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Biomedical subjects

U Mende

Publications and source records attributed to U Mende.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Indications for and value of computed tomography and conventional skeletal diagnosis in suspected bone metastases].

In 1003 patients with a total of 2467 clinically or scintigraphically suspect skeletal parts, conventional x-ray examination at the time of first study resulted in 95% of cases (2331 skeletal parts) in a correct diagnosis. Computed tomography permitted an exact diagnosis in 52% of roentgenologically equivocal findings (136 skeletal parts). In 40% of these patients even by computed tomography metastasis was only suspected, in 8% there were unspecific findings, while by follow-up bone metastasis was proven. In 64.8% of the whole patient collective there were metastatic destructions and in 32.6% of patients benign lesions were found. Superiority of CT compared to conventional x-ray diagnosis resulted from exact demonstration of the intra- and extraosseous extent of lesions and the possibility of density measurements. It depended mainly upon the localisation of the pathologic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Results of radiotherapy in advanced oropharyngeal carcinomas. Primary and postoperative radiotherapy versus radiotherapy following polychemotherapy].

Within the period from 1971 through 1984, 185 patients with advanced oropharynx carcinomas were irradiated during primary therapy. The influence of a standardized chemotherapy (Heidelberg scheme) as initial therapeutic measure is investigated. Whereas 10% of the patients were treated in this way from 1971 through 1977, this part was 78% from 1978 through 1984. The remission rate after chemotherapy was 62%; the greater part of these remissions were partial remissions. The influence of chemotherapy was seen in increased radical macroscopic tumor resections, but also in an increased frequency of radiotherapy interruptions in case of severe mucous reactions. An increased rate of complete tumor remissions after irradiation was not observed. Nonresponders to chemotherapy showed a significantly poorer response to subsequent radiotherapy. There were no differences in survival times between the two periods in spite of the considerably modified therapy methods.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment of tumor hypercalcemia with clodronate. Effect on parathormone and calcitriol].

Clodronate (dichlormethylene diphosphonate) was administered to 21 patients with hypercalcemia due to malignant tumor. The drug was initially given intravenously, then orally. In 20 patients the serum calcium level had been reduced to the normal range within one week of the start of treatment (from 3.3 +/- 0.5 mmol/l to 2.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l). With oral administration there was a renewed rise in calcium levels in some patients, which had to be treated with higher oral doses or intravenous administration. Parallel with the reduction in calcium levels there was an improvement in the originally impaired renal function. The serum level of intact parathormone(1-84) and 1.25-dihydroxy-vitamin-D3 (calcitriol) rose significantly from usually lowered initial levels. There was a non-linear inverse correlation between parathormone and calcium. No side effects were noted, even after long-term administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Perspectives of radiotherapy.

The 5 years' survival rate of all cancer patients is 35-45%. In that survival rate radiotherapy takes part in 15%. By further development of radiological methods and techniques radiotherapy gains significance in the recent time. Optimizing radiation planning and tactics, all modern imaging techniques are applied consequently. The radiotherapist must be able to asses their immanent specifity which should remain object of the radiological training, even if separated into therapy and diagnostics. Dose distribution is calculated by computer; three-dimensional planning is done in tumors of the mediastinum, oesophagus carcinoma and paraaortic lymphomas. Critical description of radiation techniques, results, problems and prognoses are given by results in tumors of the epipharynx and gastric cancer. After-loading, done until now only in gynaecological tumors, is performed in recurrences of pharyngeal tumors by individually shaped applicators. Reducing the number of therapy failures as well as possible, the application of higher tumor doses, new kinds of rays as neutrons and combinations with physical and chemical methods is outlined. Modifications of radiation volumes are discussed, especially the irradiation of the complete abdomen in ovarian cancer, the irradiation of the complete body surface by electrons in mycosis fungoides, and the total body irradiation prior to autologue bone marrow transplantation. Modifications of fractionation are shown in short-time radiation of bone metastases and single-time radiation of brain lesions. Low penetrating electron therapy facilitates intraoperative single-time irradiation. Because of higher biological efficiency neutrons and heavy ions allow to irradiate low sensible tumors or recurrences embedded in fibrotic tissue respectively. The combination with hyperthermia yields good results in tumors of the head and neck with better local response and total remissions of 59%. There are potentials in synchronising with chemotherapeutics. Remissions of different duration were achieved in 190 patients. Because of neutrotoxicity there are still problems in applicating radiosensitizers. New methods are applied treating endocrine active tumors by labelled hormone precursers.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1986

Increased responsiveness to stimulation of alpha- but not beta-adrenoceptors in the hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster. Intact adenosine- and cholinoceptor-mediated isoprenaline antagonistic effect.

