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V Cerný

Publications and source records attributed to V Cerný.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

A bidirectional corridor in the Sahel-Sudan belt and the distinctive features of the Chad Basin populations: a history revealed by the mitochondrial DNA genome.

The Chad Basin was sparsely inhabited during the Stone Age, and its continual settlement began with the Holocene. The role played by Lake Chad in the history and migration patterns of Africa is still unclear. We studied the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability in 448 individuals from 12 ethnically and/or economically (agricultural/pastoral) different populations from Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria. The data indicate the importance of this region as a corridor connecting East and West Africa; however, this bidirectional flow of people in the Sahel-Sudan Belt did not erase features peculiar to the original Chad Basin populations. A new sub-clade, L3f2, is described, which together with L3e5 is most probably autochthonous in the Chad Basin. The phylogeography of these two sub-haplogroups seems to indicate prehistoric expansion events in the Chad Basin around 28,950 and 11,400 Y.B.P., respectively. The distribution of L3f2 is virtually restricted to the Chad Basin alone, and in particular to Chadic speaking populations, while L3e5 shows evidence for diffusion into North Africa at about 7,100 Y.B.P. The absence of L3f2 and L3e5 in African-Americans, and the limited number of L-haplotypes shared between the Chad Basin populations and African-Americans, indicate the low contribution of the Chad region to the Atlantic slave trade.

Chad↗
PubMed2006

Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging.

The microcirculation plays a crucial role in the interaction between blood and tissues both in physiological and pathophysiological states. Despite its critical role in numerous diseases including diabetes, hypertension, sepsis or multiple organ failure, methods for direct visualization and quantitative assessment of human microcirculation at the bedside are limited. Orthogonal polarization spectral (OPS) imaging is a relatively new noninvasive method for assessment of human microcirculation without using fluorescent dyes. Recent clinical studies using OPS imaging in various pathological states have shown a wide spectrum of different clinical applications with evident impact on the diagnosis, treatment or prognosis assessment. Thus, there is a great effort to validate OPS imaging for various clinical purposes. The principles of OPS imaging, validation studies, its advantages, limitations, methods of quantitative assessment and current experience in clinical practice are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

MtDNA of Fulani nomads and their genetic relationships to neighboring sedentary populations.

Despite the large size of the contemporary nomadic Fulani population (roughly 13 million people), the genetic diversity and degree of differentiation of Fulanis compared to other sub-Saharan populations remain unknown. We sampled four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso) and analyzed sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the haplotypes belong to haplogroups of West African origin, such as L1b, L3b, L3d, L2b, L2c, and L2d (79.6% in total), which are all well represented in each of the four geographically separated samples. The haplogroups of Western Eurasian origin, such as J1b, U5, H, and V, were also detected but in rather low frequencies (8.1% in total). As in African hunter-gatherers (Pygmies and Khoisan) and some populations from central Tunisia (Kesra and Zriba), three of the Fulani nomad samples do not reveal significant negative values of Fu's selective neutrality test. The multidimensional scaling of FST genetic distances of related sub-Saharan populations and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) show clear and close relationships between all pairs of the four Fulani nomad samples, irrespective of their geographic origin. The only group of nomadic Fulani that manifests some similarities with geographically related agricultural populations (from Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria) comes from Tcheboua in northern Cameroon.

Africa South of the Sahara↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical management of major scrotal hernias].

The scope of options for the inguinal hernias management is wide. However, in case of major scrotal hernias, the Lichtenstein hernioplasty, using a mesh, or the Prolen Hernia System (PHS), are the most commonly used methods. Only in cases of generalized malignant disorders and cardiopulmonary insufficiencies, the procedure is contraindicated. Postoperative haematoma, mesh infection, deterioration of the pulmonary functions, resp. deterioration of the cardiac venous return and testicular atrophy are the risks of the procedure. The authors present a case-review of a 48-year old male with bilateral scrotal hernias, operated in two stages according to Lichtenstein.

Genital Diseases, Male↗
PubMed2006

[Hartmann's resection of the large intestine--a method still useful].

UNLABELLED: Hartmann's procedure is an operation indicated especially in emergency cases for left-sided colonic pathology where primary anastomosis is considered unsafe. METHODS: Retrospective study 95 patients who underwent Hartmann's procedure over a 5 year period in the Surgical Clinic of the University Hospital in Pilsen. RESULTS: 81 (85%) operations were emergency procedures. 45 (47%) operations were done for the malignant disease, the remaining 50 (53%) for benign disease (33 for complications of diverticular disease). Median age of patients was 69.4 years. The 30-day mortality rate was 16.8%. 37 patients had colostomy reversed, after a mean of 5.6 months with no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hartmann's procedure is a safe method. Our results are similar to results collected by foreign clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[What is the future of our genome?].

