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Biomedical subjects

U Truyen

Publications and source records attributed to U Truyen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Genetic characterization of feline parvovirus sequences from various carnivores.

Infections with viruses of the feline parvovirus subgroup such as feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), mink enteritis virus (MEV) and canine parvovirus (CPV-2) [together with its new antigenic types (CPV-2a, CPV-2b)] have been reported from several wild carnivore species. To examine the susceptibility of different species to the various parvoviruses and their antigenic types, samples from wild carnivores with acute parvovirus infections were collected. Viral DNA was amplified, and subsequently analysed, from faeces or formalin-fixed small intestines from an orphaned bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis), a free-ranging honey badger (Mellivora capensis), six captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), a captive Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and a free-ranging African wild cat (Felis lybica). Parvovirus infection in bat-eared fox and honey badger was demonstrated for the first time. FPV-sequences were detected in tissues of the African wild cat and in faeces of one cheetah and the honey badger, whereas CPV-2b sequences were found in five cheetahs and the bat-eared fox. The Siberian tiger (from a German zoo) was infected with a CPV-type 2a virus. This distribution of feline parvovirus antigenic types in captive large cats suggests an interspecies transmission from domestic dogs. CPV-2 sequences were not detected in any of the specimens and no sequences with features intermediate between FPV and CPV were found in any of the animals examined.

Acinonyx↗
PubMed2000

[Distribution of antigen types of canine parvovirus in Switzerland, Austria and Germany].

In this study the distribution of the various antigenic types of canine parvovirus in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany was investigated. From 14 samples from Switzerland, 35 samples from Austria, and 82 samples from Germany exclusively the new antigenic types CPV-2a and CPV-2b were isolated. Most of these isolates had a Ser-Val mutation at amino acid 297, which was shown to be prevalent in recent CPV isolates from various parts of the world. These findings are discussed with regard to the use of modified live virus vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Emergence and recent evolution of canine parvovirus.

This review summarizes the current knowledge about the emergence of canine parvovirus from an ancestor virus similar to feline panleukopenia virus most likely from a wild carnivore host. The recent evolution of CPV, namely the emergence of new antigenic types, their biological properties and global distribution are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Characterisation of a potentially abortigenic strain of feline calicivirus isolated from a domestic cat.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) was isolated from one of four dead fetuses delivered by ovariohysterectomy from a queen with an acute FCV infection. The most prominent lesions in the fetuses were petechial haemorrhages in the skin. The virus isolated was characterised as FCV by antigenic analysis and cDNA sequence analysis. This is the second report of abortion associated with acute FCV infection.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1999

Recent developments in the epidemiology of virus diseases and BSE.

There is a continuous change in viral epidemics with respect to clinical symptoms, their duration or disappearance and the emergence of new diseases. This can be observed both in human and animal diseases. This evolution of virus diseases is mainly related to three factors: etiological agent, host and environment. As far as genetic alterations of the virus are concerned, two major mechanisms are involved: 1) mutations such as recombination and reassortment; 2) selection for resistance or susceptibility. The epidemiology of newly emerged virus diseases in man and animals, such as AIDS and hemorrhagic fevers, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis or respiratory syndrome in horses will be discussed.

Africa↗
PubMed1999

Feline calicivirus capsid protein expression and capsid assembly in cultured feline cells.

The capsid protein of feline calicivirus (FCV) was expressed by using plasmids containing cytomegalovirus, simian virus 40, or T7 promoters. The strongest expression was achieved with the T7 promoter and coinfection with vaccinia virus expressing the T7 RNA polymerase (MVA/T7pol). The FCV precursor capsid protein was processed to the mature-size protein, and these proteins were assembled in to virus-like particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Tissue distribution of virus replication in cats experimentally infected with distinct feline calicivirus isolates.

Four specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats were each inoculated with one of two genetically and antigenically well characterized feline caliciviruses originally isolated from cats with acute respiratory disease (FCV-KS100/2), or with chronic stomatitis (FCV-KS20). Two cats of each group were euthanized at day 10 post infection and two cats at day 28. No clear differences between the clinical disease induced by the two isolates could be observed, and no apparent differences in the tissue spectrum were seen between day 10 and 28. No persistent virus shedding was observed over the 4-week period of this experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Survey on viral pathogens in wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Germany with emphasis on parvoviruses and analysis of a DNA sequence from a red fox parvovirus.

The seroprevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus (CAV) and canine herpesvirus (CHV) infections in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was determined in fox sera collected between 1991 and 1995. A total of 500 sera were selected and the seroprevalences were estimated to be 13% (65 of 500 sera) for CPV, 4.4% (17 of 383 sera) for CDV, 35% (17 of 485 sera) for CAV, and 0.4% (2 of 485 sera) for CHV, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two (rural and suburban) areas under study. Parvovirus DNA sequences were amplified from tissues of free-ranging foxes and compared to those of prototype viruses from dogs and cats. We report here a parvovirus sequence indicative of a true intermediate between the feline panleukopenia virus-like viruses and the canine parvovirus-like viruses. The red fox parvoviral sequence, therefore, appears to represent a link between those viral groups. The DNA sequence together with a significant seroprevalence of parvovirus infections in foxes supports the hypothesis that the sudden emergence of canine parvovirus in the domestic dog population may have involved the interspecies transmission between wild and domestic carnivores.

