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Biomedical subjects

V Bhargava

Publications and source records attributed to V Bhargava.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hemostatic changes in neonates with anoxia and sepsis.

Hemostatic profile (prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), kaolin cephalin clotting time (KCCT), plasma fibrinogen, serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and platelet counts) was examined in 153 neonates with birth anoxia and 86 with sepsis. Remarkable hemostatic alterations occurred in neonates with severe anoxia and sepsis, while those with moderate anoxia exhibited minimal or no change. Vitamin K administration to anoxic babies showed no improvement in the hemostatic profile after 48-72 hours. The hemostatic alterations were presumably due to incipient disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In spite of the marked coagulation changes, only 3 neonates with sepsis and none of the anoxic newborns presented with clinical bleeding indicating a well balanced hemostatic mechanism.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Calculating cardiac output from transmitral volume flow using Doppler and M-mode echocardiography.

To simplify transmitral volume flow determination by Doppler echocardiography, a formula for calculating mean mitral valve orifice area using M-mode echocardiography without any 2-dimensional measurements was developed and evaluated in this study. The maximal mitral orifice area was assumed to be circular and its diameter was calculated from the maximal M-mode mitral leaflet separation. The maximal area was multiplied by the mean to maximal anterior mitral leaflet excursion ratio to correct for phasic changes in flow orifice area during ventricular filling. This measurement had a high correlation (r = 0.97, standard error of the estimate + 0.26 cm2) with mean mitral valve orifice area calculated from frame-by-frame analysis of short-axis 2-dimensional echoes in a select group of 10 normal volunteers and 10 patients with cardiomyopathy who had very high quality images of the mitral valve leaflet tips. Cardiac output calculated using the new method for orifice area estimation combined with apex view mitral valve Doppler velocities was then validated in 48 consecutive patients undergoing thermodilution cardiac output determinations with a close correlation between Doppler and thermodilution cardiac output (2.3 to 6.1 liter/min, r = 0.93, standard error of the estimate = 362 ml). The correlation improved when 12 patients with mild mitral insufficiency were excluded (r = 0.95). The M-mode echocardiogram-derived mitral valve orifice method combined with Doppler mitral valve velocities is accurate, easy to perform, has a high success rate and should increase the applicability of Doppler echocardiography for estimation of cardiac output.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bone marrow granulomas: clinicopathologic findings in 72 cases and review of the literature.

Of 6,988 bone marrow biopsies seen from 1973 to 1986, granulomas were identified in 72 specimens. In this period, biopsies doubled, but the yearly incidence of granulomas increased from 0.3% to 2.2%. The granulomas were associated with infectious disease (30%), hematologic disorders (25%), sarcoidosis (11%), nonhematologic malignancies (10%), drug reaction (5%), other diseases (6%), and no final diagnosis (6%). In contrast to studies reporting a high incidence of tuberculosis and histoplasmosis, we found incidences of 6% and 4%, respectively. The proportion of hematologic disorders was constant from 1973 to 1986, while the rate of infectious disease increased from 19% in 1973-1979 to 32% in 1980-1986. The incidence of sarcoidosis dropped from 32% to 3%. Patients with fever of unknown origin were 15 times more likely to have marrow granulomas than patients biopsied for other reasons. We have documented an increase in the incidence of marrow granulomas with a corresponding change in the clinical profile. Some possible new disease and drug associations have been identified.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Hemostatic parameters in newborn--I. Effect of gestation and rate of intrauterine growth.

The present study comprises of 208 term, 159 preterm and 18 post-term neonates born to mothers with no history of drug intake or any disease likely to effect coagulation of the newborn. PT, TT and KCCT were relatively prolonged and plasma fibrinogen reduced to varying degree in newborns (as compared to adults). There was further prolongation of TT and reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels amongst preterm newborns as compared to term babies; TT was more prolonged amongst post-term babies also. PT was significantly more prolonged till 30 weeks of gestation, after which a near plateau was formed. KCCT showed significant improvement after 33 weeks and a further trend to normalisation after 38 weeks of gestation. Serum FDP values showed too much of variation for any meaningful statistical analysis but generally FDPs were higher in preterm babies. Intrauterine growth rate had no significant effect on these parameters amongst preterms - similar values for SGA (small for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age). On the other hand, amongst term babies SGA neonates had significantly prolonged PT and low plasma fibrinogen as compared to AGA; LGA babies also showed more prolongation of TT as compared to AGA.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1986

Hemostatic parameters in newborn--II. Sequential study during the first four weeks of life.