Where do we go and what will happen with our genomes? Viewed as a reflection of what we know about our origin as Homo sapiens, history and forecast. Archeogenetics tries to find our sourcing place and to explain how humans occupied the globe. One of the first theories based on mtDNA polymorphisms@ studies stressed on our African origin followed by stepwise dispersal all over the world which took approximately 80,000 years. But not all findings agreed with this assumption if based on nuclear loci and supported multifocal origin of humans. The process of establishing a new species--Homo sapiens, is still not fully understood and many questions remained unanswered. From the point of view of population genetics we can assume that: 1. Mutability (natural or from internal causes) does not change though we cannot neglect suspicion that environment could influence its increase. The content of harming mutations in our genome, due to the protective effect of health care, which blocks natural selection, is increasing and moreover changes of our life style opened the door for manifestation of week deleterious alleles accumulated during foregoing period of evolution. Also prolongation of our life span is accompanied with effects of genotypes positively selected because of their positive effect on our reproductive period but which could be harmful during postreproductive stage--antagonistic pleiotropy. 2. According traditional assumption on the quality of new mutations is that they are either neutral or harming. Changes which are drift-dependent are becoming reduced. 3. Effective population size (steady state could be supposed or some increase due to more intensive local migration). 4. Migration (In spite of absence of corresponding demographic data) seems to be nowadays more intensive than it was in the past.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2003

[Withdrawing respiratory support in patients in intensive care].

BACKGROUND: End of life decisions have been considered as an important part of making decisions in terminally critically ill patients. Withdrawing mechanical ventilation (terminal weaning) represents one of the procedures limiting life support therapy. The aim of the study was to examine the clinical experiences of limiting ventilatory support at tertiary care hospital ICU in Czech Republic. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective, descriptive study of all patients experienced terminal weaning (TW) in years 1999-2001 was conducted. Diagnosis, length of ICU stay (LOS) in days before decision of TW was made, duration of TW (TW time = time from starting TW to cardiac arrest in minutes), way of TW and difference in TW time between selected patients subgroups were also evaluated. Selected data are presented as mean or median, t-test or Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test were used, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The TW procedure was employed in 46 patients, stepwise reduction of ventilatory support was performed in 23 patients, ventilator withdrawal procedure in 23 patients. The mean TW time in all patients was 188 minutes. There was shorter TW time in patients with analgosedation comparing to those without (median 17, resp. 161 minutes, p = 0.002). Patients without respiratory activity showed shorter TW time comparing to patients with preserved respiratory activity (median 17, resp. 85 minutes, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Terminal weaning represents an important part of processes of discontinuing life-sustaining therapies in terminally critically ill patients. There is medical, ethical and legal basis to employ this procedure at intensive care unit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Gastric tonometry and intramucosal pH--theoretical principles and clinical application.

Gastric or intestinal luminal tonometry is a method for monitoring critically ill patients. It offers an index of the adequacy of aerobic metabolism in a tissue that is particularly sensitive to alterations in its perfusion and oxygenation: the gut mucosa. It is based on the measuring the increase in tissue CO2 production that accompanies anaerobic metabolism. The method simply consists of a balloon in the stomach, which measures intramucosal pCO2. From this measurement and from the arterial bicarbonate concentration gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) can be calculated, assuming that bicarbonate concentration in the gastric mucosal tissue is in equilibrium with systemic arterial bicarbonate. Despite possible clinical benefit from the measurement and the therapy of low pHi values in critically ill patients, the theoretical, experimental and pathophysiological implications for the monitoring of intramucosal acidosis in the gut are not yet fully understood. There are still some open methodological questions crucial for further clinical interpretation.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1998

[The effect of endometrial infection on embryo implantation in the IVF and ET program].

