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Biomedical subjects

V Descamps

Publications and source records attributed to V Descamps.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Human herpesvirus 6 infection associated with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome and reactive haemophagocytic syndrome.

Viral infections are thought to play a part in some cutaneous drug reactions. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), which is the agent of exanthema subitum (sixth disease), has never been implicated in a drug reaction. We report a patient with severe phenobarbital-induced anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome in whom a fulminant haemophagocytic syndrome was associated with HHV6 infection. We discuss the possible role of HHV6 in this reactive condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Skin carcinoma].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1996

Keratinocytes as a target for gene therapy. Sustained production of erythropoietin in mice by human keratinocytes transduced with an adenoassociated virus vector.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Keratinocytes are ideal targets for somatic gene therapy. Among the viral gene transfer systems, adenoassociated virus vectors have recently gained attention. We studied the feasibility of using adenoassociated virus-transduced human keratinocytes to provide a long-term, high-level production of a therapeutic factor after implantation in mice. RESULTS: Transduction of HeLa cells by an adenoassociated virus vector was ascertained by transfer of the beta-galactosidase reporter gene, which was visualized by the blue staining of infected cells after fixation and coloring by X-Gal (the substrate of the reaction for beta-galactosidase activity). In a second step, 2 HeLa cell lines transduced with an AAV harboring the erythropoietin complementary DNA and producing high amounts of erythropoietin in vitro were isolated. After implantation in nude mice, a high-level and long-term increase in hematocrit (for the 1-month duration of the study) was found, which was correlated to the size of the induced tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Adenoassociated virus-transduced HeLa keratinocytes provide high-level, stable, and long-term production of a therapeutic protein in mice. These results must now be extended to human primary keratinocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Strategies for cancer gene therapy using adenoviral vectors.

Modification of tumor cells using gene transfer either to enhance host immunity or to act directly on tumor cells is being intensively studied in animal models. Remarkable results have yielded to approved clinical protocols in the treatment of cancer patients using this approach. Several methods of gene delivery have been developed. This article is particularly devoted to the interest of the use of adenoviral vectors in the different strategies of cancer gene therapy.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1996

LacZ gene transfer into tumor cells abrogates tumorigenicity and protects mice against the development of further tumors.

Numerous studies have shown that the expression of immuno-stimulatory genes in tumor cells can result in the development of antitumoral immunity resulting in the rejection of the tumor cells. We show here that the simple integration and expression of the lacZ gene in the highly tumorigenic murine mastocytoma cell line P815 strongly reduces the cell's tumorigenicity. All the animals having rejected P815-lacZ challenges develop a long-lasting immunity against unmodified P815 cells with all of the animals rejecting further challenges with tumorigenic doses of P815 cells. However, this protective immunity conferred by P815-lacZ, directed against both the nuclearly expressed lacZ and surface tumor antigens, is not sufficient to act as curative immunity. In this immunogenic tumor model the expression of the lacZ antigen is more efficient than the irradiation of the cells to induce a strong immune response and an antitumoral state of vaccination in syngeneic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Paraneoplastic pemphigus in chronic lymphocytic leukemia].

INTRODUCTION: Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease described by precise clinical, histological and immunological features presented by Anhalt in 1990. Prognosis is very severe and depends on the associated neoplasia and the gravity of the mucosal damage. CASE REPORT: Paraneoplastic pemphigus was diagnosed in a 62-year-old man with chronic lymphoid leukemia. The course was favorable up to one-year follow-up after general corticosteroid therapy. DISCUSSION: This case illustrates that paraneoplastic pemphigus can be controlled by general corticosteroids and would suggest the severe prognosis may be improved.

Glucocorticoids↗
PubMed1995

[Skin, a privileged target for gene therapy].

