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Biomedical subjects

U Nyman

Publications and source records attributed to U Nyman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Aortic dissection: percutaneous management of ischemic complications with endovascular stents and balloon fenestration.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate endovascular stenting (EVS) and balloon fenestration (BF) of intimal flaps for the management of lower extremity, renal, and visceral ischemia in acute or chronic aortic dissection. METHODS: Twenty-two patients (16 male, 6 female) with a median age of 53 years (range 35 to 77 years) underwent percutaneous treatment for peripheral ischemic complications of 12 type A (five acute, seven chronic) and 10 type B (nine acute, one chronic) aortic dissections. RESULTS: Ten patients had leg ischemia, 13 had renal ischemia, and 6 had visceral ischemia. Sixteen patients were treated with EVS including 11 with renal, 6 with lower extremity, 2 with superior mesenteric artery, and 2 with aortic stents. Three patients had BF of the intimal flap, and three had BF in combination with EVS. Revascularization with clinical success was achieved in all 22 patients. Two patients died 3 days and 13.4 months after the procedure was performed, respectively. Of the remaining 20 patients, 1 is lost to follow-up, and 19 have persistent relief of clinical symptoms. Mean follow-up time is 13.7 months (range 1.1 to 46.5 months). One case was complicated by guidewire-induced perinephric hematoma. CONCLUSION: EVS and BF provide a safe and effective percutaneous method for managing peripheral ischemic complications of aortic dissection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

In vitro screening of traditional medicines for anti-hypertensive effect based on inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).

Traditional medicines reported to be used as anti-hypertensives or diuretics from different regions in the world (China, India and South America) have been investigated. The bioassay is based on inhibition of ACE, as measured from the enzymatic cleavage of the chromophore-fluorophore-labelled substrate dansyltriglycine into dansylglycine and diglycine. In total, 31 species have been investigated and the crude extracts from seven species inhibit the enzyme by more than 50%.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1995

Specific and long-lasting protection from collagen-induced arthritis and oil-induced arthritis in DA rats by administration of immunogens.

DA rats develop transient arthritis after subcutaneous immunization with adjuvant-oil, while chronic arthritis and collagen autoreactivity ensues when collagen is added to the oil. We show here that DA rats can be protected from oil-induced arthritis (OIA) and rat collagen-induced arthritis (rCIA) by addition of antigen to these arthritogenic inocula. We have investigated this remarkable phenomenon and demonstrate that both foreign and self antigens can be protective, apparently provided they are immunogenic; hence HSP-65kDa, ovalbumin, rat myelin basic protein, rat IgG and bovine albumin are effective while rat albumin is not. This protection is long-lasting and disease-specific because rats protected from rCIA resist a later attempt to induce arthritis, but not experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Protection from rCIA depends neither on the blocking of humoral autoreactivity to collagen nor on a change in the isotype profile of anti-collagen antibodies. We demonstrate that immunogens can also be protective when injected intraperitoneally only a few days before onset of arthritis. Our results indicate that protection is mediated through bystander immune reactions towards the co-immunized antigen and that the arthritogenicity of a given provocation, be it adjuvants, microbes or autoantigens, may be a complex net result of arthritogenic and contra-arthritogenic immune reactions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Determination of the relative glomerular filtration rate of each kidney in man. Comparison between iohexol CT and 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy.

Iohexol and 99mTc-DTPA were used in 43 patients to determine the relative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), i.e., the GFR of each kidney in percent of total GFR. The amount of any GFR marker accumulating in Bowman's space, tubuli and renal pelvis within a few minutes after i.v. injection, before any marker had left the kidney via the ureter, was defined as proportional to the GFR of that kidney. The renal accumulation of iohexol was determined by CT using 10 slices of 8-mm thickness 1 to 4 minutes after injection. The renal accumulation of 99mTc-DTPA was determined with a gamma camera within 2 minutes after injection. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.98. Due to the higher radiation dose from CT than from 99mTc-DTPA injection, relative GFR determination with CT should be performed when there is also a diagnostic need to reveal morphology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Was opium known in 18th dynasty ancient Egypt? An examination of materials from the tomb of the chief royal architect Kha.

Examination by microscopy, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography alone and combined with mass spectrometry, and radioimmunoassay methods of materials from the tomb of the ancient Egyptian chief royal architect Kha, who is believed to have died about 1405 BC, has shown that there is no morphine--and hence no opium--present. This finding casts doubt on the results of an earlier analysis. Tropane alkaloids are likewise absent. The significance of the present findings for the history of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L., in the eastern Mediterranean region is discussed. Evidence (chemical, botanical, artefactual, and linguistic) for the supposed presence of the opium poppy and opium in Egypt in the Late Bronze Age is briefly reviewed. These considerations and the negative outcome of the present analyses mean that the earlier reported finding can no longer be accepted as evidence.

Egypt, Ancient↗
PubMed1994

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. A case report.

A fifty-nine-year-old, asymptomatic woman with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery is presented. The diagnosis was established by catheterization and angiocardiography. The indications for surgery in this condition are discussed, with special reference to asymptomatic patients. In this patient, surgery was not undertaken, because of the absence of signs of impairment of left ventricular perfusion and function. The patient remains asymptomatic after eight years of observation.

