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Biomedical subjects

V E Valli

Publications and source records attributed to V E Valli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A program for storage and retrieval of demographic, sample, clinical laboratory, and restriction endonuclease map data.

A program, written in dBASE, is described that manages demographic, sample, clinical laboratory, and restriction endonuclease map data. The program exports migration distances of DNA fragments resulting from specified endonuclease digests to a commercially available, but modified, curve fitting program (CURVE-FITTER) where the fragment sizes in base pairs are calculated. The calculated values are imported back into dBASE files for report generation or later analysis. The program will produce hard copy reports for single or multiple individuals.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

Laboratory diagnosis of malassimilation.

In many instances, the cause for malassimilation can be determined with ease, but finding the cause sometimes can be elusive and require the use of sophisticated laboratory techniques not available to the general veterinary practitioner. In either case, the clinician, whether generalist or specialist, must make an informed decision based on the results of many different testing modalities, and not only on the results of the laboratory tests described here. A flow chart is provided to assist the diagnostician in selecting and applying the more clinically oriented laboratory tests useful in dealing with a patient with chronic diarrhea and weight loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Abnormalities in the NC1 domain of collagen type IV in GBM in canine hereditary nephritis.

Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG) in dogs serves as a model for human X-linked hereditary nephritis (HN). We previously showed that glomerular capillaries of affected males did not stain by immunofluorescence (IF) using serum from a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome. Our goal in the present study was to determine whether the NC1 domain of the collagen type IV molecule, which contains Goodpasture antigen (GPA), could be demonstrated in these dogs, and to assess its immunological reactivity. By SDS-PAGE, NC1 in collagenase digests of glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of unaffected and carrier female dogs in the family with SHG showed 24 kilodalton (kD), 26 kD and 28 kD monomer, and 46 kD and 47 kD dimer components, but the 24 kD monomer was diminished in the affected males. By IF, a rabbit antibody to NCl stained glomerular capillaries of unaffected, affected male, and carrier female dogs. In contrast, a human anti-GBM plasmapheresis fluid (PPF) stained glomerular capillaries of only the unaffected and carrier female dogs. By RIA, both antibodies reacted strongly with NCl in collagenase digests of GBM of the unaffected and carrier female dogs, but showed reduced reactivity with NCl of affected males. By Western blotting, both antibodies bound to dimers and 24 kD and 26 kD monomers of the NCl domain in collagenase digests of GBM of unaffected and carrier female dogs. However, in affected males, the rabbit anti-NCl antibody did not bind to the 24 kD monomer, while the human anti-GBM PPF showed weak binding to the 24 kD and 26 kD monomers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Toxicological assessment of chlorinated diphenyl ethers in the rat.

Chlorinated diphenyl ethers are environmental contaminants that have been found in Great Lakes fish and birds. Because of their presence in the food chain, and potential for human exposure, the present short-term study was conducted to assess their toxicity. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were each given by gavage 2,2',4,4'6-pentachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE1), 2,2',4,4',5,6-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE2) or 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorodiphenyl ether (CDE3) at dose levels of 0.04, 0.4, 4.0 or 40 mg/kg b.w./day for a period of 28 days. The control group received an equivalent volume of corn oil only (0.5 ml/100 g b.w.). Treatment with the three CDE congeners did not result in suppression of growth rate or food consumption. Increased liver weights were seen in the animals of both sexes fed 40 mg/kg CDE2, in males treated with 40 mg/kg CDE1, and in females with 40 mg/kg CDE3. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity was significantly higher in the male rats administered 40 mg/kg CDE2, and aniline hydroxylase activity was elevated in the females following the same treatment. Serum glucose, calcium, protein and urea nitrogen of CDE1-treated males were higher than the control. Levels of uric acid, potassium and LDH of CDE3-treated females were also elevated. No hematological changes were observed. Histological examination revealed that the liver and thyroid were the target organs affected by CDE treatment but the morphological changes were mild even at the highest dose level. Changes in the liver consisted of nuclear vesiculation and increased cytoplasmic volume. Alterations in the thyroid were characterized by increased epithelial height and follicular collapse. Based on the data presented above, the 3 CDE congeners can only be considered moderately toxic in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Subacute inhalation toxicity of a medium-boiling coal liquefaction product (154-378 degrees C) in the rat [Part III].

The short-term inhalation toxicity of a medium-boiling coal liquefaction product (CLP) was investigated in the rat. Groups of 5 male and 5 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CLP aerosols at 25 mg/m3 (low dose) or 100 mg/m3 (high dose) 6 h/d, 5 d/w, for 4 wk. The control group was exposed to filtered air while the positive control received diesel fuel aerosols at 100 mg/m3. Male rats exposed to high-dose CLP aerosols exhibited growth depression and increased hepatic aminopyrine demethylase activity compared to control animals. High-dose females had decreased hemoglobin content and hematocrit values. These biochemical and hematological effects were not observed in animals of either sex treated with the diesel fuel. No other biochemical and hematological changes were observed. Mild histological changes occurred in the liver and thyroid of rats treated with CLP and diesel fuel aerosols. Based on the data presented, inhalation of CLP aerosols resulted in toxicological effects that were similar to those caused by dermal exposure.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

The NC1 domain of collagen type IV in neonatal dog glomerular basement membranes. Significance in Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy.

