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Biomedical subjects

U Schramm

Publications and source records attributed to U Schramm.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Structure analysis of the skin surface using computer-assisted laser profilometry. New method for the quantitative assessment of roughness structure of the skin].

Up to now, it has been difficult to record the roughness of the skin and to define it satisfactorily by measuring techniques. A new method for computer-assisted structural analysis of the skin surface is introduced, which uses laser beams for measurement without contact. This measuring technique is suitable for quantitative characterization of normal skin surfaces and for pathological alterations to the skin surface. Because of the dynamic properties of the skin, it is characterized by means of silicone replicas of the skin surface. Different parameters of roughness are determined and completed by mathematical and statistical processes such as Fourier transform and an autocorrelation function. These processes are related to the digitally stored three-dimensional profile of the skin surface. The new method is presented by means of some examples characterizing a typical clinical finding of rough eczematous skin. A comparison with photographs taken with a scanning electron microscope demonstrates the quality of resolution achieved with the measuring technique.

Fourier Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[Two unusual periosteal exotoses].

After maceration of the skeleton of 2 persons we found 2 different solitary exostoses; one at the sciatic tuber, in the other at the sciatic tuber, in the other at the ventral side of the distal fibula. The exostoses reach a length of 2 cm. Prescher (1987) described a cartilaginous exostosis with a length of 2 cm at the proximal tibia. In our cases the exostoses belong to the periosteal form. We consider them to be bony origins of ligaments: at the sciatic tuber--the bony origin of the sacrotuberal ligament, at the distal fibula--the bony origin of the peroneal compartment of the retinaculum mm extensorum inferius.

Fibula↗
PubMed1988

A new stable epithelial cell line (RK-L) from normal rat kidney.

A stable epithelial cell line has been established from the kidneys of a normal Sprague-Dawley rat. This line, termed RK-L, has a high proliferative capacity (minimal doubling time 12.3 h) and can be grown in medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum. Thus far, the line has been carried through more than 60 serial passages. The RK-L cells were found to display similarities with kidney tubule cells. Using light microscopy, confluent cultures were seen as pavement-like monolayers forming domes, which are thought to result from transepithelial fluid transport. Electron microscopy revealed polarized cells that had microvilli on the apical surface, junction complexes in the apical part of the lateral cell membrane, and a basal lamina-like layer. Pinocytotic activity was indicated by infoldings of the apical plasma membrane and the formation of vesicles. The RK-L line should prove useful for investigations of kidney tubule transport mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Specialist, physical therapy and social work management status of older children and adolescents with cerebral palsy].

In face of catamnestic examinations at a group of 61 older children and juveniles with infantile cerebral palsy we can see, that an optimal attendance by medical specialists, physiotherapists and social workers is not reached yet in each case. 39 patients (64 p.c.) are provided by a specialist regularly, 35 patients (57.4 p.c.) regularly get a physiotherapeutic treatment and 33 patients (54.1 p.c.) are often only sporadically attended by social workers. Serious disabled children, who are nursed only in their families, bring particular problems. In the authors opinion a decisive improvement of attendance is possible. For that purpose a more intensive work of "Dispensaries for disabled children and juveniles" in connexion with a consistent utilization of the socialist legislation is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[A morphological study of the peri- and epineurium in the compression zone of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome].

The structure of the peri- and epineurium of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel syndrome was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopy confirms the flattened lamellar arrangement of the perineurial cells, but in contrast to the normal architecture the perineurial component of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome consists of 20-25 layers of ramified squamous-type cells, each layer being separated from the adjacent one by a wide space containing thick bundles of collagen fibrils. The perineurial cells are bounded on both sides by a basement membrane which is of substantial thickness. A prominent feature is the occurrence of multiple pinocytotic vesicles and caveolae opening on both the internal and external aspects of the flattened cells. They also contain bundles of closely aggregated filaments. In the spaces between the perineurial cells we find, in some places, extremely disoriented and individually abnormal fibrils and fine filaments arranged in form of a spider web. Matrix vesicles can also be seen. The epineurium of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel syndrome is also considerably thickened, and the attachment is solid, so that the median nerve is relatively immobile constricted like an hourglass. The thick collagen fibers are orientated predominantly parallel to the axis of the nerve, but circular fibers can also be seen. Apart from fibroblasts, the outer layer of the epineurium contains mast cells and vasa nervorum as well as myelinated nervi nervorum. Variable quantities of fat are also present, particularly in the surrounding loose connective tissue.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[Accessory tendons in the human carpal tunnel].