Coronary Vessel Anomalies↗
PubMed1993

Diagnostic strategies in acute pulmonary embolism.

A firm diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) to prevent over- or undertreatment requires an integrated use of ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy (V/Q scan), a recent chest X-ray, bilateral selective pulmonary angiography and venous studies. The V/Q scan should be reported in terms of probabilities according to defined criteria and be combined with clinical probabilities before a treatment decision is made. A negative V/Q scan, a low-probability scan combined with low clinical suspicion or a high-probability scan with a high clinical suspicion is generally conclusive. Patients with intermediate (indeterminate) scan probability or with discordant scintigraphic clinical probability need further work-up with pulmonary angiogram or venous studies. If neither scintigraphy nor pulmonary angiography is available, accurate venous studies of the lower legs may guide treatment decision in patients suspected of having PE. We need more research to define if all patients with PE but only a minor or no clot burden proven by venous studies really need treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

CT of a parathyroid lipoadenoma. Case report.

A 54-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroid exploration following negative ultrasonography, CT and 99Tc-201Tl scintigraphy. A 2 x 1.5 x 1-cm large mass dorsal to the midportion of the left thyroid lobe was extirpated and a hyperfunctional lipoadenoma containing 70% or more of fatty tissue was verified microscopically. Retrospective evaluation of CT revealed a well demarcated lipomatous mass with a homogeneous density similar to that of subcutaneous fat corresponding to the surgical finding.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Clinical manifestations and anti-(U1)snRNP antibodies: a prospective study of 29 anti-RNP antibody positive patients.

Twenty-nine anti-RNP positive patients were followed prospectively with a mean observation time of 65 months (29-120 months). The clinical course was correlated to the presence of IgM and IgG anti-(U1)snRNP antibodies as revealed by immunoblotting from sequentially obtained sera. There was a striking dissociation between the fluctuating course, with the appearance of new manifestations followed by remissions, and the stability of the anti-snRNP antibody specificities where an appearance or a disappearance of anti-snRNP specificities was a rare phenomenon. The main epitope recognized by the IgG antibodies was the 70 kDa protein and of the IgM antibodies the B/B' proteins. No shift from the IgM to the IgG isotype was observed. The presence of IgG anti-70 kDa and IgM anti-B/B' antibodies was highly associated with presence of arthralgias, Raynaud's phenomenon and arthritis. Further, an association was noted between the combined presence of IgG anti-70 kDa, anti-A and anti-C antibodies and IgM anti-B/B' and puffy hands, myositis, pulmonary fibrosis and sclerodactyly, i.e. all manifestations of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). On the contrary, serositis as often seen in SLE was correlated to the presence of IgG anti-B/B' antibodies. Thus the longitudinal analysis of the correlation between anti-snRNP antibody specificities and clinical manifestations support the concept of MCTD as a distinct entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Tongue necrosis in temporal arteritis provoked by ergotamine.

A case of tongue necrosis in a patient with temporal arteritis who was taking ergotamine is described, and the role of ergotamine tartrate in provoking the tongue necrosis is considered. The literature on this unusual complication is critically reviewed, and the value of a carotid angiography in assessing the tongue ischaemia is exemplified.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

IgG and IgM anti-snRNP reactivity in sequentially obtained serum samples from patients with connective tissue diseases.

Sequentially obtained serum samples from 30 patients with connective tissue disease positive for antibody to ribonucleoprotein (RNP) were examined to determine the specificities of IgG and IgM antibodies to snRNP during the disease course using immunoblotting of nuclear extracts. The antibody patterns were correlated with disease activity. The patterns of antibody to snRNP of individual patients were mainly stable during the study but changes in levels of antibody to snRNP were seen corresponding to changes in clinical activity. These results indicate that increased reactivity of serum IgM antibodies against the B/B' proteins seems to precede a clinically evident exacerbation of disease whereas IgG antibody reactivity to the 70 K protein peaks at the time of a disease flare.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1992

CT of carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

CT in 28 histologically proven carcinomas of the renal pelvis (pTa-2, n = 12; pT3-4, n = 16) in 26 patients was evaluated retrospectively. Twenty-four of 28 tumors could be identified at CT, 17/28 at urography, and 12/14 at retrograde pyelography. Nineteen tumors appeared as a discrete intrapelvic mass with an attenuation close to that of the kidney on noncontrast scans. There was slight to moderate enhancement of the tumors following i.v. contrast medium injection but they appeared hypodense relative to the renal parenchyma. Five tumors caused only a diffuse obliteration of the renal sinus. Criteria to define peripelvic tumor growth are proposed, i.e. tumors obliterating fat planes or abutting of renal parenchyma should not be regarded as signs of extrapelvic extension, while inhomogeneous attenuation of peripelvic fat and renal parenchyma (in the absence of other explanation) should, or if the tumor mass is seen interdigitizing with surrounding structures. Thickening of Gerota's fascia or septa in the perirenal space are unspecific findings. With CT we were able to differentiate tumors confined to the renal pelvic wall from those with more advanced disease including metastases in 22 of 26 patients.

Adult↗