Necropsy findings in 3 cases of conjoined thoracopagus twins are presented. Conjoined hearts were seen lying in a common pericardial cavity. In 2 cases the common atrial complex was incompletely divided into the atrial cavities of the twins by ridges arising from the floor of the cavity. In 1 case the atrial division was better defined and the interatrial septal defect of septum secumdum type was seen. Pulmonary veins opened normally into the atrial chamber only in 1 case, in the other 2 cases, these veins opened into the inferior vena cava and the liver respectively. Ventricular chambers were common in 2 cases with 3 rudimentary atrioventricular openings guarding the inlet and multiple VSD of muscular type. In 1 case one twin had 2 completely separated ventricular cavities and the other twin had partially separated ventricular cavities with a muscular VSD. Great vessels showed transposition in all the cases. In 1 case d-transposition of a rare variety was seen which was associated with a subaortic as well as subpulmonic conus. Persistent ductus arteriosus was a cmmon feature and valvular type of pulmonic stenosis was seen in 2 cases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1979

Klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

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Bacteriocins↗

PubMed1975

Mycetoma.

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Adolescent↗

PubMed1970

Orchioblastoma--a case report.

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Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on the morphogenesis of somatosensory cortex.

Human reports as well as animal studies have recorded accelerated motor activity, learning, and memory deficits in offsprings of mothers exposed to nicotine during pregnancy. Morphological correlation of these neurobehavioural defects has not been done to date. Here, the cerebral cortex has been evaluated after prenatal nicotine exposure. Groups of pregnant rats were injected IP with nicotine at 2.5 mg/kg/day dosage from gestational day (GD) 6 to term. Morphology of the somatosensory cortex was analysed and compared with that of the control group up to postnatal day (PND) 40. A significant reduction in body weight and brain weight on PND 10 and 20, respectively was observed in nicotine exposed group as compared to age matched controls. Morphometric analysis of the somatosensory cortex showed a reduction in cortical thickness up to PND 20 and decreased cell size at PND 10, 20, and 40 in nicotine-exposed brains. Neuronal density of Layer 5 of somatosensory cortex was greater at PND 20 and 40 in the experimental group. Golgi staining of large pyramidal neurons of Layer 5 showed significantly decreased dendritic branching and increased dendritic spine density in the experimental group at all ages studied. Irregular arrangement of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, paucity of free ribosomes, and frequent cytoplasmic vacuoles were noted by electron microscopy in many neurons up to PND 40. A large number of electron dense cells were observed in nicotine exposed brains at all the time intervals studied. The morphological features of somatosensory cortex observed after prenatal nicotine administration suggest that the drug delays neuronal maturation and affects intracytoplasmic membrane systems.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gestational nicotine exposure on hippocampal morphology.

Morphology of the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn of the hippocampus was observed postnatally in Wistar rats exposed to prenatal nicotine. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg/ day) from gestational day (GD) 6 to term and pups were delivered at term normally. The brains of nicotine-exposed pups at postnatal day (PND) 40 were dissected and processed for araldite embedding. Semithin (0.5 microm) toluidine blue-stained sections of the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1 regions of the hippocampus were studied for morphological details. Morphometric analysis showed a significant reduction in the neuronal area of nicotine-exposed brains in all three regions studied. Distal dendritic arbor was significantly less and spine density was more in the granule cells, terminal and basal dendrites of the pyramidal neurons of CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus in the experimental group. CA3 pyramidal neurons showed significantly less apical dendritic thorny excrescence after gestational nicotine exposure. Ultrastructurally the granule cells and the pyramidal neurons of the CA3 and CA1 regions showed increase in free ribosomes and dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi apparatus cisternae in the nicotine-treated group. The morphological changes in the hippocampus following prenatal nicotine exposure, as observed in the present study, may contribute to the behavioural abnormalities.

Analysis of Variance↗