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Biomedical subjects

V E Archer

Publications and source records attributed to V E Archer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cooking methods, carcinogens, and diet-cancer studies.

A neglect of natural, preservative, and cooking-induced carcinogens or mutagens in food, along with a neglect of dietary patterns during the first portion of a person's lifetime, may be responsible for the many conflicting epidemiological reports dealing with dietary factors and cancer. From animal and occupational studies, we know that the two most important factors in the study of cancer are the dose of carcinogen and allowance for a long latent period. Most of the recent nutrition and cancer studies have ignored both factors. Some bile acids or other endogenous factors may be influenced by diet and may act as cancer-promoting agents, but promoting agents cannot be studied in the absence of knowledge about, or control of, the cancer-initiating events with which they must interact.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1985

Enhancement of lung cancer by cigarette smoking in uranium and other miners.

There are substantial animal and epidemiological data related to cigarette smoking and lung cancer among miners exposed to elevated levels of radon daughters that appears to be in disagreement. An hypothesis is advanced that explains most of this disagreement as being derived from temporal differences of cancer expression. The hypothesis is that a given radiation exposure induced a finite number of lung cancers, which have shorter latent periods due to the cancer promotion activity of smoke among cigarette smokers. According to this hypothesis, the life-shortening effect is greater among smoking miners than nonsmoking miners, and the ultimate number of lung cancers among smoking miners will be only a little larger than among nonsmokers. The greater number will derive from the additive effect of radiation and smoking, plus the greater force of competing causes of death among elderly nonsmokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Arsenic exposure in a copper smelter as related to histological type of lung cancer.

Tissue samples from lung cancer patients who had worked at a copper smelter and from controls were collected and classified by a panel of pathologists: 38% of the cancers were found to be adenocarcinomas, compared to 12% among the controls, a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05). The predominance of adenocarcinomas was associated with arsenic exposure. This finding is not consistent with Kreyberg's hypothesis that small-cell undifferentiated and epidermoid carcinomas are the only type that increase in response to inhaled carcinogens [1962].

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Health concerns in uranium mining and milling.

Mortality of uranium miners from both lung cancer and other respiratory diseases is strongly dependent on exposure to radon daughters, cigarette smoking and height. Lung cancer among 15 different mining groups (uranium, iron, lead, zinc) was analyzed to determine what factors influence incidence and the induction-latent period. At low exposure or exposure rates, alpha radiation is more efficient in inducing lung cancer, producing an upward convex exposure-response curve. The induction-latent period is shortened by increased age at start of mining, by cigarette smoking and by high exposure rates. For a follow-up period of 20 to 25 years, the incidence increases with age at start of mining, with magnitude of exposure and with amount of cigarette smoking. Instead of extrapolating downward from high exposures to estimate risk at low levels, it is suggested that it might be more appropriate to use cancer rates associated with background radiation as the lowest point on the exposure-response curve. Although health risks are much greater in uranium mines than mills, there is some health risk in the mills from long-lived radioactive materials.

Age Factors↗