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Biomedical subjects

V Fuster

Publications and source records attributed to V Fuster.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Arteriographic patterns early in the onset of the coronary syndromes.

Coronary arteriography in 300 patients within one year of onset of symptoms of coronary arterial disease revealed already severe anatomical coronary disease in three patient groups: those with angina pectoris alone (164 patients), with subendocardial myocardial infarction (63 patients), and with transmural myocardial infarction (73 patients). The number of vessels diseased (larger than or equal to 50% obstruction), distribution of obstruction, and degree of stenosis were similar in the three groups. However, total occlusion of at least one artery was much more common in transmural myocardial infarction and in subendocardial myocardial infarction with elevation of enzyme levels. We suggest that such occlusions occurred at the time of the infarction. Similarities in coronary anatomy between patient subgroups with angina (on exercise or at rest and nocturnal) indicate that factors other than coronary anatomy intervene in precipitating the different types of angina. Vessel disease was not related to smoking, hyperlipidaemia, or hypertension but coronary disease was manifest earlier in life in smokers or those with hyperlipidaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Platelet inhibition in the management of thrombosis.

The role of platelets in the initation of arterial thrombosis is clear. In venous thrombosis as well, platelets may in some circumstances play a significant role. For these reasons, and because of the complications and limitations of anticoagulant therapy, antithrombotic trials have been launched with several agents which inhibit platelet function. Regarding postoperative deep vein thrombosis, neither aspirin nor dipyridamole alone appears effective, although the combination offers promise. Results with dextrans are conflicting. In recurrent idiopathic deep vein thrombosis, sulfinpyrazone may be beneficial. On the arterial side, transient cerebral ischemic attacks may be favorably affected by either aspirin or sulfinpyrazone. Prevention of thromboembolism associated with prosthetic heart valves appears possible with combination warfarin-dipyridamole therapy, and the beneficial effect of sulfinpyrazone on shortened platelet survival in this group suggests that this agent may also be effective. Sulfinpyrazone may also be beneficial in preventing thrombosis in arteriovenous canulas. The issue which has attracted the greatest attention and about which no clear answer exists at present is whether antiplatelet agents can modify the course of acute myocardial infarction. Several trials with aspirin are currently underway, and it would be premature to recommend its use in this condition until the results of these trials are available, probably in 1975.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1971

Effects of poisoning on serum enzyme activities, coagulation, and fibrinolysis.

Prolonged coma due to acute overdosage with hypnotic drugs is shown to be associated with a pronounced increase in the activity of serum creatine kinase and in the concentration of fibrin degradation products and with less pronounced abnormalities of other serum enzymes and of other indices of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Evidence is presented that skeletal muscle damage occurs and that this is related to the coagulation abnormality. These findings probably explain some of the non-specific features such as fever which commonly occur in recovery from severe poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Von Willebrand's disease in pigs and atherosclerosis.

There is experimental evidence that platelets, by interacting with the arterial wall may be important in the initiation of atherosclerosis. This paper describes the results of consecutive experiments indicating that pigs with impaired platelet-blood vessel interaction in the form of von Willebrand's disease are resistant to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Ongoing experiments in these pigs are providing significant insight into the relationship of the circulating platelets, the endothelial cell and circulating von Willebrand factor, and the reactivity of the arterial wall in the process of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical features and long-term natural history of the postpericardiotomy syndrome.

We followed 34 consecutive patients with the postpericardiotomy syndrome for a median of 7 years. In each patient, the syndrome was documented by the occurrence of: (1) a pericardial type of pain or pericardial rub (or both); and (2) fever or an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The postpericardiotomy syndrome occurred at a median postoperative time of 4 weeks (range, 2 to 52 weeks). The duration of the syndrome was highly variable (range, 2 to 100 days; median, 22 days) and depended primarily on treatment; the median duration of symptoms in 21 patients treated with salicylates alone was only 4 days. Of the 9 patients receiving anticoagulants alone and in whom this treatment was continued, none had clinical evidence of hemopericardium. On follow-up, 7 patients (21%) had an initial recurrence at an interval of 1 to 3 months; 5 of these patients had further recurrences at an interval of 3 to 30 months. This long-term study indicates that the postperiocardiotomy syndrome is a benign but often recurrent clinical entity, presumably related to viral and/or immunologic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thrombosis, antithrombotic agents, and the antithrombotic approach in cardiac disease.

