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Biomedical subjects

U Meyer

Publications and source records attributed to U Meyer.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

Scanning electron microscopical observations on retina cells in culture.

In cell cultures of the retina from 10 days old chicken embryo photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, synaptic contacts, and supporting cells of Müller were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the longer the cells survive in culture media they form constantly growing cell aggregates. After 12 days in vitro large multilayered cell complexes covered by an epithelioid cell layer had developed. Merely at the border of such aggregates typical retinal cells could be observed. The occurrence of a dense epithelioid cell layer covering the aggregate of neuronal cells is interpreted as a general adaptational reaction of the cells to the long lasting survival under in vitro conditions.

Animals↗

Direct clean-up and analysis of ribonucleosides in physiological fluids.

We describe the group-selective separation and quantification of unmodified, modified and hypermodified ribonucleosides in physiological fluids (urine, serum) by on-line multidimensional high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC)-reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The excretion levels and patterns of ribonucleosides such as N1-methyladenosine, N1-methylinosine, N2-methylguanosine, N2-dimethylguanosine, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine and 2-pyridone-5-carboxamido-N-ribofuranoside were determined in urines from a control group and from patients with different diseases. The HPAC-RPLC method applied represents a powerful tool, e.g. as a non-invasive screening test, a method to investigate disorders in ribonucleoside and/or RNA metabolism, a method for drug monitoring during nucleoside chemotherapy, and a method to study renal ribonucleoside reutilization.

Adolescent↗

Effects of naloxone on apnoea duration during sleep in infants at risk for SIDS.

The effects of intravenous injections of the opiate antagonist naloxone (0.005-0.4 mg/kg body weight) on respiratory pattern, apnoea duration and frequency were investigated in six infants with severe sleep apnoea syndrome. Since several authors found elevated plasma- and CSF-levels of endogenous opioids (endorphines) in infants with sleep apnoea syndrome, we wanted to determine whether the impairment of the control mechanisms of respiration during sleep is due to an effect of endogenous opioids. Independent of the dose, naloxone did not exert any effect on respiratory pattern and occurrence of periodic apnoea. We were unable to prove that endorphines play a major role in pathogenesis of sleep apnoea syndrome in infancy and possibly in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We speculate that elevated levels of endorphines reported by some investigators rather seem to be a consequence of hypoxic stress than a cause for sleep apnoeas.

Aminophylline↗

Structural components of bovine leukemia virus: further biochemical and immunological characterization of major structural proteins and glycoproteins.

Proteins from bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of 14C amino acids. Virus grown either in fetal lamb kidney (FLK) or bat lung (BL) cells revealed seven major proteins designated p10, p12, p15(1), p15(2), p24, gp30, and gp64. By tryptic peptide analysis, N-terminal amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay it could be shown that p10, a basic protein with hydrophobic properties, is a cleavage product of p15(2), the acidic and slightly hydrophobic phosphoprotein of BLV. The structural protein p12 was shown to be a phosphorylated protein identifying it as a second major viral protein to contain phosphorous. Investigation of [3H]glucosamine incorporation, N-terminal amino acid analysis and hydrophobic properties by chloroform-methanol extraction confirmed properties of gp30 and gp64 predicted by nucleotide sequence data. The two p15 proteins have been characterized in more detail.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Influence of a perinatal hypoxia on the carbonic anhydrase activity in different brain regions of the rat.

Homogenates of striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rat brain were investigated for carbonic anhydrase activities. During ontogeny the enzyme activities increase with proceeding gliogenesis. At the 5th postnatal day (PD) prenatal hypoxia (17th day of gestation (GD)--birth) is followed by a 4-fold increase of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in the hippocampus. After postnatal hypoxia (2nd-10th day of life) CA activity in all investigated brain regions rise. At the 11th PD the values were 190 (cerebral cortex), 242 (striatum) and 176 (hippocampus) per cent of control. Noradrenaline (10(-6)M) enhanced CA activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus about 2-fold. Dopamine (10(-6)M) caused an increase in the striatum up to 210% of control. The increased CA activity after hypoxia is assumed to be a functional response to activation of the glia by catecholamines.

Aging↗

Effect of early and late postnatal hypoxia on subcellular synaptosomal fractions from cerebral cortex of rats. I. An electron-microscopical and biochemical study.