Statistical analysis reveals that from 4 persons one possess supernumerary tendon on the right hand, one on the left hand, one on both hands and one has no one. If a supernumerary tendon is found, the probability of appearance of further accessory tendons is enhanced. The 3 fingers of the ulnar side of the hand appear as an uniform group, while the indicis seems to play a special role. A new variation of muscle which runs through the canalis carpi is described.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1984

Diameter of axons and thickness of myelin sheaths of the pyramidal tract fibres in the adult human medullary pyramid.

After perfusion fixation with a mixture of paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and potassium-chromate 4 adult human medullary pyramids were examined with the electron microscope. The myelin sheaths showed only mild signs of post mortal destructions. The periodicity of the lamellae is preserved and varies about 17 nm. For quantitative purposes specimens were taken at random from regions with an extend of half a mm2 on the cross section of the pyramid. On the average 62 lamellae (s = 5, n = 200) built up 1 micron myelin sheath in the 4 brains. The myelin sheath thickness and the inner circumference of the myelin sheath are measured. The axon diameter is calculated from the inner circumference. We obtained an average number of 66,000 fibres, s = 11,000 per mm2. Fibres with a total diameter below 4 microns amount to 87.9%, fibres from 4 to 10 microns to 10.77%, and larger than 10 microns to 1.4%. An axon diameter of about 0.5 micron combined with a thickness of the myelin sheath of 0.3 micron was most often found in all 4 cases. The fibres showed a broad variation of myelin thickness. In a given group of the small axons the thickest myelin sheath exceeded 3 to 4 times the value of the thinnest one. The coefficient of correlation between axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness was calculated as r2 = 0.56. No correspondence exists between frequency maxima and the ratio g, axon diameter to total diameter. Below a total fibre diameter of 5 microns the ratio g scatters broadly about 0.6, fibres larger than 5 microns exceed the value of 0.6. From the morphological data only large sized fibres can evoke a strong effect on compound action potentials if the method of reconstruction of the action potential from fibre size frequency distribution is employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Latissimus arc of the upper arm].

We observed 2 different kinds of an arcus axillaris which might have caused neurovascular symptoms at the forearm and hand. According to our observations it seems that an arcus axillaris , which is an anomaly of the m. latissimus dorsi, occurs more often than is commonly reported in text-books of anatomy.

Arm↗
PubMed1980

Motile cells in the mucosa of the cloacal urodaeum and proctodaeum of the hen. An electron microscopic study.

Motile cells (mast cells, granulocytes, lymphoid cells) are described in the mucosa of the cloacal urodaeum and proctodaeum of the female domestic fowl. Diffuse lymphoid tissue with lymphatic nodules occurs in the urodaeum at the ureteral ostium. Small local aggregations of lymphoid tissue can be observed in the mucosa of the proctodaeum. Cells originating from these sites penetrate the basal lamina of the epithelium and are then found between the epithelial cells. In the subepithelial layers the motile cells sometimes are in contact with each other. Mast cells (tissue basophils) form contact zones, resembling desmosomes or half desmosomes, with smooth muscle cells. In the mast cells three types of granules can be distinguished. Their ultrastructure is discussed in comparison with that in similar cells of the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of the cloacal epithelia of the domestic fowl.

The epithela of the three divisions (coprodaeum, urodaeum, proctodaeum) of the cloaca of the hen, and of the excretory ducts (colon, ureter, vagina) which join the divisions, are described using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each region of the cloaca has its typical epithelium. Special attention is focussed in this study on the boundaries between the different epithelia. The coprodaeal epithelium does not differ considerably from that of the colon; a transitional zone is not visible. Distinct border zones, however, are observed between the other regions (ureter--urodaeum; vagina--urodaeum and proctodaeum; urodaeum--proctodaeum; proctodaeum--cutis). Although the vaginal opening is generally thought to lie in the urodaeum, our investigations show that at the vaginal opening into the cloaca the ciliated epithelium changes, on one border to a secretory epithelium characteristic of the urodaeum and on the other border to that characteristic of the proctodaeum. These observations are discussed in relation to functional aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Lymphoid cells in the Harderian gland of birds. An electron microscopical study.