To develop a rational approach to antithrombotic therapy, in cardiac disease, a sound understanding is required (1) of the hemostatic processes leading to thrombosis, (2) of the various antithrombotic agents, and (3) of the relative risks of thrombosis and thromboembolism in the various cardiac disease entities. With the understanding of pathogenesis and risk of thrombus formation, a rational approach to the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents can be formulated. Those at high risk of thrombus formation should generally receive a high degree of antithrombotics and, depending on the pathophysiology of the thrombus, may benefit from the concomitant use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents. Those with a medium risk of thrombus formation may benefit with the use of an antiplatelet agent alone or anticoagulants alone. Patients at low risk of thrombus formation should not receive antithrombotics. Such rational approach to antithrombotic therapy serves as the basis of this article.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive pattern in consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages in La Cabrera, Spain.

BACKGROUND: Among determinants of the structure of human populations, consanguineous marriages can be useful in determining to what extent they influence the genetic structure of the population. This knowledge may be gained by comparing the reproductive performance of related and non-related couples. The population studied, La Cabrera, is a mountainous region in the Leon province (north-western Spain). It includes four neighbouring municipalities with similar geographic, climatic and ecological features with 37 parishes occupying an area of 784.2 km(2), of which only 1.5% is arable. The number of inhabitants remained stable from 1887 (9526 inhabitants) to 1960 (8984), when due to emigration it began to decrease. The average inbreeding coefficient (alpha) for the period 1880-1989 (up to third degree) was 4.82 x 10(-3). AIM: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the possible factors determining the differences between consanguineous and non-consanguineous families residing in La Cabrera during the period 1880-1959. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To study the structure and dynamics of each couple, families were reconstituted for the period 1880-1959 using demographic data corresponding to births, deaths and marriages obtained from parish registers. This procedure provided information on each couple's reproductive history through information concerning the mates' deaths as well as their offspring's births and deaths. Principal component analysis revealed the existence of three factors that together explained 57% of the reproductive pattern variability of La Cabrera. RESULTS: The first component (eigenvalue: 3.56) correlated positively with the number of live births and with the duration of the reproductive period. Component II (eigenvalue: 1.54) had a positive correlation with variables describing the beginning of the marital union, and with those indicating its ending. Finally, component III (eigenvalue: 1.13) reflected a negative association with the two variables that described neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. The above demographic variables represented the reproductive process in La Cabrera adequately. Fertility was the variable that offered the best explanation of the reproductive pattern (32%), followed by the marital structure (13%) and the infant mortality (12%). CONCLUSION: In the La Cabrera population, consanguinity appears as a socio-cultural process that affects the reproductive dynamic. Consanguinity modifies the marital structure and alters the reproductive pattern, prolonging the reproductive period, which results in a greater number of offspring. Lower infertility rates and the possible compensatory effect for infant mortality may reflect biological factors making the wife's reproductive period more efficient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body composition of rural and urban children from the central region of Spain.

Body composition components are considered in a cross-sectional sample of 2564 children (age range 6-14 years) from Central Spain. The sample was divided depending on rural or urban residence. Weight, and skinfold at the triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac site were measured. Body composition was represented by percentage fat (%F), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM) and sum of skinfolds (SSK). Sex differences were found to be highly significant for all variables and rural-urban differences were small. Rural boys show slightly larger fat content, in %F, FM and SSK, than their urban peers, but significant (p < 0.05) differences appear only for SSK. No statistically significant environmental effect was found for LBM. The improvement of living conditions, the urban influence on the rural area and the degree of urbanization of the urban settlement are suggested as the main determinants influencing obtained results.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human genetic variation in the Sierra de Gredos mountain (central Spain): study of several polymorphisms.

The variation in the third component of human complement (C3) and orosomucoid (ORM1) serum proteins, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), adenosine deaminase (ADA), esterase D (ESD), and acid phosphatase (ACP1) red cell enzymes was examined in two samples from autochthonous populations living on either side of the Sierra de Gredos range in Central Spain. These results support only a moderate differentiation between Gredos subpopulations, which is discussed in relation to other Iberian Peninsula groups. Allele frequencies in Gredos show a remarkable heterogeneity as contrasted with other Iberian populations for most of the markers examined; relatively high C3*S, ORM1*F, ADA*1, ESD*2, and ACP1*C gene frequencies are characteristics of Gredos samples. This differentiation was more marked for the Northern Gredos population and could be related to the geographical peculiarities of this region.

Acid Phosphatase↗