Synaptosomal fractions of brain cortex of rats exposed to moderate intermittent hypobaric hypoxic conditions during the first or second decade of the postnatal life were investigated electron microscopically one day or up to one week after the hypoxia experiment. Mitochondria and synaptosomes with impaired morphology were observed to occur more frequently in fractions obtained from hypoxic animals. Synaptosomes showed lesions of the outer membrane and loss of the synaptoplasmatic content, or condensation of the synaptosomal content with increasing electron density, deformation of the synaptosomes in size and shape, disappearance of structural details, degeneration of intrasynaptosomal mitochondria in form of strong condensation and, finally, formation of intrasynaptosomal vacuoles with dense core inclusions. The mitochondrial reaction was characterized by two antagonistic configurations: condensation of the matrix with secondary enlargement of the intracistal spaces and of the outer compartment and, finally, the decay of the matrix condensate in several crumbs. On the other hand, swelling of the matrix with strong enlargement of the whole mitochondrium, later defects in the outer membrane and the degeneration into empty mitochondrial ghosts, appearing in the upper fractions. Some characteristic marker enzymes were tested in the fractions. The results hint at an elevated vulnerability of synaptosomes obtained from animals exposed to postnatal hypoxia, as indicated by the lowered quotient of LDH activities after and before addition of Triton X-100. Furthermore, there are clues to a decrease in the number of synaptic connections within the cortex of hypoxia exposed animals, as is concluded from the diminished AChE activity in the subcellular fractions of these animals. However, no different effect of early or late postnatal hypoxia exposition was evident in the biochemical parameters.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

Effect of early and late postnatal hypoxia on subcellular synaptosomal fractions from cerebral cortex of rats. II. A quantitative ultrastructural study.

Synaptosomal subfractions were isolated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation from the P2-fraction of cerebral cortices of juvenile rats exposed to moderate intermittent hypobaric hypoxia from day 2-11 (early postnatal period) or from day 12-21 (late postnatal period) after birth. Ultrastructural investigations were carried out on fractions A and E of the preparation. Quantitative parameters of synaptosomes and mitochondria (volume density, numerical density, profile size frequency distribution) were estimated in a stereological analysis. Early postnatal hypoxia exposition strengthened the irreversible swelling of mitochondria. The effect on synaptosomes was less pronounced, very large synaptosomes showed significant condensation. Late postnatal hypoxia exposition resulted in strong condensation of synaptosomes in all size classes and similar reaction in mitochondria. Both hypoxia experiments produced an enhanced vulnerability of the synaptosomal membranes against the fractionation procedure and the appearance of monstrous large condensed synaptosomes. The results are discussed in view of hypothetical biochemical mechanisms underlying these changes.

Age Factors↗

[Value of exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder in occult bladder cancer and in the control of treated cancers].

The exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder is helpful in the detection of occult bladder carcinoma, which in according to definition is not recognizable without magnification, as well as in the follow-up of treated bladder carcinoma. Within a period of 5 years 23 occult bladder carcinomas were detected by cytological studies alone. The degree of malignancy of the established transitional cell carcinoma varied between G2 and G3. The latent period between the found cytological result and the histological confirmation amounted to 14 months. In our experience the diagnosis of occult bladder carcinoma can be established by exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder, if invisible parts of tumor with moderate and high degree of malignancy communicate with the mucosa of the bladder. The cytological recognition of malignant cells of urothelium offers valuable support for further therapeutic procedures, if there is no cystoscopic evidence of tumor in the bladder. In addition to clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder should also be part of the follow-up of treated bladder cancer.

Biopsy↗

MS-related material in blood of multiple sclerosis patients: results with the leucocyte adherence inhibition assay.

To determine the value of laboratory methods proposed as tests for multiple sclerosis (MS), the reactivity of leucocytes to a preparation of an antigen from the blood of patients with MS (MS-related material) was studied in the leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test. The results point to the existence of an antigenic substance in the blood of MS patients. When the LAI test was modified by the addition of calf serum there was a significant reaction of the leucocytes of MS compared to other neurological diseases and controls. The relatively high positive rate in MS previously reported was not detected. Therefore, further analyses concerning the characterisation of the antigen and the conditions of the test system will be necessary before the method can be used for diagnosis.

Humans↗

[Value of MS associated factors for test procedures in multiple sclerosis: 2. Angers' MS-induced substance in the LAI test].

Attempts to find test systems specific for multiple sclerosis are directed to the investigation of MS-associated factors in serum. Basing on the methods of the adherence of antigen-reactive leukocytes, the MSRM (MS-related material) a substance conditioned by the disease was derived from blood of MS-patients and applied in the leukocyte adherence-inhibition (LAI)-test. The mean values in the LAI-test showed a significant difference between MS, the other neurological diseases (OND) and the normals. For the limiting value mean NK +/- 2 s a positive LAI-effect resulted in 58% of the intermittent and in 43% of the chronic-progredient cases of MS, yet also in 11% of the OND. The fact that the rate of detection is lower than that reported by Angers, could depend on factors caused by the method used or by anomalies of immune regulation in MS (including the so-called blocking factors in serum). The results received with LAI-test applying the MSRM don't allow any definite diagnostical assessment specific for MS.

Antigens, Viral↗