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Biomedical subjects

U K Sheth

Publications and source records attributed to U K Sheth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of ethynyloestradiol in women for different populations.

The pharmacokinetics of a dose of 50 microgram ethynyloestradiol administered orally was studied in fourteen centres. Absorption was rapid and the highest serum concentrations of total ethynyloestradiol were found in most subjects at 1 h and by 24 h concentrations were less than 250 pg/ml. Calculation of the half-lives for absorption, distribution and elimination showed wide variations between subjects, the half-life of elimination varying from 2.5 h to more than 30 h. Bioavailability as measured by the area under the serum ethynyloestradiol concentration-time curve also showed more than a ten-fold variation. Intra-centre differences in the various parameters measured were as large as the inter-centre differences.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1981

Tolerability of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen in G-6-PD deficient subjects: in vitro study.

1 A 'GSH (reduced glutathione) stability test' which consists of incubating blood samples with acetylphenylhydrazine and other test drugs and measuring GSH level before and after incubation, was carried out. 2 Application of this test to the blood of eight normal volunteers and twelve known G-6-PD deficient persons demonstrated that acetylphenylhydrazine and primaquine produced a significant decrease in GSH levels in G-6-PD deficient red cells compared to the reduction seen in normal red cells incubated with these drugs. No such change was observed with aspirin, ibuprofen and flurbiprofen. 3 The results of this in vitro study seem to indicate that ibuprofen and flurbiprofen are relatively innocuous in G-6-PD deficient individuals.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1980

A study of interaction of a low-dose combination oral contraceptive with anti-tubercular drugs.

Low-dose combination contraceptive (containing norethisterone acetate 1 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms) was administered to women receiving concurrent therapy with either Rifampicin or "triple" antitubercular treatment consisting of paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS), isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and streptomycin. Plasma levels of norethisterone (NET) and ethinyl estradiol (EE), PAS and INH were measured and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated for NET and EE. Rifampicin treatment (9 women) caused a statistically significant reduction of the plasma NET levels as well as the AUC of NET. In this group of women, though a trend for reduction in EE levels was observed in individual subjects, it was not statistically significant. Out of 7 regularly menstruating women on Rifampicin therapy, 2 showed a premenstrual rise of plasma progesterone (P) levels (> 4 ng/ml) suggesting an ovulatory cycle and 3 experienced menstrual irregularities. In contrast, plasma levels of NET and EE as well as their AUCs were not altered in 8 women receiving "triple" antitubercular therapy. Only one woman out of 8, had menstrual irregularity and all women had P levels in the anovulatory range. Furthermore, oral contraceptive treatment did not alter the plasma levels of PAS and INH.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A study of interaction of low-dose combination oral contraceptive with Ampicillin and Metronidazole.

Plasma levels of norethisterone (NET), ethinyl estradiol (EE), Ampicillin or Metronidazole were estimated in 16 women, who were taking low-dose oral combination contraceptive pills (containing norethisterone acetate 1 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 microgram) and in whom concurrently, either Ampicillin (6 women) or Metronidazole therapy (10 women) was given. Neither Ampicillin nor Metronidazole therapy altered the 'peak' or 24-hour plasma levels and area under the curve, for NET and EE. Furthermore, oral contraceptive treatment did not alter the 'peak' levels of Ampicillin or Metronidazole. Progesterone (P) levels were in the anovulatory range in all Ampicillin treated cycles. However, in Metronidazole treated group, two out of 10 women showed a P rise of more than 4 ng/ml. The study was expanded to include another group of 15 women treated with Metronidazole, where only one women showed a P rise of more than 4 ng/ml. The occurrence of 'escape ovulation' as suggested by P rise of more than 4 ng/ml in three out of 25 Metronidazole treated women is either a chance incidence due to a different pharmacological response in them, or most probably due to the default in the regular intake of pills in these women. This is supported by the observation that one out of three women showing a P rise (greater than 4 ng/ml( during concurrent Metronidazole therapy, also showed ovulatory P values in oral contraceptive-only treated cycles. Furthermore, in the control group also, one out of 10 women had ovulatory P levels (greater than 4 ng/ml) in oral contraceptive-only treated cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Antipyrene clearance in Indian villagers.

1 Antipyrine clearance has been measured using saliva samples in 50 Maharashtrans from a village to the north of Bombay. 2 All subjects were very lean and were also anaemic probably as a result of hookworm infestation. 3 Antipyrine clearance was 36% faster than in White Londoners studied previously and more than twice as fast as in Asian immigrants living in London. 4 Clearance was 25% faster in men than in women but volume of distribution was also greater in men and mean half-lives did not differ significantly between the sexes. 5 There was a negative correlation between antipyrine clearance and haemoglobin concentration. 6 The study has identified geographic differences in antipyrine metabolism which could be clinically important. The role of anaemia merits further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Flurbiprofen in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.

1 In a double-blind crossover study, flurbiprofen produced marked relief of pain which was significantly more than with aspirin and placebo in patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhoea. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the relief of pain obtained with aspirin and placebo. 2 The clinician's overall assessment of efficacy also indicated that flurbiprofen produced better response as compared to aspirin and placebo in these patients with dysmenorrhoea. 3 Both flurbiprofen and aspirin did not produce any apparent adverse effects on blood loss during the menstrual period. 4 In conclusion, the analgesic effect of flurbiprofen seen in this trial establishes the therapeutic usefulness of the drug in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Plasma levels of trimethoprim and sulfonamide after administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfamoxole.

In a cross-over study with ten healthy volunteers, the plasma levels of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfonamides were compared using orally given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX: Septra) and trimethoprim-sulfamoxole (TMP-SMO: Supristol) in recommended doses. The dosage schedule for TMP-SMX was 2 tablets every 12 h for nine doses, and for TMP-SMO it was 2 tablets as in the first dose, followed by 1 tablet every 12 h for eight more doses. Serial plasma levels of TMP and sulfonamides after the first dose of each of the two products showed no significant differences. However, after the ninth dose of each product, the paired t test revealed significantly higher levels of TMP and sulfonamides after TMP-SMX as compared with TMP-SMO.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride.

The effect of NiCl2 on digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias were studied in anesthetized dogs and in isolated perfused hearts of rabbits, guinea pigs and rats. The results indicate that NiCl2 can effectively antagonize the digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias in both intact as well as in isolated hearts. Sinus rhythm was restored and the cardiovascular status of the animal (which was digitoxic) eventually restored to normal. When not treated with NiCl2 the cardiovascular status of the dogs was progressively worsened leading to death. NiCl2 alone did not have any marked effect in normal hearts. It is likely that Ni2+ might be competing with Ca2+ at the cell membrane sites thereby antagonizing the toxic effects of digoxin. It is also possible that an increase in malic acid and oxaloacetic acid activity induced by NiCl2 may play a role in reversing the toxicity of digoxin.

Animals↗