Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V G Artamonova.
The authors presented materials on respiratory diseases among workers of contemporary battery farms. Findings are that occupational dust of animal and plant origin is a major risk factor in respiratory diseases development. Clinical, physiologic and immunologic studies proved genesis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases.
Analysis of prevalence of upper respiratory tract diseases among workers engaged into contemporary tobacco production based a conclusion that tobacco dust could cause upper respiratory tract diseases progress, even with no rise of the MAC, therefore these diseases could be occupationally induced.
The authors conclude that a main problem of medicine of a transactions on modern tobacco production, is the early detection and preventive maintenance of development of professional diseases. For definition of a degree of risk of occupational diseases it is offered to use definition of the tobacco immunoglobulin E by an immunoferment method. The conducted research has shown good comparability and reproducibility of obtained results.
The authors evaluate clinical peculiarities of chronic bronchitis, silicotuberculosis and pneumoconiosis (mullitosis) in workers exposed to highly aluminiferous clay.
The authors proved impaired venous drainage and lower vascular tone to be among the first signs of vibration disease. Adaptational and trophic disorders, compromised humoral regulation appear to be characteristic for vibration disease and associated with disturbances of sympathetic autonomous system. The experiments diagnosed phases in sympathetic and adrenals response to vibration. Vibration appeared to depress functional activity of "pituitary-gonads" system.
In 42 lead-exposed workers (22 male and 20 female), we found a close nonlinear relation between blood and plasma lead concentrations, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentration medians and ranges were lead in whole blood, 270 (97 to 950) micrograms/L and lead in plasma, 1.1 (0.2 to 13) micrograms/L. Proteins from lysed erythrocytes were studied by gel chromatography with ICP-MS detection. We then found capacity-limited binding for lead to delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), as well as to two other components (with apparent molecular masses of 45 and < 10 kDa, respectively). The strongest affinity for lead was indicated for ALAD (35-81% of the lead in blood) and could be described by a capacity of 850 micrograms/L and a dissociation constant of 1.5 micrograms/L. The 45-kDa protein carried 12-26% of the blood lead, and the < 10-kDa component less than 1%. A model based on these three components, plus a fourth one for unrecovered lead (2-45%), is proposed. No binding of lead to hemoglobin was found. There was an association between zinc and lead in whole blood; however, zinc did not significantly affect the lead distribution in erythrocytes.
Medical genetic studies established abnormal occupational markers and individual risk factors which all made it possible to develop the modes of prevention of occupational bronchopulmonary diseases resulted from exposure to fibrogenic and allergenic dust. A system of screening approach to preventing occupational respiratory diseases is proposed.
The article tackles up-to-date problems of higher medical education in Russia. The authors stress importance of wider education of attending doctors, occupational therapists and other professionals in occupational diseases, of increased number and duration of lectures and seminars on occupational diseases.
The article covers complex evaluation of health state in building industry workers engaged into ferro-concrete production in St. Petersburg. The health state was considered under combined action of infrasound, noise and general vibration. Clinical and functional evaluation included medical examination by doctors, blood biochemistry and CBC, ECG, computer integral rheography, voice audiometry. Data for 62 moulders helped to assess acoustic environment at workplace and to reveal the morbidity structure.
The article covers some results of complex sanitary, hygienic, clinical, functional and laboratory examinations of individuals working in main shops of storage battery production where lead and its inorganic compounds are principal occupational hazards. Lead and its compounds harm human health, being risk factors for vegetoneurosis and arterial hypertension. Hemodynamic studies using integral rheography revealed hemodynamic type of circulation, increase of general and peripheral vascular tone. The main causes of hemodynamic disorders are influence of lead compounds on autonomous nervous system, prevalence of the parasympathetic section and metabolic disorders in myocardium.
Computer air flow rate proved occupational hazards in glass fiber production to result in various respiratory disorders. The workers with obstructive or dust bronchitis demonstrate persistent bronchial obstruction of bronchitis type, whereas pneumoconiosis patients present mixed type of respiratory disorders. Computer air flow rate provides precise diagnosis and better treatment of occupational respiratory diseases.
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Occupational diseases in Far Northern conditions are aggravated by severe climate conditions. The role of allergic diseases becomes higher. The authors suggest ecologic and genetic concept of occupational diseases formation.
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The article presents materials obtained in experimental study of respiratory symptoms in white rats exposed to glass fiber dust. Intratracheal administration of the dust resulted in acute obstructive bronchitis by the end of third week of exposure. Fibroplastic processes being possible initial signs of pneumofibrosis form by the end of the 4th month.
The article represents results of genetic screening among workers engaged into fiber glass production. Propensity and resistance to occupational pulmonary diseases were believed to depend on genotype. Applied methods of genetic screening enabled to improve primary prophylaxis of respiratory diseases.
The study covered 355 apparently healthy workers engaged into claydite and ceramic tile production. The silica dust was proved to cause the subclinical ventilation insufficiency in workers with long length of service, which proves a functional heterogeneity of workers. The latent ventilation disorders can indicate the individual hypersensitivity to silica dust.