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Biomedical subjects

U Taitelman

Publications and source records attributed to U Taitelman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on acute experimental sulfide poisoning in the rat.

In order to evaluate the efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen in experimental acute sulfide poisoning, we studied the effect of 1 ATA (atmosphere absolute) oxygen and sodium nitrite therapy. We then studied the effect of oxygen at 3 ATA alone and in combination with intraperitoneal sodium nitrite injection on rats poisoned by intraperitoneal injection of LD75 sulfide. Electroencephalogram and heart rate were continuously monitored. We also studied the effect of sodium nitrite and hyperbaric oxygen administered before the poisoning (protective effect). In our experimental set, death of untreated poisoned animals occurred within 5 min. There is a parallel between modification of the EEG pattern and apnea. Respiratory arrest always preceded cardiac arrest. Pure oxygen (1 ATA O2) is effective in preventing death in experimental sulfide poisoning. 3 ATA oxygen was significantly more effective in preventing death than 1 ATA oxygen, or sodium nitrite alone. The best therapeutic regimen was a combination of 3 ATA oxygen and sodium nitrite administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Tailor-made agarose-based reactive beads for hemoperfusion and plasma perfusion.

Composite beads of approximately 1 mm diameter, made of crosslinked agarose and containing Fuller's Earth or zirconium oxide powders, were prepared and used in extracorporeal systems for blood detoxification. The former was used for the removal of Paraquat, while the latter was used to remove inorganic phosphate from hyperphosphatemic animals with or without acute renal failure. The high surface area of the powder, combined with the low resistance to diffusion in the crosslinked agarose matrix, are highly advantageous. The crosslinking provides high mechanical strength, heat stability, prolonged shelf life, good blood flow characteristics, and prevents the release of fine particles into the blood. Crosslinked agarose beads of 1 mm diameter, containing chemically-bound heparin were also prepared, and used as a model for direct contact removal of LDL-cholesterol from the blood of familial hypercholesterolemic patients by hemoperfusion. The high capacity of these beads (over 5 mg LDL/mL beads) indicates that this clinical modality can replace the highly expensive plasmapheresis procedure presently used.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Management of crush syndrome.

Our experience in treating seven patients with severe crush injury of the lower limbs is described. They were brought to hospital 12 h after rescue and had no treatment until then. All seven developed acute renal failure due to myoglobinuria and dehydration. Five were anuric and three non-oliguric. All developed severe sepsis and two had also acute respiratory failure. No bleeding tendency was observed. They were treated along the following lines: early extensive fasciotomy and removal of dead tissues; early fluid challenge; early peritoneal dialysis and/or hemodialysis; high caloric, high protein nutrition; vigorous antibiotic therapy when infection was evident. There were no deaths in our patients. Our management and results are discussed and compared with those in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prevention of acute renal failure in traumatic rhabdomyolysis.

Following the collapse of a building, seven subjects (aged 18 to 41 years) were released from under the rubble within one to 28 hours. All seven suffered from extensive crush injuries with evidence of severe rhabdomyolysis and were treated by the induction of an alkaline solute diuresis immediately on their extrication from the debris. The leakage of muscle constitutents was estimated by quantifying the net total body potassium losses, which averaged 395 mEq (SD, +/- 198) over the first 60 hours of therapy. In the past, injuries of similar severity have been associated with a high incidence of acute renal failure and a high mortality rate, yet none of our patients had azotemia or renal failure. We attribute this success to the unprecedented early institution of appropriate therapy.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

Crush syndrome: experience from the Lebanon War, 1982.

Eight patients with crush syndrome were treated in our department during the Lebanon War, 1982. They arrived after having been trapped under fallen masonry for 4 to 28 h. They all had injuries of the lower limbs, with neurological deficiency and myoglobinuria. The local and general aspects of the syndrome are presented and discussed and a successful treatment protocol outlined.

Crush Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Amanita verna poisoning in Israel--report of a rare case out of time and place.

A rare case of A. verna poisoning in Israel is presented; this occurred in mid-winter at a place hitherto free of the fungus. The unsuspecting victim sought help only after anuria had developed. Charcoal hemoperfusion and large dosages of penicillin with hemodialysis were followed by prompt recovery, despite the late start of treatment. It is suggested that such treatment is essential in A. verna poisoning, and is indicated at all stages of intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect of monoacetin and calcium chloride on acid-base balance and survival in experimental sodium fluoroacetate poisoning.

