Although the estimated lod scores are not sufficient to conclude the existence of linkage between BMD and schizophrenia, it is suggested that there may be an association between these two disorders. Two alternative hypotheses are proposed to explain such an association: (1) the existence of a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and spectrum disorders on the short arm of the X chromosome at Xp21; (2) that these psychiatric disorders may result from an abnormality in the expression of the dystrophin gene in the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The association of panic/agoraphobia and asthma. Contributing factors and clinical implications.

The point prevalence of phobic anxiety disorders was determined in 107 asthmatic outpatients through a standardized psychiatric interview and DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. Agoraphobia and panic disorder were more prevalent (13.1% and 6.5%, respectively) than in the general population. Contributing factors and the clinical implications of this association are discussed. The recognition of specific anxiety syndromes enhances the efficacy of the treatment of anxious asthmatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The work of collecting materials of artistic expression from various media].

Work of collection of productions made in workshops of expression constitute a specific need for evaluation in art-therapy. The Mediatised Observation is completed by special validated (K-test) and built instruments of description for productions from each mediation (paintings, writings, music...) and for observed behaviours in situ during therapeutic work of creation. The two benefits are for nurses education, and for elaboration of a clinic of aesthetic.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Mitral valve prolapse and panic disorder].

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), using echocardiographic and auscultatory criteria, in cases of panic disorder (complicated or not with agoraphobia). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients (37 women) with panic disorder and without known cardiac disease, mean age 39.8 years (range 19-67) were studied. MVP was diagnosed when there was a typical auscultatory click or when the echocardiographic study (echo) registered one mitral lacinea 2 mm behind the C-D line at the "M" study or a systolic billowing of mitral leaflets in two views to the two-dimensional study. RESULTS: MVP was found in 29 (44.6%) of the patients, 12 (42.7) men and 17 (49.5%) women. A click was found in 19 (24%) of the cases and the Echo was positive in 24 (39.6%) of the patients. Click and a positive Echo finding were identified in 14 patients. CONCLUSION: MVP was found in panic cases, in incidence greater than in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acute reversal of flunitrazepam effects by Ro 15-1788 and Ro 15-3505: inverse agonism, tolerance, and rebound.

A phase 1 double blind crossover comparison of a new benzodiazepine antagonist (Ro 15-3505) with Ro 15-1788 and placebo, in the reversal of sedative and psychophysiological effects of single IV doses of flunitrazepam (2 mg), was carried out in 12 normal volunteers. The antagonists were equally effective, leading to full reversal of all effects with a potency ratio of approximately 2.5 mg Ro 15-1788 for 1 mg Ro 15-3505. Inverse agonism, in the form of unpleasant feelings and symptoms, was reported by all subjects following Ro 15-3505 but none after Ro 15-1788. Adaptational phenomena such as acute tolerance and rebound of sedative effects of flunitrazepam were also detected and their potential implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychophysiological effects and dose equivalence of zopiclone and triazolam administered to healthy volunteers. Methodological considerations.

1. Dose-equivalence studies of zopiclone and triazolam were carried out. 2. Zopiclone (6.25, 8.75 and 11.25 mg), triazolam (0.1875, 0.375 and 0.5 mg) and placebo were given in the morning to 14 healthy male volunteers aged 20-25 years under double-blind conditions according to an incomplete block design. Each patient received three of the seven possible treatments at intervals of at least 1 week. Subjects were evaluated using physiological measures, rating scales and memory tasks before and 1.5 and 4.5 h after drug administration. 3. The sedative and amnestic effects of zopiclone were qualitatively similar to those of triazolam, with the highest dose of each having the greatest effect. 4. On the basis of the digit symbol substitution test, 10 mg of zopiclone is equivalent to 0.5 mg of triazolam. Methodological problems of the experimental design of dose-equivalence studies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of flunitrazepam on memory and their reversal by two antagonists.

The amnestic effects of flunitrazepam (2 mg intravenously) were studied in normal volunteers with emphasis on their relationship to sleep and their reversal by two specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonists (Ro 15-1788 and Ro 15-3505). The test battery was based on available clinical tests to assess various aspects of encoding and recall. The results suggest that flunitrazepam impairs acquisition of new information by interfering with encoding, and that these effects are clearly independent of sleep. Flunitrazepam effects on memory were fully reversed by both antagonists, as were the subjective and objective signs of sedation. This speaks against the hypothesis of different receptors for sedative and amnestic effects. Ro 15-3505 had shorter lasting effects than Ro 15-1788 and interfered with some tests; this is discussed in relation to its inverse agonistic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychostimulant effects of fencamfamine in healthy volunteers.

The effects of fencamfamine (25 and 50 mg po) were studied on acute psychophysiological and psychomotor performance in six healthy male volunteers. Stimulant effects, such as greater increases of critical flicker-fusion threshold, heart rate, blood pressure and stimulation assessed by self-rating, were more pronounced with the higher dose of fencamfamine. Paradoxical sedative effects were obtained with the 25 mg dose. Fencamfamine should not be considered only as an energizing agent, but also as an agent having a psychostimulant profile of effects.

Administration, Oral↗