Keratinocytes, fibroblasts and tumour cells of skin cancers can be the target of two different strategies based on gene therapy: direct in vivo gene transfer or in vitro transfer after harvesting skin cells. For in vivo transfer, the problem is to develop techniques which limit effective gene transfer to skin cells without dissemination. For in vitro transfer, the keratinocytes, for example, are isolated and cultured to produce an epithelium comparable to the body surface which is then grafted as has been done for burns for more than a decade. Fibroblasts can also be biopsied and cultured. Transfer systems include use of viral vectors including retroviruses and adenoviruses and inert physicochemical methods currently under development. Theoretically, gene therapy could be used for genodermatoses, expression of local or systemic therapeutic factors and gene-transduced tumour cells for skin cancer. The most rapid developments for gene therapy for the skin will probably be the use of keratinocytes and fibroblasts for the production of local or systemic proteins with a therapeutic effect.

Fibroblasts↗
PubMed1995

[Linitis plastica disclosed by cervical cutaneous metastasis].

INTRODUCTION: A case of a cutaneous metastasis as a first sign of a linitis plastica is reported. CASE REPORT: A 57 year-old man presented for a cervical infiltrated skin plaque. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining gave the diagnosis of metastasis probably of gastrointestinal origin. Gastric endoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a linitis plastica. DISCUSSION: Cutaneous metastases from gastric carcinoma are uncommon and exceptionally the first sign of the disease. Their clinical and histological aspects are reviewed.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Organoids direct systemic expression of erythropoietin in mice.

Organoids are adenoviral vector transduced cells embedded ex vivo in a collagen-polytetrafluoroethylene lattice that is saturated with angiogenic factors. Organoids provide an alternative method of cell mediated gene transfer following implantation in the donor/recipient. The feasibility of adenovirally mediated delivery via organoids using the erythropoietin (Epo) cDNA was tested. Fibroblasts were transduced by two recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding the Macaca cynomolgus Epo cDNA, driven by a viral (RSV LTR) or a murine housekeeping gene promoter (PGK-1). A functional in vivo assay was used to monitor Epo production via the rise in hematocrit(s) (hct). The hct remained elevated for as long as 6 weeks after implantation. Subcutaneous implants gave consistently higher hct than intraperitoneal implants, while organoids made with a greater number of cells, or an equal number of cells transduced at higher multiplicities of infection (MOI) also produced a larger increase in hct. AdPGKEpo-organoids produced a greater increase in hct than AdRSVEpo-organoids under comparable conditions, but the duration of expression was similar. A 10- to 50-fold lower input of AdRSVEpo using organoids versus direct intravenous injections resulted in an equal to, or greater than hct response in mice. Explanted organoids caused a rapid decrease in the hct of mice. Organoid supernatant had little or no detectable free viral particles making this method safe from unwanted recombinant adenovirus dissemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Skin and gene therapy. Hopes and realities].

Genetic therapy is developing rapidly in dermatology. Because they are highly accessible and can be cultured and grafted, skin cells are an excellent application for this still experimental therapeutic approach. There are several possible applications in skin diseases. In this review we discuss the techniques of gene transfer, experimental results and future perspectives as well as the limitations of this new therapeutic strategy.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1994

Erythropoietin gene transfer and expression in adult normal mice: use of an adenovirus vector.

A hormonal model of erythropoietin (Epo) delivery by use of an adenovirus vector was investigated. We constructed a replication-defective adenovirus carrying the monkey (cynomolgus) Epo cDNA under control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter. Fifty 8-week-old mice were injected with escalating doses of the recombinant virus from 10(6) to 10(10) plaque-forming units (pfu). Different modes of administration were studied. Intravenous (i.v.) injection was the most effective mode of administration and exhibited a dose-dependent response. After a single i.v. injection with high doses (5 x 10(9) and 10(10) pfu), a dramatic increase in hematocrit (Hct) and long-term Epo expression (6 months at this time) were observed. Intravenous administration with lower doses and intramuscular (i.m.) administration were inefficient or had a very transient effect. A localized muscle attrition prior to i.m. administration of 10(10) pfu enhanced Hct response. This initial study opens the way for high level and durable Epo therapy by gene transfer. Moreover, this recombinant virus provides a convenient means to study the efficacy, duration, and safety aspects of hormonal delivery by an adenoviral vector.

Adenoviridae↗