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Biomedical subjects

V A Svetlov

Publications and source records attributed to V A Svetlov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Prophylaxis of thrombotic complications in microsurgical auto-transplantation of tissue complexes].

Problems of prophylaxis of intra- and postoperative thrombotic complications are discussed basing on the experience of treatment of more than 1500 patients who underwent microsurgical autotransplantation of tissues. Influence of non-fractionated heparin, acelysin and low-molecular heparin on hemostasis in combination with standard hemodilution after microsurgical autotransplantation was analyzed. Scheme of treatment before, during and after surgery are developed for prophylaxis of thrombotic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Current local anesthetics in segmental nerve blocks].

The evolution of central segmental blockades was studied in 133 patients by using epidural and spinal anesthesias. The efficiencies of 2% Ultracaine (Hoechst) and 2% Lidocaine (Egis) solutions used for epidural anesthesia and 5% Ultracaine (Hoechst) and 0.75% Bupivacaine (Astra) hyperbaric solutions were evaluated. Central segmental blockade induced by Ultracaine was found to be similar to Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in clinical parameters. At epidural blockade, the latent period was identical for the two agents and the duration of analgesia caused by Ultracaine was 20 minutes longer than that with Lidocaine, the consumption of the former being 20% less. At spinal anesthesia, there were no great differences in the depth and duration of conduction block, but with 5% Ultracaine, the analgesic zone was large (13.2 +/- 1.0 and 15.1 +/- 0.6 segments, p < 0.05). No differences were found in the magnitude of hemodynamic changes both with various anesthetics and different types of segmental blockades. The findings make it possible to regard Ultracaine as an drug that has some advantage over Lidocaine for prolonged epidural anesthesia and similar to the latter in pharmacological characteristics. Ultracaine may be regarded as alternative to Bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[High conduction block of the brachial plexus using axillary approach].

An original technique of the brachial plexus block from the axillary approach is presented. The recommended technique suggests introduction of a rigid catheter into the paraneural space of the plexus up to the level of the sternoclavicular triangle. This provides for a high efficacy of the anesthesia and prevents development of complications. The methodology was elaborated on the basis of anatomic (n = 20) and clinicoradiological (n = 29) studies. The clinical evidence was obtained from 115 anesthesias for long-term reconstructive and plastic operations on the upper limb. A protocol for conduction anesthesia maintenance by repeated administration of lidocaine, trimecaine, and bupivacaine solutions is offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The anesthesiological support for limb segment replantations (20 years' experience)].

Anesthesias for urgent replantations of the limb segments in 1980-1998 are analyzed. A retrospective analysis of case histories and protocols of anesthesia of patients aged 16-64 years is carried out. Specific features of anesthesia for surgery of this kind are demonstrated. The authors suggest an algorithm of preoperative treatment of patients, determined by the severity of injury, and discuss the choice of anesthesia: variants of regional anesthesia, balanced anesthesia based on conduction blocking, and balanced anesthesia with forced ventilation of the lungs. Special attention is paid to components of anesthesia which regulate adequate bloodflow in revascularized segments of the limbs: infusion-transfusion therapy with attaining the hypervolemic hemodilution, maintenance of thermal homeostasis, prevention of "toxic shock" during incorporation of the replanted segment into the bloodflow, and strategy of patient's awakening after long operation and anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subarachnoidal anesthesia: the limits of its potentials].

A total of 250 subarachnoidal anesthesias (SA) have been performed in patients operated on the lower limbs, perineum, external genitals, pelvic organs, and anterior abdominal wall at department for plastic and reconstructive surgery. The efficacy and safety of SA in everyday practice has been evaluated. A total of simultaneous 228 SA with three hyperbaric solutions were carried out: 5% ultracaine, 0.75% bupivacaine, 0.5% marcaine, and one isobaric solution 0.5% bupivacaine. Prolonged SA was administered to 10 patients and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) to 19. The sensory block was assessed by the pin prick test and the motor blocking by Bromage score. Of the central segmentary blockades, SA has been preferred for the above-listed interventions in recent years. Hyperbaric and isobaric solutions caused analgesia of different duration, latent period, and dissemination of the anesthetic under different clinical situations. Prolonged SA is justified in patients with limited hemodynamic reserves, and CSEA should be preferred when the expected duration of the intervention is longer than the estimated duration of SA effects. SA is an effective and safe method for surgical anesthesia on condition of proper choice of the local anesthetic, use of high-quality kits, and strict adherence to the protocol of subarachnoidal puncture and injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevention of thrombus formation and the improvement of the blood rheological properties during operations with a microsurgical technic. I. The possibilities for using acelysin--an acetylsalicylic acid derivative].

Changes in the blood clotting system and rheology were studied in 39 patients during reconstructive operations making use of microsurgical methods. Effects of various doses of water soluble acelysine, an acetylsalicylic acid preparations (DL-lysine acetylsalicylate and glycine) have been evaluated during surgery and the immediate postoperative period. Clinical and laboratory changes in blood coagulation were determined at different doses (1000, 500, and 250 mg). Even in low doses (3.94 +/- 0.25 mg/kg) acelysine ensured chronometric and structural hypocoagulation as early as 1 h after dosed infusion and throughout the entire intervention, preventing thrombosis of microvascular anastomoses. Administration of acelysine in doses higher than 250 mg is not recommended, because higher doses involve the risk of hypocoagulation complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A clinical trial of the use of 2 forms of bupivacaine hydrochloride (Anecaine and Marcaine) for epidural anesthesia].

Two forms of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride, Anecaine (Pliva) (n = 15) and Marcaine (Astra) (n = 15) were used for epidural anesthesia. The clinical picture of conduction block induced by the two local anesthetics varied. It manifested by a shorter latent period of analgesia development at the level of catheter and the drug infusion (LII) and relatively delayed development of analgesia in peripheral zones for Anecaine in comparison with marcaine. The authors conclude that solutions of local anesthetics containing the same active agent in the same concentrations under different commercial names manufactured by different companies may be characterized by different clinical picture of conduction blockade.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hazards and complications of central segmental blockade. I. Epidural anesthesia (retrospective analysis)].

A total of 700 reports about complications of epidural anesthesia over more than 30 years are analyzed. Four groups of complications have been distinguished: 1) errors and complications caused by technological errors; 2) complications caused by atypical dissemination of an anesthetic; 3) complications caused by side and toxic effects of local anesthetics or effects of epidural block; and 4) complications caused by damage to nerve structures. Causes, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of complications are discussed. The cause-and-effect analysis of complications of epidural anesthesia helped objectively formulate and validate the relative and absolute contraindications to the use of this method.

Adult↗