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Biomedical subjects

V Aggarwal

Publications and source records attributed to V Aggarwal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Prevalence of transfusion associated infections in multitransfused children in relation to mandatory screening of HIV in donated blood.

Any change in risk behavior related to acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is likely to reduce simultaneously the risk for other agents transmitted through identical routes. A study carried out in the city of Delhi, India on the load of transfusion associated infections among multitransfused (MT) children in relation to mandatory screening of HIV infection in donated blood indicated unchanged prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections among the group of MT children transfused after the implementation of mandatory screening of HIV infections in blood banks, i.e. post-implementation period (prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV being 32.8%, 31.3% and 1.6% respectively) compared to a group of MT children transfused over a similar duration before the implementation of mandatory screening i.e. pre-implementation period (prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV being 28.1%, 26.6% and 1.6% respectively). However, reduction could be recorded in the prevalence of IgM and IgG classes of antibodies to both CMV and HSV-2 infections among MT children receiving transfusion during the post-implementation period (prevalence of 3.1% and 37.1% for CMV IgM and CMV IgG respectively; prevalence of 3.1% and 25% for HSV-2 IgM and HSV-2 IgG, respectively) compared to the group of MT children transfused in the pre-implementation period (prevalence of 15.6% and 56.3% for CMV IgM and CMV IgG respectively; prevalence of 18.8% and 45.2% for HSV-2 IgM and HSV-2 IgG, respectively). These reductions were statistically significant (p values < 0.02 and < 0.05 for CMV IgM and CMV IgG; p values < 0.01 and < 0.02 for HSV-2 IgM and HSV-2 IgG respectively). These observations were in accordance with the recorded reduction in the prevalence of CMV and HSV-2 infections and unaltered prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV infections in the group of donors donating blood during the post-implementation period compared to those donating in the pre-implementation period. Study of epidemiological risk factors among blood donors showed a change in behavior towards safer sex practice with only 13.0% of donors in the post-implementation period having history of sex with one or more female commercial sex workers during their donation periods compared to 41.5% of donors in the pre-implementation period having similar history (p < 0.001). However no change could be recorded in the proportion of donors donating at frequency higher than the permissible guidelines among the two groups. The present study points out nosocomial transmission as well as limitations in the existing guidelines for screening of infectious agents in blood banks as possible incriminating factors towards acquisition of hepatitis virus infections in blood donors as well as in MT children.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Visceral leishmaniasis control in India through primary health care system--a successful experiment of district level planning.

A model district action plan for control of Visceral Leishmaniasis a serious public health problem in north-east Bihar was developed in late 1989 and implemented in 1992 in district Vaishali. A two years implementation resulted in decline in cases and deaths due to Visceral Leishmaniasis to the extent of 65.32% and 46.51% respectively in 1993 as compared to 1992 and 41.13% and 44.93% respectively in 1994 as compared to 1993 with an overall decrease of 79.58% in case and 70.54% in deaths in 1994 as compared to 1992. The implementation of action plan not only established declining trends in morbidity and mortality due to Visceral Leishmaniasis in the district but also successfully contained the cases unresponsive to first line treatment with Sodium Stibogluconate by reducing the prevalence of such cases from 12.42% in 1992 to 8.59% in 1994. Various components of the action plan, implementation strategy and consequent impact on disease situation are presented in this paper.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1991

Ultrasound guided aspiration cytology--a valuable diagnostic aid.

Ultrasonography (US) remains underutilized as a guidance tool for performing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) mainly because of a lack of understanding and experience in this technique. We describe here our experience in performing 346 FNACs. In our opinion, US guided FNACs are highly accurate and safe procedures which can be done on an out-patient basis, with routinely available equipment.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome in a Libyan boy.

Immerslund-Grasbeck syndrome is an uncommon disease, characterized by megaloblastic anaemia and persistent proteinuria. A Libyan boy with the characteristic findings is presented. He received intramuscular vitamin B12 injections and there followed a remarkable clinical and haematological improvement.

