Biomedical subjects

V Dreyer

Publications and source records attributed to V Dreyer.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

The first Danish chairs of ophthalmology.

In the last century German medical sciences made up the chief inspiration to the medical profession in Europe. The influence of German ophthalmology spread to Denmark, and accordingly the first Danish professor, Edmund Hansen Grut was trained in the Graefe clinic. His successor, Jannik Bjerrum grew up in southern Jutland, a district later on lost to the German Empire. The hitherto prevailing Danish sympathies with the neighbour in the south vanished after this. Bjerrum thus wrote all his papers in Danish and made no efforts to achieve an international reputation. In contrast, Marius Tscherning, received widespread recognition as a scientist. He spent many years in France. His scientific insights at last brought him to the Danish chair of ophthalmology. The history of the first three professors of ophthalmology, so different in their attitudes, has narrative value, but exemplifies as well the rapid development of the profession in the years 1886-1925.

Denmark↗

PubMed1992

Different patterns of X inactivation in MZ twins discordant for red-green color-vision deficiency.

Two female identical twins who were clinically normal were obligatory heterozygotes for X-linked deuteranomaly associated with a green-red fusion gene derived from their deuteranomalous father. On anomaloscopy, one of the twins was phenotypically deuteranomalous while the other had normal color vision. The color vision-defective twin had two sons with normal color vision and one deuteranomalous son. X-inactivation analysis was done with the highly informative probe M27 beta. This probe detects a locus (DXS255) which contains a VNTR and which is somewhat differentially methylated on the active and inactive X chromosomes. In skin cells of the color vision-defective twin, almost all paternal X chromosomes with the abnormal color-vision genes were active, thereby explaining her color-vision defect. In contrast, a different pattern was observed in skin cells from the woman with normal color vision; her maternal X chromosome was mostly active. However, in blood lymphocytes, both twins showed identical patterns with mixtures of inactivated maternal and paternal X chromosomes. Deuteranomaly in one of the twins is explained by extremely skewed X inactivation, as shown in skin cells. Failure to find this skewed pattern in blood cells is explained by the sharing of fetal circulation and exchange of hematopoietic precursor cells between twins. These data give evidence for X inactivation of the color-vision locus and add another MZ twin pair with markedly different X-inactivation patterns for X-linked traits.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed1988

Light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical examinations of deposits on disposable constant wear lenses.

An inexpensive, disposable soft contact lens for extended wear (DanaLens) has been developed. The lens is polymerized moulded in the wet state from hydroxyethyl methylacrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate. Twenty-two pairs of the lens have in an open study been worn permanently from 1 to 43 days. Light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical examinations of the used lenses showed: superficial deposits on the front surfaces of the lenses of a mucous-like, easily removable material. Neither bacteria nor fungi were demonstrated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Zinc supplementation in alcoholic cirrhosis. A double-blind clinical trial.

A double-blind clinical trial with zinc sulfate, 0.2 g three times daily, and a placebo was performed in 30 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The disease was in a stable phase, and none of the patients showed evidence of a decompensated liver function. Parameters of liver function, taste acuity, dark adaptation and of zinc and vitamin A metabolism were followed for six weeks. In the zinc-treated group of 16 patients, serum zinc rose from a normal mean value of 13.3 to 17.4 mumol/l, whereas the mean serum vitamin A level remained practically unaltered within the normal range, 1.89 at the entry and 1.83 mumol/l at the end of the study. Plasma prothrombin and serum alkaline phosphatase levels of the zinc group increased and serum bilirubin and serum carotene decreased significantly. The dark adaptation did not change, but the taste function was significantly improved during zinc treatment. The results indicate that zinc supplementation causes alleviation of certain abnormalities of cirrhotics, which deserves further attention.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Ergophthalmological studies in the electronic industry.

162 employees, the majority women, in an electronic industry were examined in a joint study involving several ergonomic aspects. Some results concerning visual skills are here extracted from a more comprehensive report. No natural selection of fitted workers could be demonstrated. The visual function was found to be only one component of a multifactorial system, which determines the psychological and physical well-being and productivity of industrial workers. The lack of a sufficient number of abnormal persons and comparable working conditions made it difficult to define limiting visual standards for job performance. Ordinary tests for visual acuity, near vision, heterophoria and stereopsis revealed few facts of importance. More intersting results were obtained when spectacles were evaluated as suitable for the job. 43% of the spectacles were considered insufficient. The use of bifocals did not seem to be related to the need of head movements, and 68% of all the spectacles had tinted glasses, in spite of the fact that the majority of persons wearing them considered the working illumination inadequate. An analysis of the working posture and the visual capacity of the worker should precede the prescription of spectacles for industrial workers.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Morphological, histochemical and X-ray microanalytical examination of deposits on soft contact lenses in extended wearing.

The deposits on 29 contact lenses of various water content from 20 wearers were analysed by the methods given in the title. Six lenses were used as bandage lenses, the remaining for optical correction. The age of the patients varied from 7 to 56 years, two-thirds being under 45 years. Wearing time had been from 1 week to 1 year, with an average of 13 weeks. The results obtained by the methods applied showed that calcium was present in just over two-thirds of the cases (20/29), other elements being infrequent. Mucopolysaccharides were found in just under two-thirds (18/29). Chlorine was present in one-fifth of the cases. No significant amounts of lipid were detected. Fungi were found in three cases (3/29). Bacteria were also found in these cases, but never without fungi. Evaluation of the methods applied showed that the methods of choice were macroscopical examination and scanning microscopy in combination with X-ray microanalysis, in a few cases combined with histochemistry. None of the methods applied is sufficient for protein analysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1974