The effects of phenylephrine (in the presence of propranolol) or isoprenaline and of adenosine or carbachol (alone and in the presence of isoprenaline) were studied on the force of contraction in electrically driven papillary muscles isolated from the hearts of cardiomyopathic (strain BIO 8262) and age-matched, healthy Syrian hamsters. All experiments were performed in the so-called prenecrotic stage of the disorder within the first 30 days of life. Phenylephrine exerted a positive inotropic effect in all preparations from the cardiomyopathic hamsters. In contrast, in thirteen preparations from healthy Syrian hamsters, phenylephrine increased force of contraction in only four preparations. The positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline was similar in both cardiomyopathic and healthy Syrian hamsters. Adenosine and carbachol apparently reduced the isoprenaline-induced increase in force of contraction in both cardiomyopathic and healthy Syrian hamsters. We conclude that an increased responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic stimulation occurs in the hearts of cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters and may be related to the myocardial injury occurring in this syndrome. An increased responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation or an impaired adenosine-mediated or cholinoceptor-mediated feedback inhibition is unlikely to play a role in the aetiology of this syndrome.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1986

Increased sensitivity to alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation but intact purinergic and muscarinergic effects in prehypertensive cardiac hypertrophy of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of phenylephrine, isoprenaline and adenosine, (-)-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) or carbachol alone and in the presence of isoprenaline on force of contraction were studied in isolated electrically driven papillary muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar control rats. In SHR an increased heart to body weight ratio was observed when blood pressure was not yet elevated. During this stage of the syndrome (i.e. between the 27th and 35th day of life) phenylephrine was about 3.4 times more potent to increase force of contraction in SHR (mean EC50: 2.8 mumol l-1) than in control rats (mean EC50: 9.4 mumol l-1). The positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline was similar in SHR and control rats. Also no difference could be detected in the isoprenaline-antagonistic effect of adenosine, the adenosine receptor agonist PIA or carbachol. We conclude that an increased sensitivity to cardiac alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation might be related to prehypertensive cardiac hypertrophy in SHR.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1986

[Real-time sonography. An important imaging procedure in the diagnosis and treatment planning of bone metastases].

The value of sonography for diagnosis and therapy planning of bone metastases is shown in 110 affected skeletal regions (60 patients with malignant diseases). Whereas sonography is inferior to conventional x-ray in respect of defects of the spongiosa, it is equal with regard to defects of the cortical layer but superior in respect of changes of the periosteum and the surrounding soft tissue. Moreover, there is an excellent correlation (97%) between pain and the reaction of periosteum and soft-tissue layer. Because of the three dimensional representation of the tumourous processes sonography has proved valuable in radiotherapy planning (field size, radiation method, risk organs etc.).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomographic staging of tumors of the oral cavity, oro- and hypopharynx and the larynx. A comparison with computed tomography and sonography].

Thirty-six patients with tumours of the mouth, the oropharynx and hypopharynx and the larynx were examined by nuclear resonance tomography. The results were compared with the clinical findings of inspection and palpation and with CT and sonography, with respect to T and N classification. In seven patients the classification could be confirmed at operation. NMR provides very good anatomical detail and marked contrast between tumour and the surrounding tissues, particularly on T2 weighted images. NMR showed the best correlation with the clinical findings as regards the T classification and was the most accurate method, as confirmed by surgery. It is superior to CT and sonography for diseases in the oropharynx and hypopharynx. For the examination of the cervical lymphatics, sonography remains the recommended method.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Does an impaired adenosine mediated feedback control play a role in the development of hereditary dystrophic cardiomyopathy?

