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Biomedical subjects

V A Vasil'ev

Publications and source records attributed to V A Vasil'ev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[RAPD variation in Mediterranean turtle Testudo graeca L. (Testudinidae)].

The polymerase chain reaction with arbitrary primers (RAPD-PCR) was used to study intraspecific variation in Mediterranean turtle Testudo graeca, which is represented by the Dagestan (T. g. pallasi) and Nikolskii (T. g. nikolskii) subspecies in Russia. To study the phylogenetic relationships, the RAPD variation was also compared in two other T. graeca subspecies (T. g. ibera and T. g. terrestris), two closely related Testudo species (T. kleinmanni and T. marginata), and Central Asian turtle Agrionemys horsfieldii. Parameters of RAPD variation showed that the sample from different geographical regions of Dagestan was more polymorphic and heterogeneous than that from Central Asia. The two samples differed in the mean number of RAPD fragments N (48.761 vs. 40.400), number of polymorphic fragments P (78.7 vs. 32.3), and within-group similarity index APS (0.607 vs. 0.784). In T. g. pallasi, no significant difference in N, P, or APS was observed between samples from different localities of Dagestan or between groups of turtles with four- or five-clawed forelegs. A dendrogram of genetic similarity between the species and subspecies under study contained two clusters, one comprising all A. horsfieldii individuals and the other, all turtles of the genus Testudo. In the latter, T. marginata and T. kleinmanni showed higher similarity to each other than to T. graeca. The four T. graeca subspecies clustered separately from each other with a high reliability, T. g. nikolskii and T. g. ibera (Turkey) being more similar to each other than to T. g. terrestris or T. g. pallasi. The possible causes of the presence of four claws on a foreleg and the relationships among members of the genus Testudo were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[DNA fingerprinting of individual species and intergeneric and interspecific hybrids of genera Bos and Bison, subfamily Bovinae].

Genome fingerprinting with a hypervariable minisatellite sequence of phage M13 DNA was used to study the genetic variation in individual species of the genera Bos and Bison (subfamily Bovinae) and in their interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. DNA fingerprints were obtained for domestic cow Bos taurus primigenius, vatussy Bos taurus macroceros, banteng Bos javanicus, gaur Bos gaurus, wisent Bison bonasus, bison Bison bison, and for the interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. Compared with the original species, most hybrids showed a greater variation in number and size of hybridization fragments. An association was revealed between the number of hybridization fragments and blood composition of interspecific hybrids resulting from unique crossing of domestic cow and banteng. Pairwise similarity coefficients were calculated to construct a dendrogram of genetic similarity, which reflected the relationships between the parental species and hybrids varying in blood composition. The applicability of the method for identifying interspecific and intergeneric hybrids and for studying the consequences of distant hybridization in the subfamily Bovinae is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Genetic analysis and estimation of genetic diversity in east-European breeds of swift hounds (Canis familiaris L.) based on the data of genomic studies using RAPD markers].

The method of polymerase chain reaction with a set of arbitrary primers (RAPD-PCR) was used to describe genetic variation and to estimate genetic diversity in East-European swift hounds, Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois. For comparison, swift hounds of two West-European breeds (Whippet and Greyhound) and single dogs of other breed groups (shepherd, terriers, mastiffs, and bird dogs) were examined. For all dog groups, their closest related species, the wolf Canis lupus, was used as an outgroup. Variation of RAPD markers was studied at several hierarchic levels: intra- and interfamily (for individual families of Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois), intra- and interbreed (for ten dog breeds), and interspecific (C. familiaris-C. lupus). In total, 57 dogs and 4 wolfs were studied. Using RAPD-PCR with three primers, 93 DNA fragments with a length of 150-1500 bp were detected in several Borzoi families with known filiation. These fragments were found to be inherited as dominant markers and to be applicable for estimation of genetic differences between parents and their offspring and for comparison of individuals and families with different level of inbreeding. A high level of intra- and interbreed variation was found in Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois. In these dog groups, genetic similarity indices varied in a range of 72.2 to 93.4% (parents-offspring) and 68.0 to 94.5 (sibs). Based on the patterns of RAPD markers obtained using six primers, a dendrogram of genetic similarity between the wolf and different dog breeds was constructed, and indices of intragroup diversity were calculated. All studied breeds were found to fall into two clusters, swift hounds (Borzoi-like dogs) and other dogs. Russian Borzois represent a very heterogeneous group, in which the Russian Psovyi Borzoi is closer to Greyhound than the Russian Hortyi Borzoi. All studied wolfs constituted a separate cluster. Significant differences were found between the wolf and dogs by the number of RAPD markers (92.8 and 86.1, respectively) and by the indices of genetic diversity (54.3 and 64.8%, respectively). The reasons for the high intraspecific variation of dogs (including Russian Borzois) and the prospects of using the studied group of markers for genetic analysis and differentiation in C. familiaris are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Genetic polymorphism of Russian, European, and Asian chicken breeds as revealed with DNA and protein markers].