The results of the IVF and ET programme depend on a number of known and hitherto unknown factors. One of them is implantation of the embryo. Only 10-15% of the embryos transferred into the uterus are implanted. The most important factors affecting implantation are quality of the embryo and receptivity of the endometrium. The receptivity of the endometrium depends on hormonal changes, vascularization of the uterus, infectious environment and other factors. Part of them can be influenced to a certain extent. Infection of the endometrium as the cause of unsuccessful implantation could be resolved by therapeutic administration of antibiotics. The objective of the present work was to prove the possible effect of bacterial contamination of the endometrium on results of IVF + ET programmes. During 1996-1997 120 sterile women included in the IVF + ET programme were examined at the First Gynaecological and Obstetric Clinic (transport system-Pronatal, Prague). In all women the author performed during the cycle preceding the stimulated one (the IVF cycle proper) microabrasion of the endometrium by a method which prevents as much as possible contamination of the specimen by the endocervical flora. A smear from the endocervix and vagina was made. The samples were examined for the presence of aerobic and anaerobic flora, Chlamydiae. The endometrium was evaluated also from the histopathological aspect. Results of the examination of the endometrium: 62% of the specimens were positive on cultivation. Most frequently Pseudomonas spec. and Staph. epidermidis were found. Of 34 women who became pregnant 10 had a positive cultivation (29.4%). Of 86 women where pregnancy was not achieved, cultivation was positive in 64 (74.4%). This difference is statistically significant. The same cultivation finding from the endocervix and endometrium was observed only in 21% patients. From the trial where more than twice as many positive cultivations were recorded in non-conceptive cycles as compared with conceptive ones, the following preliminary conclusions can be drawn: 1. Elimination of endometrial infection has its place in the preparation of patients in the IVF + ET programme. 2. It is advisable to treat with antibiotics a positive cultivation of the endometrium or administer antibiotics prophylactically (62% positive) to all patients during a stimulated IVF cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Detection of cadmium and zinc in the blood and follicular fluid in women in the IVF and ET program].

Scientific and technical development contributed on the one hand greatly to easier living conditions, on the other hand there is however substantially greater danger threatening not only the life of man but also of nature, of the entire living environment. At present the problem of the possible part played by this phenomenon in reproductive disorders is in the foreground. Via the food chain heavy metals, toxic trace elements and polyhalogenic hydrocarbons penetrate into the organism. They accumulate in the organism and thus also in the reproductive tract and may have an impact on fertility. Some elements with a possible negative impact on reproductive health are in such low concentrations in tissues that only contemporary methods of their detection make it possible to map their presence in the organism. They are called trace elements. Toxic ones comprise cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. The mechanism of the negative action of cadmium in the organism is most probably due to its competition with the vitally important trace element--zinc. It was therefore the objective of the present investigation to trace the presence of cadmium and zinc in the organism of 100 sterile women included in an IVF programme: in blood and follicular fluid (i.e. in a medium which surrounds the gamete--the oocyte) and to follow up their concentrations in relation to achievement pregnancy. Cadmium and zinc in blood and follicular fluid were assessed on a mass spectrometer with induction bound plasma as the source of ions (ICP-MS), Varian Co. produced in 1994. The assessed mean levels (microgram/l) of cadmium in blood (2.88 s 2.71) and follicular fluid (1.25 s 0.55) in the group of conception cycles did not differ significantly from mean blood levels (2.82 s 2.22) and follicular levels (1.16 s 0.55) of non-conception cycles. The mean zinc levels in blood and follicular fluid did not differ either in the group of conception and non-conception cycles. Very significant are the differences in the blood and follicular fluid levels, the levels in follicular fluid being significantly lower. We may speak of a protective barrier of the oocyte formed by the follicle (probably the cells of the granulosa) against blood. Thus no relationship was found between the cadmium concentration in blood and follicular fluid of women where pregnancy was achieved and non-pregnant women. The possible cause of fertility disorders in conjunction with toxic elements is probably in damage of the granulosa cells and thus their dysfunction as regards production of steroid hormones with full impact on female fertility (hormone disruptors).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Sactosalpinx, one of the factors affecting the results of in vitro fertilization].

The tubal factor of sterility is nowadays already a classical and also the most frequent indication for including the patient in a programme of in vitro fertilization--embryo transfer (IVF-ET) [3]. Tubal sterility has a multifactorial etiology. The causes include unilateral or bilateral sactosalpinx, distal and proximal obstructions, intraluminal or extramural adhesions. In many patients with damaged oviducts who were included in our IVF programme we recorded repeatedly failures despite an adequate ovarian response to the stimulation by menogonadotropins, uncomplicated collection of oocytes, equal numbers of collected oocytes, similar fertilization and embryo transfer of high standard embrya. In this group of patients sactosalpinx was frequently encountered. Recent investigations assume that the presence of sactosalpinx reduces the implantation rate, pregnancy rate, increases early gestation losses and the incidence of extrauterine pregnancies [12, 5, 14]. In the submitted paper the authors evaluated the possible effect of sactosalpinx on the results of the IVF-ET programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Anticardiolipin antibodies and oncofetal antigens in pregnant women].

