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Biomedical subjects

U Otto

Publications and source records attributed to U Otto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Use of mitomycin as prophylaxis following endoscopic resection of superficial bladder cancer.

A prospective controlled study evaluated the influence of long-term mitomycin instillation therapy on tumor recurrence, tumor progression rate, and patient survival after transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors. In the mitomycin group, 11.1 per cent had recurrent tumors, and among the controls, 54.8 per cent had recurrent tumors during a mean follow-up of thirty-three and one-half and thirty-four and one-half months, respectively. The control group had 8 recurrent tumors of higher stage and 4 of higher grade, whereas all recurrent tumors in the mitomycin group that occurred in the bladder were either the same grade and the same stage (n = 1) or a lower stage and lower grade (n = 6). Side effects were minimal, with 72 per cent of the patients having no side effects. Chemical cystitis was the most common side effect, followed by generalized rash. No general toxic signs such as myelosuppression were seen.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Long-term mitomycin C instillation after transurethral resection of superficial bladder carcinoma: influence on recurrence, progression and survival.

In a prospective controlled study the influence of long-term mitomycin C instillation therapy on tumor recurrence, progression and patient survival after transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors was evaluated. This report is an update of a randomized controlled study that was stopped 1.5 years ago. The results show that long-term mitomycin C instillation therapy improves recurrence rate, progression rate and survival in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Tumor cell deoxyribonucleic acid content and prognosis in human renal cell carcinoma.

Flow cytometry was used to study tumor tissue from 68 patients with stages I to III renal cell carcinoma who were followed for 1 to 4 years. Results of flow cytometry correlated extremely well with the clinical course of the patients: 21 per cent of those with diploid tumor cells had metastases during the interval of observation, compared to 89 per cent of those with aneuploid tumor cells. We concluded that flow cytometry helps to identify at the time of radical nephrectomy patients who are most likely to suffer recurrent tumor and, therefore, are candidates for early chemotherapy. If nuclear grading is applied in addition to flow cytometry the rates of false positive and false negative results in respect to prediction of prognosis are reduced to 3 and 14 per cent, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Transplantation of human renal cell carcinoma into NMRI nu/nu mice. I. Reliability of an experimental tumor model.

Human renal cell carcinomas of 20 consecutive patients were obtained by radical nephrectomy and were transplanted into nu/nu mice (NMRI). All tumors that were not pretreated were accepted without selection and were identical with the original tumor in morphology and chromosomal modes and usually in DNA content per cell. The growth rate of these tumors after transplantation correlated well with the clinical course of the corresponding patients and was strongly influenced by pretreatment with radiation therapy. This proves the reliability of such an experimental tumor model to study adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Transplantation of human renal cell carcinoma into NMRI nu/nu mice. II. Evaluation of response to vinblastine sulfate monotherapy.

Four different renal cell carcinomas, successfully transplanted into nude mice, were treated with different dosages of vinblastine sulfate. Decrease of tumor growth was observed in 3 out of 4 of the tumors; the response was dose-dependent. The histologic appearance, cytologic grading, proliferation rate (judged by flow cytometry), and growth characteristics in the nude mouse model were correlated with the response to vinblastine therapy. Good response was seen in tumors with low cellular differentiation, progressive tumor growth, and high proliferation rate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The value of histologic grading and staging, random biopsies, tumor and bladder mucosa blood group antigens, in predicting progression of superficial bladder cancer.

We followed 67 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTA, pT1) for 12-48 months (mean, 26.8 months) after surgical removal of their tumors. In addition to tumor grade and stage, we recorded morphologic characteristics of randomized mucosal biopsies and blood group antigens of the and 'normal' bladder mucosa by means of the specific red cell adherence test. Results were correlated with tumor recurrence and tumor progression of recurrent tumors. It is recommended that such measurements be used to decide on more aggressive surgical therapy or extensive (possibly lifelong) prophylactic instillation therapy, e.g. with mitomycin. Our own experience with mitomycin has shown that it can control tumor recurrence, tumor progression, and survival in such high-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The importance of active rosette-forming cells and specific antigen-binding cells in the diagnosis of rejection after allogeneic orthotopic kidney transplantation].

After allogeneic renal transplantation in 26 female pigs the kinetics of the immunological reactivity against the graft have been investigated with a specific test, the antigen specific rosette test and an unspecific test, the active E-rosette test. In acute and chronic rejection the level of antigen specific rosette forming cells reflects very well the clinical signs of rejection. Because of early occurrence of immunological reactivity in the case of frequent (daily) testing this test is suitable for a relative sure prediction of rejection episodes. In spite of their relative good correlations to the increase of serum creatinine, posttransplant increase and decrease of active rosette forming cells are not always in an uniform temporal relation to the rejection process. For that reason this test alone is not suitable for diagnosis of rejection. However, high preoperative values (greater than or equal to 18% active T cells) refer to an increased readiness to immunological reactivity of recipient against the graft and reflect contraindication to transplantation. If active rosette forming cells (greater than or equal to 18%) and antigen specific rosette forming cells show maxima at the same time, than follow in high significance strong cell mediated rejections. On this way the active E-rosette test completes the values of the antigen specific rosette test.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemistry in detection of paraneoplastic secretion of calcium regulating hormones.

29 non-endocrine tumors with clinical suspicion of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia were examined using immunohistochemistry specific for PTH and CT. In 19 of these cases intracellular immunoprecipitates have been demonstrable thus showing the paraneoplastic production of peptide hormones (18 PTH, 1 CT). Four of these tumors have been tested in tissue culture for in vitro production of endocrine active substances. In all cases the incubation medium yielded a positive reaction for PTH. The use of immunocytochemistry in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia in tumor patients is discussed.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1983

Mitomycin instillation to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma. Results of a controlled, prospective study in 58 patients.