The variation in polymorphic DNA (RAPD and minisatellite) and protein markers was compared for nine Russian chicken breeds differing in morphological and productivity types and in origin, three European egg breeds, and three broiler breeds of the Asian origin. Genetic diversity indices were calculated for each breed group and each marker type and were used to construct dendrograms of genetic similarity. In all breed groups, minisatellites and RAPD markers revealed higher genetic diversity as compared with protein markers. With any type of markers, genetic diversity of the Russian and Asian broiler breeds proved to be significantly higher than that of the European egg breeds. The differentiating potentialities of molecular and genetic biochemical markers at the breed level and the origin of the Russian chicken breeds are discussed.

Albumins↗
PubMed2002

[Dynamics of antibiotic resistance of purulent septic pathogens at an emergency facility].

The predominant pathogens at the emergency medicine hospital were analysed and its resistance to antibiotics was investigated in dynamics. The susceptibility of the pathogens was analysed by the method of dynamic equalibration. Statistically significant reduction of resistant bacteria isolation was demonstrated for 2 species of 7--that is S. aureus and E. faecalis regarding 4 antibiotics. The ratio of staphylococci resistant to cefazolin, ceftazidime, doxycyclin reduced, the ratio of enterococci resistant to chloramphenicol and doxycyclin also diminished. No correlation was demonstrated between the pathogen isolation frequency and ratio of resistant strains.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2002

[Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial strains isolated at the emergency hospital].

Comparative evaluation of the incidence of the drug resistant pathogens at the patients with sepsis was performed. High ratio of the resistnt strain was shown and the most potent drugs were estimated. The investigation results demonstrates the necessity to improve diagnostic quality control. The data on drug susceptibility of the pathogens may be used for their taxonomic clarification.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

[DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity of the European bison (Bison bonasus), American bison (Bison bison), and gray Ukrainian cattle (Bos taurus)].

To describe genetic variability and population diversity in domesticated populations of American bison (Bison bison), aurochs (Bison bonasus), and gray Ukrainian cattle (Bos taurus) different variants of DNA fingerprinting technique (utilizing the M13 phage DNA, (TTAGGG)4 synthetic oligonucleotide, and three arbitrary primers as hybridization probes) were used. Several parameters characterizing polymorphism and genetic diversity levels in each population (species) were evaluated on the basis of the profiles obtained. Dendrograms reflecting similarities between individual animals were constructed. Genetic variability of minisatellite and telomeric markers observed in the gray Ukrainian cattle flock was higher than that in aurochs and bisons. Comparison of the intrapopulation similarity (S) and gene diversity (H) indices along with the analysis of clusters in the dendrograms showed that the relatedness between the aurochs individuals was much higher than between the individual animals in the bison and gray Ukrainian cattle flocks. Furthermore, the gray Ukrainian cattle flock was represented by more distant relatives than the bison flock. It is suggested that reduced genetic variability and the appearance of deviant genotype observed in the two bison lines under selection, resulted from close inbreeding and the founder effect. The diagnostic value and efficacy of utilization of different molecular markers for estimation of genetic diversity and relatedness in domesticated animal populations is discussed.

Americas↗
PubMed1999

[DNA-fingerprinting of representatives of Bovinae subfamilies using the telomere markers (TTAGGG)4].

The (TTAGGG)4 oligonucleotide homologous to telomeric tandem repeats of human chromosomes was used for the first time as a multilocus hybridization probe for the analysis of genome variability in the two genera (Bos and Bison) of the Bovinae subfamily. DNA profiles for cattle, banteng, aurochs, and bison were obtained. Hybridization spectra were represented by the discrete individual- and species-specific bands characterized by codominant inheritance. For comparison, DNA profiles of the same samples obtained using the bacteriophage M13 DNA probe are presented. The usefulness of the microsatellite examined for the testing of pedigrees, description of intra- and interbreed variability as well as for determining relationships and the origins of the species of the Bovinae subfamily is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Tasks and possibilities of bacteriological laboratories in computer-assisted control of hospital infections].