Adenoviruses, Canine↗
PubMed1998

No evidence for a role of modified live virus vaccines in the emergence of canine parvovirus.

In this study the early evolution and potential origins of canine parvovirus (CPV) were examined. We cloned and sequenced the VP2 capsid protein genes of three German CPV strains isolated in 1979-1980, as well as two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccine viruses that were previously shown to have some restriction enzyme cleavage sites in common with CPV. Other partial VP2 gene sequences were obtained by amplifying CPV DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues of dogs which were early parvovirus disease cases in Germany in 1978-1979. Sequences were analysed with respect to their evolutionary relationships to other CPV and FPV isolates. Those analyses did not support the hypothesis that CPV emerged as a variant of an FPV vaccine virus. Neither did they reveal ancestral sequences among the very early CPV isolates examined. Other possible sources for the origin of CPV are examined, including the involvement of viruses from wild carnivores.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Antigenic and genetic analysis of canine parvoviruses in southern Africa.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a significant pathogen of domestic and free-ranging carnivores all over the world. It suddenly appeared at the end of the 1970s and most likely emerged as a variant of the well known feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). During its adaptation to the new host, the domestic-dog, the virus has changed its antigenic profile twice giving rise to two new antigenic types, CPV-2a and CPV-2b. These new types have replaced the original type CPV-2 in the United States of America, Europe and Japan. However, no data about the prevalence of the new antigenic types on the African continent are available. In this study, 128 recent parvovirus isolates from South Africa and Namibia were antigenically typed with type-specific monoclonal antibodies. No original CPV-2 viruses were found and its complete replacement by the new antigenic types conforms to the situation in other parts of the world. The predominant strain found in southern Africa was CPV-2b (66%), which differs from the situation in Europe and Japan where CPV-2a is the most prevalent type. Analysis of the capsid protein DNA-sequences of four selected African isolates gave no hint of a specific African parvovirus lineage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Sequence analysis of the lymphotropic Aleutian disease parvovirus ADV-SL3.

About 98% of the DNA sequence of the lymphotropic Aleutian disease parvovirus isolate ADV-SL3 was determined and analysed. The sequence revealed that this isolate was a type-1 ADV strain, supporting that the currently used typing of ADV viruses does not correlate with virulence or pathogenicity. ADV-SL3 had a very high overall homology of 99.5% to the prototype strain ADV-G at the DNA level. Comparative sequence analyses with various ADV isolates of known virulence did not reveal a consensus sequence that could obviously be responsible for the apparently unique biological properties of this virus strain.

Aleutian Mink Disease Virus↗
PubMed1997

Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity among feline calicivirus isolates from distinct disease manifestations.

The capsid protein genes of five feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates associated with different disease manifestations were cloned and sequenced. The viruses represented two recent isolates from cats with chronic stomatitis, one recent isolate from a cat with acute stomatitis, one recent isolate each from a cat with acute respiratory symptoms and the classical limping syndrome strain FCV-2280. The amino acid sequences were compared with eight other published sequences and analyzed for their relationships. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete capsid protein sequences or of known antigenic regions of that protein (hypervariable regions A and E) did not group the isolates of different disease manifestations in distinct subclusters. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against either a chronic stomatitis isolate or a recent isolate associated with respiratory symptoms were tested against a panel of 11 recent isolates and four "classical' FCV strains, covering all known disease associations. With those MAbs no obvious clustering with respect to disease manifestation could be seen. Four specific sera prepared in rabbits against our prototype isolates also failed to cluster those isolates according to the disease manifestations when examined in neutralization tests. From these antigenic and genetic analyses of the capsid protein the hypothesis of the existence of biotypes of FCV responsible for distinct disease manifestations could not be confirmed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Evolution of canine parvovirus involved loss and gain of feline host range.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) type-2 emerged as a new virus infecting dogs in 1978, and it was probably derived as a variant of feline panleukopenia virus or of a closely related virus infecting another carnivore. CPV type-2 was subsequently replaced in nature by antigenically variant viruses (CPV type-2a and CPV type-2b) which now coexist in dog populations worldwide. We show that CPV type-2 isolates did not replicate in cats, but that both CPV type-2a and CPV type-2b isolates replicated efficiently. About 10% of the viruses isolated from cats with natural parvovirus disease were antigenically indistinguishable from CPV type-2a or type-2b. The capsid protein gene sequence of a 1990 feline parvovirus isolate ("FPV-24") was essentially identical to the sequence of CPV type-2b viruses from dogs. The loss and reacquisition of the feline host range in CPV was most likely due in each case to small numbers of changes in a region of the virus capsid where three protein monomers interact.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Evolution of canine parvovirus: loss and gain of the feline host].

Canine parvovirus is a newly emerged virus that was first isolated in 1978. As with all new viruses CPV continues to show active evolution, demonstrated by the appearance of new antigenic types. These new types termed CPV-2a and CPV-2b have replaced the original type CPV-2 throughout the world. The reason for the evolutionary advantage of the new viruses was most likely the acquisition of a new host, the cat. The new types are in contrast to CPV-2 able to infect and replicate in cats. Interestingly, about 10 per cent of the parvovirus isolates made from routine diagnostic cat materials were found to be canine parvovirus type 2a or 2b. The relevance of these findings for the epizootiology of parvovirus infection of dogs and cats and also for the vaccination are discussed.

Animals↗