A sequential study of kaolin cephalin clotting time (KCCT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), plasma fibrinogen and serum FDP was conducted during the first four weeks of life on term and preterm babies. A "physiological dip" of PT and TT was noted inappropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies both term and preterm; in case of KCCT, the dip was significant in term AGA babies only. At the end of four weeks, PT and TT had moderately improved in term babies but showed little improvement in preterm ones; KCCT reached almost an adult value in all babies except in preterm AGA and term LGA (large for gestational age) ones. Plasma fibrinogen showed no "physiological dip" and reached adult level in two to four weeks. Serum FDP levels were appreciably raised in preterm AGA babies only at birth and there too normalised by 72 h.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Beyond the principle of similitude: renormalization in the bronchial tree.

The average dimensions (diameter, length, and volume) of the airways in the mammalian bronchial tree, long thought to be exponential functions of the generation number, are shown to be power laws in generation number modulated by a harmonic variation. These data are satisfactorily described by means of a functional scaling relation--renormalization group property--between successive generations for the average variable of interest. This type of scaling may provide a mechanism for the morphogenesis of complex but highly stable structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Atropine unmasks bed-rest effect: a spectral analysis of cardiac interbeat intervals.

Bed-rest deconditioning is suspected to reduce cardiac reserve, possibly by impairing autonomic function. Heart rate response in normal subjects reveals considerable variability, reflected by a relatively broadband interbeat interval power spectrum. A reduction in this autonomically modulated variability would be predicted to cause a narrowing of the spectrum. We retrospectively analyzed data from 10 aerobically conditioned men (age range 35-49 yr) who had undergone orthostatic tolerance testing with lower body negative pressure pre-bed rest and after 7-10 days of bed rest, while on placebo and after intravenous atropine. Spectra were derived by Fourier analysis of 128 interbeat interval data sets. Spectral power was estimated by computing the root-mean-square (rms) values (mean +/- SD) for the band encompassing the 2nd to 64th harmonics from subjects with a sufficient number of beats: placebo rms is 93 +/- 33 ms for pre-bed rest and 84 +/- 38 ms for bed rest (NS, n = 6); atropine rms is 63 +/- 24 ms for pre-bed rest and 40 +/- 23 ms for bed rest (P less than 0.01; n = 7). These data suggest that atropine "unmasks" a deconditioning effect of bed rest in athletic men, evidenced by a reduction in interbeat interval spectral power not apparent with placebo. Spectral analysis offers a useful means of quantitating the effects of bed-rest deconditioning and autonomic perturbations on cardiac dynamics.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial asymmetry and Fibonacci scaling.

The irregular branching pattern of the bronchial tree in multiple mammalian species is consistent with a process of morphogenetic self-similarity described by Fibonacci scaling.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

On a mechanism of cardiac electrical stability. The fractal hypothesis.

Electrical activation of the ventricles via the His-Purkinje system is represented on the body surface by a waveform with a broad range of frequency components. We speculate that this process is mediated by current flow through a fractal-like conduction network and therefore that the broadband spectrum of the depolarization waveform should be scaled as a power-law distribution. The prediction is confirmed by Fourier analysis of electrocardiographic data from healthy men. This observation suggests a new dynamical link between nonlinear (fractal) structure and nonlinear function in a stable physiologic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dilated cardiomyopathy: utility of the transverse: frontal plane QRS voltage ratio.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with an increase in transverse plane QRS voltage but a decrease in frontal plane QRS voltage. To study this paradoxical relationship further, electrocardiograms (ECGs) were retrospectively analyzed from five groups of men. Frontal plane QRS voltage was computed as the sum of peak-to-trough QRS amplitudes in the two limb leads with highest QRS voltage; transverse QRS voltage as the maximum peak-to-trough QRS voltage in leads [V1 or V2] + [V5 or V6]. The transverse:frontal plane QRS voltage ratio was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater in 26 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (3.0 +/- 1.3) compared to 29 patients with compensated aortic valve disease (2.0 +/- 0.6), 30 healthy men (2.0 +/- 0.6) and 20 patients with ischemic heart disease and relatively normal left ventricular function (1.9 +/- 0.8), but not significantly different from the ratio for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (2.3 +/- 1.1). This differential effect of dilated cardiomyopathy on transverse and frontal plane QRS voltages, which probably relates to a combination of mechanical and vectorial factors, may be the basis of a useful new ECG sign.

Adult↗