Anemia, Macrocytic↗
PubMed1976

Computer-aided anaesthesia administration.

Certain repetitive tasks of the anaesthesiologist are studied and modelled for automatic processing. These analyses make it possible for optimal control procedures to be programmed and administered by less trained anaesthesia professionals. A dynamic programming model is developed and validated with real data collected from several hospitals in the Cleveland, Ohio, area. By conjunctively monitoring certain transients in the anaesthesia administration process, the scarce supply of anaesthesiology manpower can be more efficiently deployed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis by cycloheximide and other inhibitors of protein synthesis.

Cycloheximide, pactamycin and tenuazonic acid inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is the purpose of these studies to determine whether these agents would be effective in vivo inhibitors of epidermal DNA synthesis. Single I.P. administration of 1.5 mg/kg cycloheximide, 0, 1 or 3 hours prior to a 45 minute pulse of thymidine-3H inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis by 68%, 63% and 88%, respectively. This response was dose related at 3.75 hours after cycloheximide with no effect at 0.375 mg/kg and maximal inhibition at 1.5 mg/kg. Epidermal DNA synthesis was inhibited 18, 29 and 62% at doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg pactamycin administered 3 hours before thymidine-3H. Similarly, at doses of 70 and 140 mg/kg tenuazonic acid, epidermal DNA synthesis was inhibited by 50% and 60%, respectively. These data suggest the possible use of protein synthesis inhibitors in epidermal disorders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic diarrhea in children of tropics.

Syndrome of prolonged diarrhea is quite frequent in tropical children. Careful clinical appraisal can help in separating these children into distinct clinical entities which have different underlying etiological factors. In most cases diagnosis is possible on clinical grounds supplemented by simple investigations. A step by step approach as outlined is extremely helpful in planning a rational management.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic upper GI endoscopy for hemetemesis in children: experience from a pediatric gastroenterology centre in north India.

Upper GI endoscopies were done in 236 children (upto 12 years of age) presenting with history of hemetemesis. Varices were the commonest lesions (in 39.41%) followed by esophagitis (23.73%). Gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and oesophageal ulcers were identified in 7.20%, 1.27%, 0.42% and 0.42% cases respectively. Cause of bleeding could not be ascertained in 27.54% cases. No significant premedication or procedure related complications were observed. Upper GI endoscopy is thus a safe and useful mode of investigation in cases of hemetemesis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous administration of hepatitis B vaccine with other E.P.I. vaccines.

Development of recombinant DNA vaccine against hepatitis B grown on cultured yeast cell has made it possible to mount a world-wide effort to control and eradicate Hepatitis B infection. However, the currently recommended schedules (0, 1 & 2 months, and 0-1 and 6 months) do not coincide with the scheduled visits for other E.P.I. vaccines, and necessitate additional visits for Hepatitis B vaccination. This study was therefore carried out to find out if adequate seroconversion occurs to Hepatitis B vaccine when given with other EPI vaccines or not? Thirty nine infants born to Australia antigen positive mothers from among 850 screened pregnant mothers were recruited to receive Hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B-10 micro gram each) at 0, 6 and 14 wks (group A) or at 0, 1 and 2 months (group B). Thirty-one infants were recruited in group A and 8 in group B. The cord blood was collected and the first dose of vaccine was given within 48 hours of birth. Simultaneous B.C.G. was given at the left deltoid. Other E.P.I. vaccines were given qt 6, 10 and 14 wks in group A and at 2, 3 and 4 months in group B. Repeat blood samples were collected prior to giving each dose of Hepatitis B vaccine, and 4 weeks after the last dose. All blood samples were assayed for HBsAg and HBsAb at the National Institute Of Communicable Diseases, utilizing standard ELISA kits. The seroconversion rates following one, two and three doses of Hepatitis B vaccine were 3.33%, 55.5%, 96.15% and 0%, 62.5% and 100% in group A and B respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