A study was carried out to investigate whether or not an impairment of the adenosine mediated negative inotropic effect in the presence of beta adrenoceptor stimulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of the hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster. In electrically driven papillary muscles isolated from the hearts of cardiomyopathic (strain BIO 8262) and age matched healthy control Syrian hamsters the effects of isoprenaline, adenosine, and adenosine in the presence of isoprenaline were studied within the first 30 days of life (the prenecrotic stage of the disorder). In both cardiomyopathic and control hamsters adenosine antagonised the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline, whereas adenosine alone had no or, only a weak, inhibitory effect on the force of contraction. The effects in both groups were similar. The effect of isoprenaline on the force of contraction also did not differ in the two groups. The data show that in both cardiomyopathic and control hamsters adenosine reduces the force of contraction during beta adrenergic stimulation. The potency or efficacy of adenosine did not differ in the two groups. An impaired adenosine mediated feedback control of the heart does not therefore seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of the hereditary dystrophic cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1986

[Radiotherapy of pathological fractures and skeletal lesions in danger of fractures].

Radiotherapy is of great importance in the treatment of pathologic fractures and skeletal lesions bearing the risk of fracture which are induced by malignomas, especially if these are in an advanced stage. In dependence on site and extent of skeletal destruction as well as on the general tumor dissemination, it can be distinguished between palliative radiotherapy and curative radiotherapy aiming at analgesia and remineralization. A retrospective analysis of 27 pathologic fractures and 56 skeletal lesions bearing the risk of fracture in malignoma patients showed an analgetic effect obtained by radiotherapy in 67% of pathological fractures and in 80% of skeletal lesions bearing the risk of fracture, whereas a remineralization could be demonstrated for 33% of pathological fractures and 50% of destructions bearing the risk of fracture. A stabilization of destructions progressing before therapy was found in 55% of pathological fractures and 40% of skeletal lesions bearing the risk of fracture. Thus a partial loading, supported by orthopedic prostheses, was possible for more than 50% of all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors. A comparison of methods].

36 patients with carcinomas of different ENT regions were investigated by means of MRI, CT and B-mode ultrasonography (US). The images were evaluated by parameters of clinical importance: tumour detectability marginal appearance, internal architecture, regional extension, and artifact degradation. The results were compared with the clinical tumour staging in accordance with the TNM system. In MRI, a multiplanar imaging of tumour extension with horizontal, frontal and sagittal sections is possible. Together with a good contrasting of the tumour against the surrounding structures, these are major advantages over CT in the imaging of carcinomas of the tonsils, the hypopharynx and the larynx. For both methods, tumours of the tongue base and the floor of the mouth are a real challenge. Lymph node metastases can be visualised with MRI, but US is the method of choice for the evaluation of cervical lymph nodes.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnostic approach in tumor patients with non-specific upper abdominal complaints].

The authors demonstrate on the basis of several observations of perigastric space-occupying growths in malignoma patients that x-ray examination of the stomach via mucosa and double-contrast imaging yields results of greatest diagnostic value in non-specific upper abdominal complaints. Supplementary diagnostic tools--but by no means competing methods--are often supplied by computed tomography and sonography. In case of extensive infiltration of the gastric wall, gastroscopy is indicated as an additional means to obtain confirmation by biopsy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnosis of etiology and complications of recurring urinary tract infections using imaging procedures].

The indication and efficiency of various radiological examination methods in relapsing infections of the urinary tract, as well as the complications of such infections, are described, and characteristic and pathognomical findings are demonstrated. The diagnostic accuracy of the individual imaging methods depends on the site, size, and density of the pathological process. Accurate diagnosis also requires the incorporation of clinical findings including those established by means of clinical pathology setups.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

[Importance of the general radiograph of the cervical spine in vertigo and pathologic proprioceptive cervical nystagmus].

The general roentgenogram of the cervical spine often shows manifold pathological alterations by patients without any clinical complaints. On the other hand, there are cervical vertigo and different symptoms caused by the cervical spine, its joints, muscles and ligaments without any X-ray manifestation. Nevertheless, some connections are assumed to exist between vertigo and alterations of the cervical spine an assumption supported especially by the frequently successful elimination of cervical troubles by chirotherapy. We compared the X-ray manifestations in patients complaining of vertigo with any and without any pathological proprioceptive cervical nystagmus provoked by examination according to Moser and revealed by electronystagmography. The extended posture of the cervical spine seems to point to a possible cause of vertigo. Likewise, some degenerative alterations seem to exercise a pathological effect, provoking cervical vertigo additionally if both effects are combined. Uncovertebral arthroses seem to have the same effect without occurring in combination with other effects. The general roentgenogram of the cervical spine in the sloping, lateral and anterior-posterior direction may consequently point to some possible causes of cervical vertigo.

Cervical Vertebrae↗