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Biomedical subjects

U Metzger

Publications and source records attributed to U Metzger.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Influence of various prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on DMH-induced rat colon cancer.

To evaluate the influence of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on the incidence of DMH-induced colon cancer, 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to: indomethacin 20 mg per liter drinking water, meclofenamate 50 mg per liter drinking water, or normal drinking water (control group). Dimethylhydrazine was given by weekly subcutaneous injections (20 mg/kg body weight) during the first 20 weeks. Thirty-two weeks after the start of treatment and carcinogen exposure, the animals were killed and examined for the number, size, location, and spread of intestinal tumors. Colon cancer incidence was significantly lower in animals receiving indomethacin (56 per cent) compared with the control group (88 per cent) and with the meclofenamate group (90 per cent) (P less than 0.005). The corresponding figures for tumors in the small intestine were 31, 46, and 35 per cent, respectively. The tumors in indomethacin-treated animals did not differ in number, size, location, or spread from tumors of the other groups, suggesting that indomethacin might influence the carcinogenic process itself, rather than the natural course of the established disease. We conclude that indomethacin significantly reduces the incidence of large-bowel cancer in this animal model and that this observation may have some potential for future chemopreventive studies in human high-risk groups (e.g. ulcerative colitis, familial polyposis).

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1983

[Liver surgery in Switzerland].

In 1981, the surgical departments of the 5 Universities of Switzerland and 5 departments of Cantonal Hospitals and City Hospitals performed a total of 77 liver resections. The most prominent indication was liver metastases (especially from colorectal carcinomas), and lobectomy (hemihepatectomy) was the most commonly performed operative procedure. These data are in agreement with the experience of Zurich University Hospital from 1961-1981: 26 out of 45 liver resections were indicated by liver metastases. The overall postoperative lethality was 6.6%; lethality for resection of metastases was zero.

Hepatectomy↗
PubMed1983

[Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in surgically treated cancer of the large intestine].

Preoperative CEA value. Dukes stage and recurrence rate have been evaluated in 112 patients with large bowel cancer. Recurrence rate within 24 months was significantly higher (33% vs. 10%, p = 0.01) for preoperative CEA values of more than 5 ng/ml. In patients with moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma the recurrence rate was nearly 40% if the preoperative CEA value was elevated. Among 13 CEA-detected early recurrences, 3 (23%) have been cured by resection.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1983

[Pancreatic cancer. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and therapy].

The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still very poor. Research activities have, however, been instituted recently in all fields. Epidemiologic studies indicate etiologic roles of diabetes mellitus, smoking, and meat and coffee consumption. Sonography of the pancreas is at present the best screening method. The significance of computerized tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), arteriography and tumor markers is discussed. A TNM staging system and prognostic factors are presented. Resection is the treatment of choice for organ-limited pancreatic cancer. The development of new radiation modalities (e.g. pi-mesons) promises improved loco-regional tumor control. The most effective chemotherapy consists of combinations containing 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C. Intensive future research in the field of pancreatic cancer is essential if the prognosis of this devastating disease is to be improved.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

[Adjuvant therapy of colon and rectal cancer. Overview of current status].

Colorectal cancer is the most important gastrointestinal tumour regarding incidence and mortality rate in Western Europe and the U.S. Long term results of treatment have not impressingly changed over the last few decades, at least half of all the patients with curative surgery finally succumbing to recurrence of their disease. Evaluating prospective randomized studies, an attempt has been made to summarize the current status of adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer. For rectal cancer, combined postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy has proven benefit in one study reducing the overall relapse rate and improving disease-free survival. There is also an established benefit in the management of primarily inoperable rectal tumors where high dose radiation therapy renders some of these cases operable. Further studies of adjuvant treatment for rectal cancer are needed to evaluate the optimal radiation schedule and to limit the side effects of the treatment. Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer must still be regarded as unsettled. The lack of efficient systemic treatment for disseminated and recurrent disease favor the localized liver-directed adjuvant measures (perfusion, irradiation) in studies which are followed with interest. Up to date, adjuvant colon cancer trials strongly need a surgery-only control group. Unfortunately, there is as yet no proven significant benefit from immunotherapy as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer, but further basic and clinical studies will be of great interest in this field. Regarding the current status of adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer, there is a slight optimism that multimodality treatment may improve the survival of rectal cancer patients, and further studies in prospective randomized trials are urgently needed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Current state of surgery in the treatment of lung metastases].

64 resections and 51 instances of cryosurgical treatment in 102 patients with pulmonary metastases are reported. Under clearly established conditions, parenchyma-saving resection is often the only curative treatment for pulmonary metastases. Survival rates are 72% after one year and 35% after 5 years. Resection is also indicated after a short interval between the treatment of the primary tumor and onset of lung secondaries. Prognostic factors are histology of the primary tumor and progress of pulmonary metastases, measurable by tumor doubling time and the onset of new secondaries during a given short time interval. Cryosurgery for multiple metastases or local inoperable tumor has a one-year survival rate of 48% and a 5-year survival rate of 26%. While systemic therapy will change the role of surgery, its importance will increase as a factor in combined treatment modalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Surgical risk in patients over 70].

501 instances of surgery during 1979 in 390 patients aged 70 years or older are reported. The total preoperative mortality rate was 5.4% of operations or 6.9% of patients. Surgery in this patient group was more frequent (1979 11%, 1956/57 8.3%) while the mortality rate had decreased significantly. Urgent operations were frequent (23%), with five times the mortality rate (15%) than for elective operations (2.6%). It is therefore desirable to avoid urgent interventions and operate under elective conditions, though this is not always possible in practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Biochemical studies on the iojap mutant of maize.

The white leaf tissue of seedlings of Zea mays L. affected by the recessive nuclear gene iojap shows no photosynthetic activity; it contains about 1.4% of carotenoid and less than 0.1% of chlorophyll a content of normal green tissue. Neither fraction I protein nor chloroplast adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.4) (CF(1)) is detectable. This confirms earlier observations that plastids of white sectors of iojap maize do not contain ribosomes. About 40% of the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) in green leaves could be found in white leaves indicating that the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase EC 4.1.1.31 is made on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The oxygen consumption of iojap-affected leaves is decreased.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

[Traumatic duodeno-pancreatic dehiscence with avulsion of Vater's ampulla].

2 to 5% of blunt abdominal trauma have a pancreatic lesion. Avulsion of the ampulla and intact pancreas from the duodenum is an extreme rarity. Successful treatment in a 34-year-old car driver was the placement of a Roux-en-Y limb to the ampulla and pancreas with closure of the duodenum.

Accidents, Traffic↗