Patients with hereditary nephritis (HN) present with renal disease after infancy, suggesting that the lesion of glomerular basement membranes (GBM) may not be congenital. Therefore, the NC1 domain of collagen type IV in normal neonatal dog GBM was compared with NC1 in normal adult GBM by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, using two anti-NC1 antibodies. Similar results were obtained, indicating that the NC1 domain is present and immunoreactive in the neonatal period. Next, serial renal biopsies were performed on a family of Samoyed dogs with hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG), an animal model of HN, and assessed by immunofluorescence. One of the anti-NC1 antibodies produced global staining of GBM in unaffected dogs, and global/segmental staining in carrier females; however, no staining was seen in affected males as early as the neonatal period. Electron microscopy (EM) failed to demonstrate any lesion of GBM in neonatal dogs. Thus, in SHG, and presumably in human HN, the abnormality in the NC1 domain is congenital, and precedes the changes seen by EM in GBM.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of extra-renal basement membranes in dogs with Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy.

Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG) in dogs has been employed as a model for human hereditary nephritis (HN), since affected dogs and patients show splitting of glomerular capillary basement membranes by electron microscopy (EM) and absent staining of glomerular capillaries for Goodpasture antigen (GPA) by immunofluorescence (IF). EM and IF were used to examine basement membranes (BM) in skin, lung, choroid plexus, lens, retina, and inner ear in SHG. By EM, BM in these tissues appeared similar in affected male, carrier female, and unaffected dogs. By IF, GPA could be detected only in lens capsule, internal limiting membrane of retina and basilar membrane of inner ear of unaffected and carrier female dogs, but not in affected male dogs. However, eye abnormalities and hearing loss were not present in any dogs, in contrast to their frequent occurrence in human HN. Our findings on extra-renal BM in SHG suggest that GPA is not required to maintain normal vision or hearing in affected male dogs and permit a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of human HN.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reproduction study of toxaphene in the rat.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate in rats the reproductive effects of toxaphene, an insecticidal mixture which has been identified as a pollutant in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Groups of 30 female and 15 male weanling rats were given toxaphene in the diets at 0, 4.0, 20, 100 or 500 ppm in a 1 generation 2 litter reproduction study. Toxaphene treatment at the levels studied had no effects on the litter size, pup weight, fertility, or gestation and survival indices. Toxic effects in the parental rats included depressed weight gain, elevated serum cholesterol, and increased liver and kidney weight and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities. Most of these effects were associated only with 500 ppm toxaphene treatment. Treatment-related histological changes in the liver, thyroid and kidney of adult rats were observed at levels as low as 20 ppm. Based on the data presented, the no observable adverse effect dose of toxaphene was considered to be 4.0 ppm in the diet (0.29-0.38 mg/kg b.w./day depending on the amount of dietary intake).

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1988

Dermal toxicity of a medium-boiling (154-378 degrees C) coal liquefaction product in the rat--Part I.

The subchronic dermal toxicity of a medium-boiling coal liquefaction product (CLP, 154-378 degrees C) was investigated in the rat. CLP was applied to the shaved backs of rats at dose levels of 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg body weight.d, 7 d/wk for a period of 13 wk. Control groups received 0.4 ml/kg of normal saline. Signs of dermal irritation were observed at sites of application in males dosed at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and were characterized by thickened, focally necrotic and ulcerative skin. All animals survived the full length of the treatment period. Growth depression was observed in males at all dose levels, but no significant decrease in weight gain was observed in females. An increase in liver/body weight ratios was observed in all treatment groups of both sexes. The organ/body weight ratios for the spleen, heart, kidney, and brain were also increased in the upper dose groups of both sexes. Treatment with CLP caused a dose-dependent decrease in hemoglobin and packed cell volume in both sexes of all dose groups. The number of erythrocytes was decreased and that of neutrophils was increased in some CLP-treated groups of both sexes. There was a mild myeloid hyperplasia with increased myeloid/erythroid ratios in the 200- and 400-mg/kg groups of both sexes. Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity was increased in all treatment groups of females, and in males dosed at 100 mg/kg and higher. In the renal tubules mild treatment-related histological changes occurred, which consisted of eosinophilic inclusions, increased cytoplasmic volume, and pyknosis. These changes were noted in the high-dose groups of both sexes. These data indicate that the medium-boiling CLP could produce systemic toxicity when applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight.d.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dermal toxicity of a high-boiling (bp 250-450 degrees C) coal liquefaction product in the rat--II.

