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Biomedical subjects

V C Marshall

Publications and source records attributed to V C Marshall.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Evaluation of UW solution in a rat kidney preservation model. I. Effect of hydroxyethyl starch and electrolyte composition.

Preservation of rat kidneys by simple ice-storage has been demonstrated after 48 hr using the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution; hypothermic preservation of the rat kidney was dramatically improved. A modified UW solution without hydroxyethyl starch (HES) also gave uniform survival after 48 hr of storage, and even better function and morphology. Substitution of HES from another source also improved renal function when compared with UW (Dupont) and it is suggested that prolonged storage of UW solution prior to use may reduce its effectiveness. Reversing the Na:K ratio of the solution still allowed successful preservation, but significantly worsened morphology of the surviving kidney.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of UW solution in rat kidney preservation. II. The effect of pharmacological additives.

The present studies show clearly that both dexamethasone and insulin can be omitted without altering the efficacy of UW. Adenosine and glutathione are both helpful additives, as is allopurinol. These findings suggest an important role of reperfusion injury after preservation, and confirm the benefits of adding pharmacological agents likely to reduce this injury. Cold ischemic damage was significantly ameliorated by UW solution in this stringent model of rat kidney preservation for 48 hr. A substantially simplified modification of UW solution has been shown to give equally effective kidney preservation, after removal of hydroxyethyl starch, dexamethasone, and insulin. Adenosine, glutathione, and allopurinol have been confirmed as helpful pharmacological additives. These findings have defined some of the mechanisms of effectiveness of UW solution and suggest avenues of further exploration to improve simple hypothermic storage and to prevent reperfusion injury.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1990

Effects of publishing multiple-choice questions on their subsequent item analysis.

A prospective study was carried out to determine what effects publication within a multiple-choice question (MCQ) book of 63 selected items from a bank had on their performance in subsequent examinations. A closely corresponding group of 63 unpublished questions set both before and after publication of the book was used as control. The specific outcomes studied were those on facility index, r biserial discriminating index and differences in performance between abler (upper 25%) and weaker (lower 25%) candidates. The mean facility index of the published questions increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after publication, while no significant change was observed in the mean facility index of control questions (P greater than 0.05) or in the mean discriminating index of published (P greater than 0.05) and control (P greater than 0.05) questions. Contrary to expectations the mean facility index of published questions increased, after publication, to a greater extent (P less than 0.01) for abler candidates than for weaker candidates. The study supports the hypothesis that publication of questions from a bank makes them easier to answer. The practice of adjusting the cut-off mark for passing according to the proportion of published questions in a given examination, however, is not justified. The findings highlight the need to advise less able candidates to make greater use of the MCQ book in preparing for an examination.

Australia↗
PubMed1989

The importance of the hepatic artery in rat liver transplantation.

The hepatic artery is important in preventing biliary ischemia and obstruction after bile duct reconstruction or orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. A technique of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat with reestablishment of the arterial inflow is described, suitable for studies in immunology and preservation. Reestablishment of both venous and arterial inflow is required to minimize biliary complications. General survival, hepatic cellular function, and biliary drainage are all improved by rearterialization. In all these features, the rat illustrates characteristics applicable to human liver transplantation. The vital requirement of the adequacy of blood supply to the bile duct in liver transplantation surgery in all species is highlighted by these findings, which indicate clearly the importance of an arterial blood supply in rat liver transplantation and bile duct surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Papillary necrosis in experimental renal transplantation in the rat.

Renal papillary necrosis is a frequent complication of unsuccessful renal transplantation in rats, occurring in both isografts and allografts. Papillary necrosis does not occur alone, but only and inevitably in association with severe cortical damage. The pattern of the lesion is different from other forms of papillary necrosis in that the least severe lesions occur in the outer medulla and the more severe lesions involve both medulla and papilla. The incidence of papillary necrosis is increased in isografts, but not in allografts, by longer preservation times. It is suggested that the principal underlying cause may be damage to medullary capillaries, occurring either during preservation or as a consequence of rejection and leading to medullary ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Rat pancreas preservation for transplantation.

This study has shown that phosphate-buffered sucrose is a suitable preserving solution for the cold storage of rat pancreata for 24 hours. Isotonic citrate does not appear to be as effective a preserving solution under these conditions. Preservation of endocrine function is evident, but preservation of exocrine function is effected by obstruction or occlusion of the ductocystostomy, which may occur some time after transplantation and may not be related to transplant conditions.

Amylases↗