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Biomedical subjects

U Rabast

Publications and source records attributed to U Rabast.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Simultaneous endoscopic and radiologic examination of the colon.

The selective radiologic visualization of pathologic ileocolonoscopic findings using contrast medium offers various advantages over endoscopy or radiologic evaluation performed alone. It allows one to combine a macroscopic biopsy with the radiologic examination and documentation procedure. The technique proves useful to document benign and malignant stenoses and tumors of the colon, diverticular disease, and mucosal abnormalities in long-standing ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and to visualize fistulae, the appendix, or terminal ileum. Up to now, 146 patients have been examined without complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Localization of feeding tubes. Prospective studies on 102 patients].

The frequency of dangerous or potentially dangerous locations of nasogastric tubes, when introduced without the aid of visualising techniques, was examined in a prospective investigation on 102 patients. Out of a total of 185 gastric tubes inserted, 60 were correctly located at the small or large curvature, 56 showed coiling in the stomach, and in 33 cases the apex of the tube lay in the fundal region. 13 intubations, although not classifiable in this scheme, could be left in place for feeding. In 23 intubations (12%) the location of the nasogastric tube was a hazard to the patient. Before commencement of tube-feeding radiological control of the location of the nasogastric tube is essential.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1985

[Complications of continuous tube feeding in 110 internal medicine patients].

110 patients aged 70.9 +/- 2.0 years were tube-fed over an averaged period of 24.5 +/- 4.3 days. The side-effects observed included diarrhea (8%), edema in dependent parts (7%), elevated blood glucose levels (2%), nausea and vomiting (3%), and esophagitis in the distal esophagus (2%). The primary finding in 12% of all placements was a potentially hazardous tube position unsuitable for alimentation. In all cases, the described side-effects could be well controlled or were transient in nature, and there were none severe enough to present a serious threat to the patient. Considering the overall treatment period of 2,683 days, tube-feeding when put into relation to the total cost of DM 31,360.-proves to be a less expensive and less hazardous alternative to parenteral nutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Endoscopically and radiologically documented coloscopy. A method for the demonstration of pathologic findings].

Colo-ileoscopy is increasingly used in the primary diagnosis of diseases of the colon. But a disadvantage of the method is that the findings cannot be demonstrated spacially or documented. This can, however, be made up by instilling an iodine-containing, water-soluble contrast medium into the endoscopically demonstrated abnormal area and obtain a radiological documentation. The method is suitable for demonstrating benign and malignant stenoses and tumours of the colon, diverticula, ileocolic anastomoses, mucosal changes in ulcerative colitis of longer standing as well as Crohn's disease, fistulae, and the appendix or terminal ileum. If coloscopy is successful only as far as the right flexure, the ascending colon can be demonstrated radiologically by this method. Larger polyps can be removed at the same sitting after documentation. This form of examination was performed without complications in 104 patients. As it is simple it can be employed in the routine documentation of pathological findings in the colon.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1981

Loss of weight, sodium and water in obese persons consuming a high- or low-carbohydrate diet.

Isocaloric 5.61 mJ (1,340 kcal) formula diets involving the isocaloric exchange of fat and carbohydrate were fed to 21 obese persons selected for sex, height, and weight before the start of the treatment and distributed over three groups. The weight loss observed during the carbohydrate-restricted diets was significantly greater than during the high-carbohydrate diet. After 28 days of treatment the weight loss recorded on the high-carbohydrate diet was 9.5 +/- 0.7 kg, as compared to 11.4 +/- 0.7 kg (p less than 0.05) on the corn oil-containing diet and 12.5 +/- 0.9 kg (p less than 0.01) on the butter-fat-containing diet. The weight loss achieved was not dependent on the type of fat administered (saturated vs. polyunsaturated). When calculated cumulatively, sodium excretion during the first 7 days was significantly greater on the low-carbohydrate diet, whereas after 28 days the total amount of sodium excreted was highest on the high-carbohydrate diet. Potassium excretion during the low-carbohydrate diets was significantly greater for as long as 14 days, but at the end of the experimental period the observed differences no longer attained statistical significance. At no time did the intake and loss of fluid and the balances calculated therefrom show significant differences. From the findings obtained it appears that the alterations in the water and electrolyte balance observed during the low-carbohydrate diets are reversible phenomena and should thus not be regarded as causal agents of the different weight reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Thyroid hormone changes in obese subjects during fasting and a very-low-calorie diet.

Total fasting was compared with VLCD (1.28 MJ, 300 kcal/day; 56 g protein, 12 g CHO) in 14 euthyroid obese patients, selected as matched pairs, over a period of 28 days. The weight loss was significantly greater during fasting than during the VLCD (16.5 kg vs. 12.7 kg). The basal metabolic rate of (BMR) showed a significant decrease (25 per cent) during total fasting, but was unchanged with the VLCD. With both diets there was a transient increase in T4, FT4 and FT4I, and a tendency for TSH to decrease. There was a decrease in T3 and a transient increase in rT3. Nitrogen balance was attained in five of seven patients on the VLCD after four weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the extent of dietary fiber intake in West Germany.

By means of food diaries the volume of the average daily crude fiber and dietary fiber consumption and the percentage contribution of various groups of plant foods to the total dietary fiber consumption was determined in a group of 150 healthy subjects (89 males and 61 females) from four different occupational groups. It thus became apparent that the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was 22.0 +/- 5.5 g in the artisians and workers of a large industrial plant (group I), 24.8 +/- 8.4 g in students (group II), 21.7 +/- 5.5 g in teachers (group III), and 17.6 +/- 7.7 g in administrative employees (group IV). In groups I-III the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was significantly higher than in group IV. In 17% of the subjects, the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was < 15 g. The mean dietary fiber intake per 1,000 kcal (4.18 MJ) in groups II and III, 8.5 +/- 1.5 and 8.8 +/- 2.2 g, respectively, was significantly higher than in group I with a mean fiber intake of 7.2 +/- 1.4 g.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of dietary fiber on the postprandial serum vitamin A concentration in man.

In 11 normal female subjects, ages 19 to 22 years, the postprandial serum vitamin A concentration was measured 3, 5, 7, and 9 hr after oral administration 300,000 IU vitamin A-palmitate given with a formula diet to which was added 40 g wheat bran, 40 g microcrystalline cellulose, 15 g apple pectin, 15 g guar flour, 15 g carob bean flour, or 20 g carrageenan. When vitamin A was given together with guar flour and apple pectin 3 hr after starting the experiment, the mean serum vitamin A concentration was significantly higher than in controls. Areas under serum vitamin A concentration curves, taken as a measure of the amount of vitamin A absorbed, were significantly higher when the vitamin was administered together with the investigated dietary fiber substances.

Adult↗