Coal liquefaction products have been considered as an alternate source of energy to replace conventional crude oil. The present study was designed to investigate the dermal toxicity of a heavy fraction of coal liquefaction product (CLP, bp 250-450 degrees C) in the rat. Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were treated dermally with CLP at dose levels of 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg body weight.d for 6 wk. The controls were treated with 0.4 ml/kg of normal saline, while the positive control group received 400 mg/kg diesel fuel. Growth suppression was observed in all CLP-treated groups of males; in the females this effect occurred in the two highest dose groups. Diesel fuel at 400 mg/kg also caused growth suppression of a similar magnitude to that of CLP in male rats. Male animals treated with high doses of CLP or diesel fuel had severe skin lesions. Increased liver weights were observed in the diesel fuel-treated as well as all CLP-treated groups of females. The kidney weights of females treated with 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg CLP were also higher than control values. Decreased red cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit volume occurred in some CLP and diesel fuel groups of both sexes. There was mild bone marrow hyperplasia in rats of both sexes treated with CLP or diesel fuel. Mild histological changes were observed in the thyroid, liver, bone marrow, and skin of rats of both sexes treated with CLP and diesel fuel. Based on the data presented, dermal application of CLP produced systemic toxicity at the dose levels studied, and CLP and diesel fuel possess toxic effects of similar nature and magnitude.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Alterations in humoral immune response to bovine leukaemia virus antigens in cattle with lymphoma.

Sera collected from cattle with enzootic bovine lymphoma (EBL) were compared to sera from clinically normal bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle for immunoglobulin concentration and for antibodies detecting BLV proteins tested using three different viral isolates. Monoclonal antibodies to bovine immunoglobulin isotypes were used in Western blot analysis to identify isotype reactivity to specific viral antigens. IgG titres to BLV were determined by ELISA. Serum immunoglobulin (G1, G2 and M) concentrations were assessed by radial immunodiffusion. Although EBL was associated with reduced total immunoglobulin production, sera from cattle with EBL had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher specific IgG titres and produced antibodies against a greater and more varied number of BLV proteins than did sera from clinically normal BLV-infected cattle. Variations were consistent within groups of cattle and did not depend on the viral isolate used.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Morphometric evaluation of hepatocellular proliferative lesions in the rat liver.

Classification of rat hepatocellular proliferative lesions can vary between pathologists as the many qualitative histologic criteria have not been satisfactorily evaluated and ranked for prognostic value. Computer-assisted morphometry offers an objective method to evaluate certain cellular features. The Solt-Farber resistant hepatocyte model was used in this study to produce populations of rats with a full range of hepatocellular proliferative lesions. Cellular features within the lesions were then measured morphometrically and the data were analyzed by animal age and by subjective lesion diagnosis. The nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio followed by the cell area and nuclear area were found to be the most important parameters for separating microscopic foci and islands of cellular alteration, an early hyperplastic lesion, from other hepatocellular proliferative lesions. The coefficient of variation, as a relative measure of heterogeneity, increased in a linear manner for cell, nuclear and nucleolar areas as the animals aged and was significantly higher for cell and nuclear area in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to other hepatocellular proliferative lesions. Hepatocyte nodules (representing primarily late hyperplastic lesions) and persistent hepatocyte nodules (lesions with similarities to hepatocellular adenoma) could not be satisfactorily separated within the limits of this study. As these borderline lesions show a continuum of cytologic change, other features, such as architectural change, are necessary to satisfactorily classify them on a subjective basis. An alternative approach is to use discriminant functions derived from morphometric studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Trichlorobenzenes: results of a thirteen week feeding study in the rat.

Trichlorobenzenes (TRCBs) are industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants found in Great Lakes fish. The present study was carried out to provide information on the toxic effects of these chemicals in mammals. Groups of male and female weanling rats were fed diets containing TRCB isomers at 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ppm for 13 weeks. The group of males fed 1000 ppm 1,2,3-TRCB diet had reduced weight gain. No other clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Increased relative liver and kidney weights occurred in the highest dose groups of males for all 3 TRCBs. Of the 3 isomers, only 1,2,4-TRCB at 1000 ppm caused increases in hepatic aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities in male rats, and aminopyrine demethylase in females. Serum biochemical and hematological parameters measured were not affected. All three TRCBs produced histological changes of a moderate degree in the liver and thyroid of male rats at 1,000 ppm. Only 1,3,5-TRCB elicited moderate renal changes in male rats fed 1,000 ppm. Microscopic changes in the females were generally milder than those of the corresponding males. Based on these data it was concluded that the nonobservable adverse effect levels for the three TRCBs were 100 ppm in the diet, or 7.6 approximately 7.8 mg/kg b.w./day depending on the dietary consumption.

Animals↗