In the subepithelial layer of the Harderian gland of some birds, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, as well as granulocytes are found. These cells are often densely aggregated in the central regions of the lobules, while individual cells occur near the periphery. Pre-plasma cells form desmosome-like contacts with macrophages and junctional complexes with each other. The lymphoid cells are sometimes embedded in a dense homogeneous material, which is also found in the intercellular spaces of the secretory epithelium. The present findings are discussed with reference to immunological aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The morphology of the lacrimal gland of Herpestes edwardsi (Viverridae) (author's transl)].

The morphology from the Glandula lacrimalis of the mongoose Herpestis edwardsi is described. Light microscopical observations show that the acini consist of ramified, mucous tubules and of serous demilunes (Fig. 1, 2). Thus the morphology of this organ of the mongoose differs from those of other species remarkably. Electron microscopical the demilunes and the tubules show characteristical granula which arise from Golgi-vesicles. The granula fuse and eliminate their contents into the clearing by exocytosis. In the demilunes there are granula of different size and shape. Their contents aremostly dense and cristallize sometimes to rod-shaped, lamellar structures (Fig. 5). The cells of the tubules contain abundant bizonal granula which seem to be in contact with the rER (Figs. 6,7). The epithel of the intra- and interlobular ducts includes membran-bounded osmiophilic substances. The cytoplasm of the cells is enforced by filaments which aggregate beneath the apical plasmalemma to a prominant terminal web-like layer (Fig. 9). Intercalated and striated ducts are lacking. The results are discussed with earlier findings at the Glandula lacrimalis of other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The ultrastructure of epithelial and myoepithelial oncocytes in the human parotid gland (author's transl)].

Oncocytes are well known to occur in the tissue of many organs for over 30 years. Their origin and function are less well known. We observed different types of oncocytes in a human parotid gland with the electron microscope. Besides a hyperplasia of mitochondria they show more or less advanced signs of membrane degeneration of these organelles. On the basis of our findings we discuss oncocyte formation as a special form of cellular aging in an otherwise healthy gland.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[On the ultrastructure of the parotid and submandibular gland of the mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Viverridae) (author's transl)].

The parotid and submandibular glands of the mongoose are described. Essential differences between the 2 glands were recognized in the acini; however, the intra- and interlobular ducts are built up similarly. The parotid gland is acinar. Its secretory cells are filled with distinct types of granula, which show a considerable variation of size and structure of their secretory material. Organelles are found sparsely. The submandibular gland, however, is tubuloacinar. Its tubuli are capped with cells which belong to the demilunes of v. EBNER, but because of their pale granules they occupy an exceptional position. As the acinar cells of the parotid gland, they form intercellular canaliculi by their plasmalemmata. In the secretory cells of the tubules an intimate contact between the rER and the granules is observed. The intralobular duct surface is built up by an onelayered epithelial cell formation. The cytoplasm of the intercalated duct cells is rich in bundles of filaments, and these cells contain mitochondria with a particular dense matrix. Some microvilli cover the apical surface. In the cells of the striated ducts several populations of granules differing in size and electron density are found. The material of the dense granules shows a marginal plate-like condensation, sometimes it cristallizes. It is supposed that they were released by an apocrine extrusion mechanism. Terminal axons innervate the acini, the duct cells, and also the myoepithelial cells. The findings are compared with the well-known morphology of the salivary glands of the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Anomalies of the upper arm--tuberculosis cutis luposa of the hand].

An anomaly of the right pectoralis major muscle is reported. Two muscle bundles are demarcated from the pars abdominalis. Some fibres of these bundles radiate into the distal part of the normal insertion on the humerus; most fibres, however, insert into an accessory tendon which attaches to the medial humeral epicondyle. The medial intermuscular septum is fixed to this tendon. The septum is traversed by filaments of the triceps muscle. Fibres of the triceps muscle also surround the ulnar nerve and the ulnar collateral blood vessels before they pass through the medial part of the septum. These findings are discussed under functional aspects. Catamnestically a tuberculosis cutis luposa exists on the right hand. A patho-causal connection between the anomaly and the tuberculosis of the skin cannot be excluded, because this may arise easier in an area of disturbed blood supply.

Aged↗