[Prevention of occupational diseases of the ENT organs].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V B Pankova.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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The medically preventive aspects of driving safety for engine drivers without an assistant are considered in the paper. It shows it necessary to solve the problem of preventing the fatigue of the visual and acoustic analyzers in the drivers in the research setting and to optimize the control desk and the driver's whole cab.
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Experience in ensuring safe traffic at the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene is summarized. Various aspects of this line of activities, such as medicopsychological professional selection, medical examination of engine-drivers, training how to behave in emergency, etc., are considered. Some new medical problems in ensuring safe traffic are presented.
Occupational morbidity in railway transport is discussed. The rates of occupational morbidity are compared with that due to temporary working incapacity. There were no direct correlations between the incidence of major nosological entities of occupational diseases, the magnitude and rate of influence of industrial factors, which provides evidence for their further testing and correction.
The paper discusses whether industrial factors can influence the emotional sphere of railway workers. It outlines the basic trends of recreative measures and the principle of their use in emotional disorders.
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The paper shows the specific features of development of occupational diseases associated with the classes of working conditions by the degree of hazard and risk. It provides a scientifically founded evidence for that the indicators of a potential risk of working conditions should be included into the methodology of assessment of a professional risk.
The paper presents data on environmental factor-induced changes in human health. The health status was studied in rail workers living and working in the areas exposed to radiation. This demonstrated a higher incidence of neoplasms, anemias, alimentary and circulatory diseases. Children had a high incidence of chronic lymphonoid tissue diseases and anemias. It is suggested that a complex of negative environmental factors is formed not only by radiation, but also by industrial pollution of the areas and by adverse and hazardous occupational factors.
The paper outlines the main constituents of occupational risk in railway workers, which are based on the sanitary and biomedical criteria of injury safety. Sociomedical aspects of the incidence of railway occupational diseases and injuries are discussed. A list of major occupational factors and causes that determine a high occupational risk in railway workers is given.
The paper deals with environment-induced changes in the health status of the population living in areas exposed to factors associated with the activities of railway objects and associates them with the data obtained from a comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution at the present level of technological process of an object under study, in this case it is a locomotive depot in one of the towns of the Moscow Region.