The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in the blood stream is associated with some reproductive disorders in women. In the serum of 84 pregnant women, using the Elisa method, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were examined. The first group of 53 women was formed by women with pathological levels of at least one of the oncofoetal antigens (alpha-1-fetoprotein-AFP, human chorionic gonadotropin-HCG and trophoblast-specific beta-1-glycoprotein- SP1). The second group of 31 pregnant women comprised women hospitalized on account of a risk pregnancy. In the first group women with reduced HCG were most frequently represented, where in 8.8% positive ACA were recorded. Of 11 patients with elevated HCG only in one the presence of ACA was detected. In nine pregnant women with reduced HCG and SP1 or AFP ACA positivity was found in 44.4%. In the second group ACA were detected in the serum of six pregnant women who had also pathological SP1 or HCG levels. From the results ensues that ACA could interfere with transduction signalizing processes in the cell and thus influence the synthesis of some proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The transport system in the in vitro fertilization program].

The programme of in vitro fertilization helps at present successfully to resolve the problem of sterility in an ever increasing number of married couples. It is, however, a method which is very pretentious from the technical aspect, from the aspect of time and financial demands. Therefore in February 1994 with the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child in Prague-Podolí collaboration in the Transport IVF programme was started. In our clinic the first two stages of the IVF programme are implemented, i.e. stimulation of the ovaries and aspiration of the follicles. The patients of our centre for sterility are included in the programme, if the following indications are present: tubal factor 82%, idiopathic sterility 4%, the remainder being endometriosis, andrological factor and others. The majority of women were in the age group from 30-35 years. Stimulation is most frequently implemented by GnRh analogues and menopausal gonadotropins, aspiration of follicles by the transvaginal route with short analgosedation under so-called semi-ambulatory conditions. The aspirated follicular fluid is immediately stored in a special transport incubator G-812 of K-system Co., Denmark. Within 20 minutes it is taken by the patient's husband to the embryological laboratory of the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child in Prague-Podolí. Between February and December 1994 a total of 69 aspirations in 56 patients were made and 15 pregnancies were achieved. It is 23% pregnancies by transfer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Antiphospholipid antibodies in women with reproductive disorders].

The authors examined in serum of 121 women, using the ELISA method, anticardiolipine antibodies (ACA) class IgG and IgM. The examined women were divided into a group of women with a normal pregnancy (n = 14), a group of women with imminent abortion during the first trimester (n = 10) and a group of women treated for prolonged periods on account of sterility (n = 97). In women with a normal pregnancy only in one a positive titre in the IgG class was recorded. In the group with imminent abortion a positive ACA titre was found in three patients (30%); in women with negative results of the ACA examination, pregnancy continued. In sterile women positive ACA tests were recorded in 14.5%.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1994

[Determination of antiphospholipid antibodies in serum using ELISA].

The authors compare two ELISA methods for the assessment of antiphospholipid antibodies, classes IgG and IgM, in serum: ELISA Pin Plate System ALPHA DIALAB Co. and the ELISA method developed in the Research Institute of Rheumatic Diseases. Both methods use cardiolipin as antigen. In the Pin Plate test the immunochemical reaction antigen/antibody does not take place at the surface of the pits of the microtitration plates but on the tip of the next plate. The results of examinations of antiphospholipid antibodies obtained by the tested methods are comparable, the Pin Plate test is quicker and more sensitive, but its price limits routine use.

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid↗
PubMed1993

Use of mild periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining for ultrahistochemical demonstration of glycoconjugates in the human uterine epithelium.

The human uterine epithelium has been studied by means of mild (0.1, 0.01% respectively) periodic acid (PA) oxidation followed by thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining. Distribution of silver deposits provided evidence for glycoconjugates and was in the case of oxidation with 0.01% PA selective for sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) complexes. The electron dense silver particles were detectable at the outer side of apical plasma membranes and on the inner surface of lysosomal membranes. Also the marginal zone of lipid droplets reacted regularly. Since the lower concentration of PA proves sialogycoconjugates selectively, the positive staining depicted not only those in the membrane compartments but also as a layer between the hydrophobic content and the hydrophilic cytoplasm. In the granular endoplasmic reticulum of the individual microvillous cells a special glycoprotein of paracrystalline organisation was detected. The functional significance of this substance remains unclear. Nuclear channel systems (NCS) are frequently observed in the epithelial cells in the uterine glands. Similar staining properties of the NCS and nuclear envelope support the hypothesis of its nuclear origin.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1993

[The short-bowel syndrome].

This study was designed to asses the clinical course of five children with a short bowel syndrome after massive intestinal resection during neonatal period. On the basis of their experience the authors analyze some properties that may be advantageous in this syndrome and discuss the most important factors, including enteral feeding at an early postresection stage, which influence a full development of the small bowel adaptive mechanisms. They point out that so called "short gut colitis", sometimes occurring during advancement of enteral nutrition, can be successfully treated by sulphasalazine. The authors come to the conclusion that the prognosis for newborn infants undergoing an excessive bowel resection is far well thanks to enhancement of the intestinal adaptation by a combination of a long-term parenteral nutrition with enteral feeding.

Female↗