In a prospective randomized study, 58 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma received, after transurethral resection (TUR), either no further therapy (30 patients) or mitomycin at 20 mg/20 ml instilled every 2 weeks for the first year and every 4 weeks for the second year starting 3-4 weeks after TUR (28 patients). Bladder tumors recurred in only 2 patients in the treatment group; 15 patients in the control group had recurrences, with increases in grade in 4 patients and in stage in 6 patients. 3 patients in the control group developed metastases, including 1 who died of his tumor; there were no tumor-related deaths in the mitomycin group.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

The value of urinary cytology, serum and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen, rheumatoid factors, and urinary immunoglobulin concentration as tumor markers or prognostic factors in predicting progression of superficial bladder cancer.

We followed 67 patients with superficial bladder cancer (TA, T1) for 12-48 months (mean, 26.8 months) after surgical removal of the tumors. Every 3-4 months, when the patients came for cystoscopic control, we evaluated serum and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), urinary cytology, serum rheumatoid factors, and urinary IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations. The purpose was to look for markers or prognostic factors in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma other than characteristics of the excised tumors themselves. We emphasized data that can be obtained on patient follow-up. Our results were correlated with tumor recurrence and tumor progression rates. In contrast with other reports, only urinary immunoglobulins (especially IgG) proved to have prognostic value. However, urinary CEA and (even more so) urinary cytology are fairly good tumor markers: they were positive when the bladder tumors were present and, in the case of recurrence, before recurrent tumors were visible.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Differences of glycoconjugates exposed on hypernephroma and normal kidney cells.

We analyzed the outer cell membranes of normal kidney cells, hypernephroma cells, nude mouse transplants of hypernephroma tissue, and cell lines derived from hypernephroma using horseradish peroxidase-coupled lectins of different specificity, in order to investigate their binding to cryostat sections or the cell surfaces of suspended single cells. We showed that hypernephroma cells express higher amounts of receptors for Robinia pseudoacacia lectin, soy bean lectin and Phaseolus vulgaris lectin compared to those prepared from normal kidneys. In contrast, Helix pomatia lectin is bound to connective tissue elements of both malignant and non-malignant tissue exclusively. L-fucose and D-galactose residues are detectable on malignant cells, but not on their non-malignant counterparts. However, the expression of the latter varies considerably among cells from different hypernephromas. No significant difference could be demonstrated between hypernephroma, hypernephroma cell lines and hypernephroma transplants in regard to the carbohydrate profile on the cell surfaces.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1982

DNA content of human kidney carcinoma cells in relation to histological grading.

Ploidy and cell-cycle stage were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) in 46 human renal carcinomas. Cell populations with aneuploid DNA were detected in 46% of these. In the investigated samples, the fraction of cells with abnormal DNA content varied from 8 to 100%. The proliferative activity was generally low as indicated by the small fractions of cells in S and (G2 + M) phases. This was confirmed by the labelling indices on autoradiographic slides. The fraction of cells in phases S and (G2 + M) for tumours that were pre-irradiated with 15 or 25 Gy before nephrectomy was only slightly less than in unirradiated tumours. Comparison of the FCM ploidy with the results of histological grading showed that all cases classified as the most malignant grades IV or IIIB (according to the nuclear and to the combined grading system of Syrjänen and Hjelt (1978) were hyperdiploid. On the other hand, 45% of the hyperdiploid and 89% of the diploid tumours were of the low grades I and II. After a follow-up for 6 months to 2 years, 8/17 patients with hyperdiploid and only 1/14 patients with diploid tumours have died or relapsed with multiple metastases. The results indicate that the aneuploidy of tumours, measured by FCM, might provide useful additional information for prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of skin irritancy in man by laser Doppler flowmetry.

It is desirable to use more objective methods than visual scoring for the assessment of skin irritancy reactions. In the present study the blood flow in skin sites exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was recorded by a laser Doppler flowmeter. The irritant was applied to the volar forearm of healthy volunteers in concentrations ranging from 0.001% to 5% under occlusion for 24 h. The test sites were scored visually and the blood flow was recorded at 3 different times: 26 h, 48 h and 72 h after the application of SLS. Approximately 950 recordings were performed and a clear relationship was observed between the applied doses of SLS, the recorded blood flow values and the corresponding scores. In a few cases a deviation from the general trend was observed, implying that the naked eye might be unreliable for the assessment of skin irritancy reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Transplantation of human renal adenocarcinoma tissue on the nude mouse (author's transl)].

Tissues of human renal cell carcinoma and of its lymph-node metastases were transplanted between the 1st and the 4th passage on 80 nu/nu mice. Growth of tumor was observed in all cases. Chromosomal analyses proved the tumor origin of the transplants. The primary tumor showed two histological patterns: a granular solid cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid elements. The lymph nodes showed only sarcomatoid tissue of the primary tumor. Light-and electron-microscopic examinations showed that the transplanted tumor contained only the sarcomatoid tissue of the original tumor. The solid carcinomatous tissue was not found and, therefore, probably not transplanted. Flow cytometric investigations of the primary tumor revealed two cell populations with a DNA content of 6 and 10.8 pg. Both cell colonies were also discovered in the transplanted tumors as well. The transplants of the primary tumors grew significantly slower than those of the lymph-node metastases. After an initial inert phase, the transplanted tumors grew more rapidly in the male than in the female animals. Neither hematogenous nor lymphatic metastases were observed. After local excision, recurrent tumor development was found in 80% of the experimental animals.

Adenocarcinoma↗