The authors discuss the organization of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections, carried out by bacteriological laboratories. The principal tasks of epidemiological surveillance of pyoseptic infections in surgical hospitals are formulated. The potentialities of using the data of computer monitoring of nosocomial infections are discussed. This method helps adopt epidemiologically justified decisions.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Determination of the relative degree of order in a chain of diffusion-linked self-oscillators simulating peristalsis of thin tubules according to the S-theorem criterion.

The criterion of the relative degree of order (RDO) on the basis of the S-theorem for a non-equilibrium system is applied to the analysis of the state of a chain of diffusion-linked self-oscillators, a system which models the peristalsis of thin tubules, e.g. in a biological tissue, as well as a number of physicochemical systems. It is shown that the calculation of the RDO and of the effects of various actions on a non-equilibrium system can be carried out efficiently without any knowledge of the details of the local kinetics of the diffusion-link chain, said calculation being exploited for evaluating such effects just on the basis of experimental data.

Diffusion↗
PubMed1996

[Molecular nature of the unstable white-starka allele].

In 1992, Bashkirov et al. described the case of occurrence in line C(1)RM, yw/0; Dp(1; 3) wvco/+ of a unique female with light, uniformly colored eyes. This trait was not inherited together with Dp(1; 3) wvco but was linked to the X chromosome. We denoted this new allele as white-starka (wstr). It proved to be unstable, demonstrating mutational transitions to other allelic states with frequencies of 10(-3) to 10(-5). Southern blot analysis showed that the wstr mutation was induced by an insertion of an unknown sequence with a length approximately evaluated by the authors in 1992 as 7 kb. Using a wider spectrum of restriction endonucleases and a prolonged gel running, we were able to estimate the size of this insertion more precisely. According to our data, in the case of wstr we are dealing with an insertion in the locus white of a sequence 15.1 kb long. As seen from our restriction map of the allele wstr, this insertion does not resemble retroposons with long terminal repeats, but is possibly similar to LINE mobile elements of Het-A and TART types, characteristic for heterochromatin.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

[Use of polymorphic DNA markers for differentiation of chicken breeds of varying origin].

Methods of multilocus genome fingerprinting (DNA fingerprinting) and the polymerase chain reaction with random primers were used to detect genome variability of eleven chicken breeds. The diagnostic value of the markers used for differentiating breeds and detection of origin of several breeds of Russian selection was demonstrated. Problems connected with differences in the differential significance of the genetic markers used are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Morbidity rate and early diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract pathology (GIT) in aircrew].

The epidemiological investigations done in the Air Army for six years (1986-1993) showed that the morbidity of GIT in aircrew is on the second place among the inner organs diseases. The data of examination of 1438 pilots, navigators and other specialists are given. All of them were examined at the department of medical air examination. The use of active endoscopy allowed to make an early diagnosis of GIT diseases. Their formation rather often took place under extreme conditions of the flight. There is a natural increase of GIT morbidity together with an increase of the total amount of flight hours. The authors had worked out effective measures of prophylaxis, treatment, rehabilitation and improvement of professional medical selection as to GIT diseases in aircrew.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of drugs of various groups on the course of experimental local pyo-inflammatory processes].

To develop new approaches to providing higher efficacy of antibacterial therapy of purulent infection, experiments on 104 rats were performed. A decrease in the inflammation was shown in a series of the experiments with the dermonecrotic test using mono- and mixed cultures of Staphylococcus aureuo, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at the background of the animal treatment with anapriline and heparin. The effect of mezatone and dicinone was the opposite one. The drugs had different effects on the host response to the introduction of microorganisms of various species as mono- and mixed cultures. The experiments on a group of animals with wound infection not subjected to the preliminary alteration of the tissues demonstrated that the treatment with gentamicin and anapriline combinations was more efficient than the gentamicin monotherapy. The use of anapriline improved the antibiotic pharmacokinetics, had a favourable effect on the wound reparation, promoted a decrease in the count of viable microbes in the wound secretion and increased the antibiotic concentration gradient.

Adrenergic Agents↗