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V Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to V Anderson.

118 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
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Assessment of attention following pre-school traumatic brain injury: a behavioural attention measure.

This study investigated attentional impairments and recovery in pre-school children following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children aged between 3-8 years were assigned to two groups on the basis of severity of injury: (i) mild TBI and (ii) severe TBI. Children were evaluated at the acute stage postinjury (0-3 months) and again at 6 months on a range of standardized intellectual and attention measures. In addition, a specifically developed behavioural attention measure was employed. Results revealed a tendency for children with severe injuries to exhibit greater attentional impairments in the acute phase post-injury. In addition, children who sustained a severe TBI demonstrated significant recovery in attentional functioning over time. Results indicated differential recovery rates for separate components of attention. Both groups demonstrated a trend towards recovery of arousal and motivation over time, while focused attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity remained stable.

Analysis of Variance↗
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Recovery of educational skills following paediatric traumatic brain injury.

Academic success in the classroom is often dependent upon a child's ability in the areas of literacy, such as reading and spelling, and arithmetic. Following traumatic brain injury these skills are often compromised. The present study examined the recovery of educational skills (reading accuracy, reading comprehension, spelling and arithmetic) over 24 months post-injury, in a group of children who had sustained a mild, moderate or severe TBI. Results showed that the severe TBI group exhibited greater deficits on reading comprehension and arithmetic, while the moderate and severe TBI groups performed similarly in the areas of reading accuracy and spelling. Future research is required to further investigate predictors of educational outcome post-TBI.

Achievement↗
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Neurobehavioural sequelae following cranial irradiation and chemotherapy in children: an analysis of risk factors.

Neurobehavioural deficits are commonly reported following treatment for childhood cancers. This study examined the impact of cranial irradiation (CRT) and chemotherapy in children, aiming to identify factors detrimental to long-term outcome. The study compared survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated with CRT and chemotherapy (CRT group: n = 100), survivors of cancers treated with chemotherapy only (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 100) for intelligence, academic achievement, information processing, learning, and executive function. CRT and chemotherapy in combination were associated with reduced intelligence, educational skill, immediate memory, processing speed, and executive function. Children treated with chemotherapy alone exhibited subtle information processing deficits. Within the CRT group, younger age at treatment was predictive of deficits in non-verbal ability, educational skills and executive functions. High dose CRT was associated with poorer information processing and lower arithmetic ability.

Achievement↗
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Executive functions following moderate to severe frontal lobe injury: impact of injury and age at injury.

The present study aimed to investigate developmental changes in executive functioning in children following moderate-to-severe frontal lobe injury, before or after the age of six. Their performances on a measure of general intelligence and on four tests of executive function were compared to those of non-injured controls. The study focused on both the final outcome, or mastery, of performance, as well as the process of task completion (i.e., rate and strategy). Results revealed that frontal lobe injury disrupts development of both executive and general intellectual skills. Further, while an earlier age at injury did not impact on the child's overall ability to carry out executive tasks, it was found to have a significant impact on the child's rate of performance. The impact of frontal lobe injury in childhood is by no means 'silent' and 'without functional significance', and an early age at injury does not necessarily imply 'better' recovery.

Age Factors↗
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Cytodiagnosis of clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma. A case report.

The cytologic features of clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma are described. This tumor may cause a diagnostic dilemma since it resembles other clear cell tumors originating in the adrenals, kidneys and ovaries. However, clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma possesses some characteristic features that permit a cytologic diagnosis to be made by fine needle aspiration, thus contributing to proper management.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opportunistic infections in pediatric HIV infection: a study of 74 autopsy cases from Latin America. The Latin American AIDS Pathology Study Group.

The present report describes opportunistic infections found at 74 autopsies of pediatric HIV/AIDS patients performed at several hospitals in Latin American countries. Fungal infections were the most common (53 cases), Candida sp. (39.18%) and Pneumocystis carinii (20.27%) being the most frequently recognized. Other fungal diseases included histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. Viral infections were present in 31 cases, 38.7% being due to cytomegalovirus. Other viruses recognized included herpes simplex and adenovirus. Additional opportunistic infections were due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis. Nonspecific bacterial bronchopneumonia was present in 11 cases. Cytomegalovirus and P. carinii coinfection was the most common association found. In this series patients died at a younger age (72% at or younger than 1 year old) and there was a slightly higher number of cases of histoplasmosis and brain toxoplasmosis than in other previously published series of infants and children.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