Sodium fluoroacetate (compound "1080") was injected intravenously, 3 mmol/kg, to artificially-ventilated anesthetized cats. Blood pressure, ECG, acid-base parameters and serum ionized calcium were monitored in four groups of cats. Group A served as control. Group B cats were treated with calcium chloride to restore normal values of serum ionized calcium. Group C was given monoacetin (glyceryl monoacetate), 0.5 ml/kg every 30 min. Both monoacetin and calcium chloride were given to cats in group D. Fluoroacetate poisoning caused significant decrease in ionized calcium and severe metabolic acidosis with increased levels of lactate and pyruvate. The lactate to pyruvate ratio remained normal as long as there was no significant drop in blood pressure. Correction of blood ionized calcium prolonged survival from 94 to 166 min (group B). Monoacetin prolonged average survival time to 166 min. Metabolic acidosis was aggravated in monoacetin-treated animals (group C). Combined treatment with monoacetin and calcium chloride did not prolong mean survival time above 166 min.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1983

Fluoroacetamide poisoning in man: the role of ionized calcium.

Two cases are reported of severe acute fluoroacetamide poisoning in man, with successful treatment of the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by the administration of calcium chloride. The arrhythmias were preceded by prolongation of the QT interval in the ECG. Calcium chloride therapy restored to normal the markedly prolonged QT interval.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Arterial air embolism after penetrating lung injury.

We present a case of cerebral air embolism after a gunshot wound to the lung, combined with mechanical ventilation. Hyperbaric and pharmacologic therapy resulted in complete recovery. The discussion focuses on hyperbaric therapy as the mainstay of treatment, the importance of prophylactic measures, and prompt diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Novel composite sorbent beads for paraquat removal by hemoperfusion.

The present report describes the development and performance of a column that is to be used for removal of paraquat from circulating blood in a hemoperfusion-type set-up. The key element of the system is a newly developed sorbent material containing fuller's earth entrapped in cross-linked agarose beads (Talosit). The technique produces a sorbent material exhibiting a very large active surface area while allowing for high mobility of paraquat molecules within the beads and favorable flow characteristics of packed column. Cross-linking of the agarose (by epichlorohydrin) also has a most beneficial effect on the mechanical strength of the beads as well as on their stability to sterilization in an autoclave. The composite beads exhibit good blood compatibility. A scanning electron microscope analysis of the beads showed no adherence of cellular blood components after contact with blood. Moreover, no significant changes in plasma composition had taken place when the beads were properly conditioned prior to contact with fresh human blood. A comparative study of paraquat removal from saline solution by the new beads and by cellulose-coated activated charcoal (Adsorba-300C) indicates a higher removal rate with the former. The results obtained so far with this new sorbent are very promising and extension of these studies to in vivo hemoperfusion is under way.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1983

In vivo evaluation of a composite sorbent for the treatment of paraquat intoxication by hemoperfusion.

In vivo evaluation of a new hemoperfusion (HP) device for Paraquat detoxification is reported. The key element of the extracorporeal system is a column packed with newly developed composite sorbent beads containing Fullers' Earth (FE) entrapped in crosslinked Agarose. The proposed HP system exhibits very good biocompatibility characteristics when conventional heparinization is supplemented by infusing 0.02 ml per min acid-citrate dextrose (ACD) solution per ml. perfused blood at the inlet to the HP column. No complications or abnormalities were detected in animals which were hemoperfused with the system described. It is suggested that the new device is effective and safe for clinical application.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1982

Q-T prolongation and polymorphous ("torsade de pointes") ventricular arrhythmias associated with organophosphorus insecticide poisoning.

It is not generally appreciated in the Western world that organophosphorus poisoning may be associated with a serious and often fatal cardiac complication: Q-T interval prolongation with malignant ventricular arrhythmias of the "torsade de pointes" type. This insidious complication may lead to delayed, sudden death after the patients appears to be well on the way to recovery from the other, more dramatic respiratory and neurologic symptoms. In this study 15 patients with organophosphorus poisoning are described. Q-T prolongation was observed in 14 and malignant tachyarrhythmias in 6. In view of the dismal prognosis of these patients, ventricular pacing, previously used with success in other conditions associated with this syndrome, was tried in four patients and successfully shortened the Q-T interval and eliminated the arrhythmias. Isoproterenol did the same in a fifth patient. Awareness of this lethal, but preventable complication of organophosphorus poisoning is called for. Careful electrocardiographic monitoring is necessary until the Q-T interval returns to normal. Electrical pacing appears to be the treatment of choice for the tachyarrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Bilirubin removal from an hepatic failure patient by resin hemoperfusion.

An hemoperfusion (HP) column, packed with beads of a macroreticular MR ion exchange resin which were made biocompatible by coating with a fine layer of cross-linked human albumin, was applied to the removal of bilirubin (BIL) from a jaundiced 69-year old man with hepatic failure. The column was found most suitable for BIL removal. However, the high volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the unconjugated (UC) BIL indicates that this column could best be used for BIL removal from babies suffering from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Acute Disease↗